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It is of interest to analyze the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity of n-hexane extract of Cayratia trifolia L. (C. trifolia). The antimicrobial activity of n-hexane extract of C. trifolia was determined using disc diffusion method against six selected pathogenic microorganisms. The cytotoxicity potential of n-hexane plant extract was also studied against A2780 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results, n-hexane extract of C. trifolia possess significant antioxidant activity with significant IC50 values in radical scavenging assays. In antimicrobial studies, the maximum zone of inhibition was found in the range of 19.0 ą 0.1 to 22.0 ą 0.1 mm. In MTT assay, inhibition of cell growth with minimal IC50 values of 46.25ą0.42μg/mL against A2780 cell lines was observed. Thus, n-hexane extract of C. trifolia is a possible antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity agent.

Natural colorants have emanated as a significant substitute to highly toxic synthetic dyes. The present study highlights the dyeing efficiency of violet pigment produced from Chromobacterium violaceum PDF23. A halophilic bacterium C. violaceum PDF23 produce violet pigments were isolated from the Great Salt Lake situated in Chennai, India. Based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a halophilic bacterium was identified as C. violaceum PDF23. The violet dye from C. violaceum PDF23 exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The violet pigment exhibited radical scavenging potential with IC50 value of 14.40 mu g/mL. The dye ability of colorant was evaluated using mordants on two distinct fabrics, i.e., silk satin and cotton, and colorfastness measurements were recorded. The CIE L*a*b* qualities of the dyed fabrics were assessed, as well as their colorfastness quality. The current research findings suggest that violet pigment has potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and it could be used as alternative to synthetic dye in the textile industry., Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai; Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [GRANT1079]; Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, The authors are grateful to the management of Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, for supporting the original article. Professor K. R. Venkatesan, Principal, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India, has provided us with invaluable assistance and encouragement. This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Project No. GRANT1079].

It is of interest to report the chemotherapeutic (drug target based) potential of n-hexane Cayratia trifolia L. (C.trifolia) extract on A2780 cell lines. mRNA and protein expression analysis of the human chemokine receptor (CXCR4) and human epidermal growth factor receptors-2 (HER2) were studied using RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis. The results show significant cell growth inhibition with minimal IC50 values of 46.25 ± 0.42 micro g/mL against A2780 cell lines. mRNA and protein expression were considerably reduced in

Stroke is an important neurological disease in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted and it is becoming an increasing non-communicable disease in developing countries. Current treatment options for stroke is modifying lifestyle practice, diabetes treatment, drugs, and other factors management, but yet no cure is available in sight for the disease, despite it requires new insight into the molecular and therapeutic targets. In general, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs considered as of greater biological importance and controls molecular signaling pathways in diabetic pathogenesis. Among the reported MiRNAs, MIR-21 is considered to be an important MiRNA, which is frequently elevated in many types of types of strokes, suggesting that it plays an important role in cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Until now, there is no research paper that signifying the role of miR-21 in all types of strokes and the number of studies on the different category of strokes is limited, so in this paper, we are highlighting the recent investigations related to the significance of miR-21 in different types of strokes based on the up-to-date reports. It was found that MiR-21 was found to be normally up and down regulated in all types of strokes, however; we summarize the important research findings related to the role of miR-21 in different types of strokes.

MicroRNAs are a novel group of universally present non-coding RNA that has been implicated in the wide-ranging biological process and are critical in the manifestation of diverse disease including diabetes mellitus (DM). Although there are so many numbers of micro RNAs involved in DM none of them effective for the suppression of Type I DM (T1DM), hence there is an urgent need for identifying exact microRNAs that may serve as a candidate biomarker for T1DM. Moreover, we know that expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are random single pass sequences reads which displays the condition/tissue-specific transcribes of an organism. In the present study, we have applied bioinformatics tools to identify hsa-mir-7110-5p from diabetes mellitus using EST resources. Our studies revealed that hsa-mi-7110 was confirmed in the T1DM specific EST sequence among the predicted miRNA secondary structure. It has been known that miRNAs are known to be an important factor involved in the initiation and progression of T1DM. Based on the above information, we also deciphered the molecular mechanism and the role of miR-7110 from T1DM patients and found that miR-7110 was a novel prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic target for T1DM.

