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The Mangalitsa pig breed is considered one of the oldest pig breeds in Europe. By the end of the 19th century, Mangalitsa pigs were the main breed of pigs raised in Europe, being fattened to a weight of 250 - 300 kg, primarily for fat. Although it was not created in our country, Mangalitsa is considered a local breed because it has been raised on our territory since ancient times, during which it has perfectly adapted to our natural and breeding conditions. This paper presents results obtained from the analysis of the technological properties of pork meat from the Mangalitsa breed, originating from pigs of different ages, of both sexes. The study analyzed the rate of losses due to refrigeration, freezing and thawing, as well as the rate of losses due to frying and boiling the pork meat from the Mangalitsa breed. In most cases, the results showed a higher percentage of losses in younger specimens, which had a lower degree of fattening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangalilsa is one of the old-type breeds, formed several centuries ago by crossing primitive European and Asian pigs. This breed was introduced to Romania from Serbia in the 19th century, being specialized for fat production. In our country, the Mangalitsa pig breed was exploited until the 1950s, after which the number of pigs of this breed drastically decreased due to the growth of breeds and hybrids with high productive performance, as well as changes in the population's consumption habits. This study presents a series of data obtained from the analysis of the physico-chemical properties of pork meat from the Mangalitsa breed, originating from different varieties raised in the NE area of the country. The biological material used for this study consisted of pigs from the Mangalitsa breed, originating from 3 different varieties, namely the blonde variety, the red variety, and the swallow-belly variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of the herbicide Resital Duo (SE) against the weed Polygonum aviculare, from a winter wheat crop. The observations were made in a wheat crop located in the western part of Romania, respectively in the Western Plain. Research has been conducted during the agricultural years 2022-2023, and included determinations on the effects of vegetation treatments with the herbicide product Resital Duo (SE) (452.42 g/l 2.4-D 2-Ethylhexyl Ester (EHE) + 6.25 g/l Florasulam.), applied in 4 variants and 3 different doses (untrated, 0.2 l / ha, 0.4 l / ha, 0.6 l / ha. Therefore, a monofactorial experience was set up in the field, placed according to the method of randomized blocks, in four repetitions. 15 days after application of Resital Duo (SE) (452.42 g / l 2.4- D 2-Ethylhexyl Ester EHE) + 6.25 g / l Florasulam), the most effective treatments in experience were variant 3 (0.4 l / ha) and variant 4 (0.6 l / ha), with an efficacy of 57.5%, respectively 77.5%. After 30 days of the application of the Resital Duo (SE) product, the most effective treatments in our experience were both variant 3 (0.4 l/ha) and variant 4 (0.6 l/ha), which accumulated an efficacy of 92.5%, respectively 99.5%. The applied product did not create any kind of phytotoxicity to our crop, at any of the 3 doses tested, and the vigor of the wheat was maintained at the level of 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the agricultural and economic importance of wheat, there is an ongoing concern to study the impact of weeds on wheat production (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A2u, https://www.scribd.com/doc/77393966/graul,http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/,https://ec.europa.eu/eurosta t/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Agriculture). In this context, the researches that are the subject of this work aimed to establish the most effective current means of chemical control of weeds in autumn wheat crops, with direct effects on production results. The research was made within the company SC Prodagro Vest SRL from Arad, during two years: 2021 and 2022, being tested a number of 11 post-emergent herbicides to combat weeds in the wheat crop, in order to reduce the degree of weeding, the cost per the product unit and, by default, the increase in productivity. The placement of the experimental field for combating weeds in the wheat crop was done according to the randomized block method, being a monofactorial experiment, with 12 variants, in four repetitions. In the first year of research, 2021, in the non-herbicized control variant, 67.5 weeds/m² were recorded, and in the second year, 2022, were present 54.7 weeds/m². The most effective weed control, over 90%, was recorded in the variants: V6 - aminopyralid 30% + florasulam 15% - 33 g/ha, V² - 2,4-D acid 300 g/l + florasulam 6.25 g/l – 0.6 l/ha and V9 – tribenuron – methyl 600 g/kg + florasulam 200 g/kg – 25 g/ha., in 2021, respectively V9 in 2022. There were no obvious symptoms of toxicity in cultivated plants, as a result of the application of the herbicide products in the experiments. The level of wheat production was determined by the climatic conditions, but also by the effectiveness of herbicides in combating the present segetal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the leaf area of Solanum nigrum L. by non-destructive method. Determining the leaf area based on leaf parameters and a correction factor is accessible, sufficiently accurate, and with minimal costs. To find out the correction factor, and to make the working model, the leaves were taken at random from different plants, the species Solanum nigrum