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The main objective of this project is to ensure the safety precautions in public transportation. This project monitors and stores the database of number of allowed users with their respective temperature. The person's identity is monitored with the help of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The sensors and RFID reader are interfaced with the Arduino. If the temperature is increased then the threshold level alert message is passed to the person personal mobile through global system of mobile communication and the bus door does not get opened. Then if any fire, breakdown and accident exist it sends intimation to the nearby hospitals and fire service via the control room. The current location of the bus is known by using global positioning system. The entire module information controlled by IoT and the data are stored in cloud server. This system also can be implemented in theaters\shopping malls to monitor the number of allowed persons with their respective temperature as per government instructions.

Considering everything between macroplastics and nanoplastics, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed assessment of the available methods to monitor and model plastics in freshwater bodies and to visualize the geographical distribution of studies reporting plastics in rivers and lakes. Both in marine or freshwater ecosystems, five steps can be distinguished for monitoring, namely, sampling, extraction, analysis, identification, and extrapolation. Despite the rapidly increasing number of publications on plastic occurrences in freshwater bodies, several aspects still carry high levels of uncertainty. The chapter highlights four key aspects that deserve more attention when designing and performing monitoring campaigns and when developing and interpreting numerical models. These four aspects are: temporal variation, transfer between environmental compartments, harmonization of monitoring and modeling investigations regarding plastic size ranges, and, finally, data quality control and validation of results.

It is well-known that treatment of β-octaethylporphyrin with H2O2/conc. H2SO4 converts it to a β-oxochlorin as well as all five constitutional isomers of the corresponding β,β’-dioxo-derivatives: two bacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo groups at opposite pyrrolic building blocks) and three isobacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo-groups at adjacent pyrrolic building blocks). By virtue of the presence of the strongly electronically coupled β-oxo auxochromes, none of the chromophores are archetypical chlorins, bacteriochlorins, or isobacteriochlorins. Here the authors present, inter alia, the single crystal X-ray structures of all free-base diketone isomers and a comparative description of their UV-vis absorption spectra in neutral and acidic solutions, and fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen photosensitization properties, Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectra, and singlet excited state lifetimes. DFT computations uncover underlying tautomeric equilibria and electronic interactions controlling their electronic properties, adding to the understanding of porphyrinoids carrying β-oxo functionalities. This comparative study lays the basis for their further study and utilization.

Aims In regenerative medicine, cellular cardiomyoplasty is one of the promising options for treating myocardial infarction (MI); however, the efficacy of such treatment has shown to be limited due to poor survival and/or functional integration of implanted cells. Within the heart, the adhesion between cardiac myocytes (CMs) is mediated by N-cadherin (CDH2) and is critical for the heart to function as an electromechanical syncytium. In this study, we have investigated whether the reparative potency of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can be enhanced through CDH2 overexpression. Methods and results CDH2-hiPSC-CMs and control wild-type (WT)-hiPSC-CMs were cultured in myogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. Using a mouse MI model, the cell survival/engraftment rate, infarct size, and cardiac functions were evaluated post-MI, at Day 7 or Day 28. In vitro, conduction velocities were significantly greater in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs than in WT-hiPSC-CMs. While, in vivo, measurements of cardiac functions: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, reduction in infarct size, and the cell engraftment rate were significantly higher in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group than in WT-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group. Mechanistically, paracrine activation of ERK signal transduction pathway by CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, significantly induced neo-vasculogenesis, resulting in a higher survival of implanted cells. Conclusion Collectively, these data suggest that CDH2 overexpression enhances not only the survival/engraftment of cultured CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, but also the functional integration of these cells, consequently, the augmentation of the reparative properties of implanted CDH2-hiPSC-CMs in the failing hearts.