Myeloid leukemia (ML) is heterogeneous cancer classified by abnormal growth of myeloid cells due to genetic aberrations and mutations. It is generally categorized by clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation. The molecular mechanism behind the myeloid malignancies is not yet known, but recent sequencing analysis reveals all the mutated factors. As we know that there is currently no compromise on therapy for such types of malignancies and at the present painful process like chemotherapy and radiation therapy are not effective for the treatment of ML, so there is an urgent need to develop a non-invasive biomarker for different types of ML. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) is a small non-coding RNAs that have been involved in a wide range of biological function and it is the main cause of the manifestation of many diseases. Among the reported MiRNAs, MIR-21 is considered to be an important MiRNA, which is frequently elevated in many types of types of cancer, suggesting that it plays an important role in cancer progressions. So far, there is no paper that signifies the role of miR-21 in all types of ML and the number of studies on the different category of ML is sparse. Therefore, the main thrust of this paper is to provide an overview of the current clinical evidence and significance of miR-21 in ML. It was found that MiR-21 was found to be normally upregulated in all types of ML, however, we summarize the important research findings surrounding the role of miR-21 in different types of ML.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the severe metabolic diseases found in all types of people's lives in lower, middle and high income countries. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in many countries and most of the cases are type 2 DM, clinical treatments are changing now to manage type 2 DM, however, up-to-date, there is no diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target for type 2 DM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is one of a non-protein coding RNAs that have been regulating a wide range cellular processes and induce the development of many diseases. Most of the researchers concluded that miRNAs involvement is an important process in a broad range of signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, stem cell maintenance, migration, apoptosis and gene or protein expressions. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are the best source of coding and non-coding sequences for the identification of miRNAs. Although DNA methylation is an important mechanism for miRNAs up-regulation, this has not been highly explored in type 2 DM. The present study is useful to elucidate the molecular mechanism of MiR-1285-5p in type 2 DM and its role in disease progression and we discovered miR-1285 as a novel prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic target for type 2 DM.

The present work aims to prepare magnesium aluminate nanoparticles (MgAl2O4 NPs) using aluminum isopropoxide and magnesium ethoxide by hydrolysis reaction and to investigate them as new adsorbent materials for the extraction and clean-up of dimethomorph pesticide from tap water. The MgAl2O4 NPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The XRD result confirmed the formation of the spinal cubic structure in the fabricated sample. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge packed with MgAl2O4 NPs was used to extract dimethomorph pesticide from water samples. The extracted pesticide solution was quantified using a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 1 μ g/L, signifying the sensitivity of the LC-MS-MS. The water samples were passed through the cartridges and investigated to find the adsorption strength of the pesticides under the influence of temperature, volume of sample, flow rate, pH and ionic strength on the efficiency of the cartridge. The extraction efficiency of the developed MgAl2O4 NPs SPE was found to be higher than that of commercially available SPE- C 18 cartridge. The average recoveries of the pesticides ranged from 90%–94% which was obtained at two different fortification levels of 1 and 10 μ g/L using MgAl2O4 NPs SPE.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are well conserved in both plants and animals, and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of gene regulation and also act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. It is known that Express Sequence Tags (EST) are a short sub-sequence of cDNA sequence, which contain information of condition or tissue specific transcripts (coding and non-coding) of an organism. Methods In the present study, we have applied the bioinformatics tools to identify miRNA from breast cancer using EST resource. Through bioinformatics approach, the presence of an EST encoding hsa-miR-17- 3p of breast cancer was identified. Results Further studies reveal that hsa-miR-17 is confirmed in the breast cancer specific EST sequence among the predicted miRNAs secondary structure. Moreover, miR-17-3p could be responsible for a tumor suppression, which plays a major role in human breast cancer. Conclusion Further studies are required to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind miR-17-3p involves in the suppression of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, our target analysis suggesting that all the targets involved in multiple signaling pathways in different cell regulations moreover, we need to have more number of in vitro and in vivo studies that prove miR-17-3p as candidate microRNA for breast cancer cells.