L. The leaves were scanned (1:1 ratio). Images of the leaves were analyzed imagistically and scanned leaf area (SLA) values were obtained. The foliar SLA index registered values between 11.481 -- 32.878 ± 0.967 cm². The length and width of the leaves were measured for each leaf (L and w). The parameter L had values between 5.40 - 9.90 ± 0.206 cm, and the parameter w had values between 3.25 - 6.45 ± 0.151 cm. To determine the leaf area based on foliar parameters (Measured Leaf Area - MLA), a relation of type MLA = L · w · CF was used, where CF represented the correction factor for the studied specie. To find the CF, the scanned leaf area (SLA) was compared to the measured leaf area (MLA). The CF value at which the average of the errors had the minimum value (MEM) was considered optimal in the case of the analyzed samples. In the case of the studied samples, MEM = -0.036 cm², corresponding to CF = 0.52. In the narrow range of calculations, the MEM values varied between -1.884 cm² and 1.813 cm², corresponding to the variable values of CF. The RMSEP parameter confirmed the optimal value found for CF (RMSEP = 3.86015, according to CF = 0.52). The MLA values obtained, at CF = 0.52, showed a normal distribution. The experimental data set presented statistical certainty, according to ANOVA test (F> Fcrit, p <0.001). The variation of MLA as a function of leaf length (L) was described by a polynomial equation of degree 2, in statistical safety conditions, according to R² = 0.875, p <0.001. The variation of MLA as a function of leaf width (w) was described by a linear equation, in statistical safety conditions, according to R² = 0.942, p <0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As COVID-19 had been posing unprecedented challenges, the economic agents as well as the individuals had to adapt to a new lifestyle. The preventing measures against the spread of the virus determined an increase in e-commerce activity in general, and in mobile commerce in particular. In this regard, sellers redefined their strategies revolving around smartphone applications for online shopping, which will gradually become the global shopping standard. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the current situation of e-commerce, focusing on the main transformations since the beginning of the pandemic. The methods used in the paper consist in both qualitative research of the literature regarding e-commerce and a quantitative analysis that captures two aspects: on one hand it highlights the change determined by the pandemic in online commerce, and on the other hand it shows an X-ray of the EU states positioning in terms of e-commerce evolution. The latter consists in a comparative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis that aims to provide an image on the situation of EU states, before and after the pandemic has been installed. The Cluster Analysis was carried out in SPSS software and it is based on a series of chosen indicators from Eurostat database. This comparison provides an image of how changes among the clusters take place in terms of e-commerce indicators. It is noted that in countries where the digitization was more developed, the value of the change in online commerce was less considerable, comparing to the Eastern and Balkan states, which had a more significant increase. However, there are significant limitations based on the small number of indicators taken into consideration in this paper. Future work needs to be done in order to explore new ways to address the challenges identified in the development of e-commerce and online shopping.

Introduction. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a treatment option for an increasing number of conditions. The aim of this study was to assess its therapeutic effects in femoral condylar necrosis as well as in normal tissue using hyperspectral imaging. Material and method. A 47-year-old female patient diagnosed with avascular necrosis of the medial femoral condyle was included in this study. The patient received hyperbaric oxygen therapy for two consecutive days (the first day: three stages of 30 min each, separated by two breaks of 5 min at pO2 = 2 ATA; the second day: three stages of 30 min each, separated by two breaks of 5 min at pO2 = 2.4 ATA). The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the affected area (patient’s knee) and normal (patient’s hand) tissues oxygenation were assessed before and after each treatment session using hyperspectral imaging. Results and discussions. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging is quite good for monitoring the hyperbaric oxygen therapy efficacy in affected areas, even with deep tissue problems. Conclusions. In conclusion, the hyperspectral imaging-based approach for monitoring hyperbaric oxygen therapy could support physicians in extracting prognostic information and making the right treatment decisions.

This paper had as main objective the comparison of new technological solutions for degraded grassland using a grasslands regeneration machine and a trailed vindrover, with the conventional technologies. The grasslands regeneration machine performs several operations in one pass, as follows: soil tillage in narrow strips, direct seeding of an herb seed mixture into the vegetal cover and light compaction of the soil over the seeds for a proper contact, in order to obtain a good germination. The trailed vindrover is designed to the harvest and conditioning forage technology, running in a single pass operation of mowing, crushing and left on the ground to dry naturally. Experimental researches were carried out in two locations, namely National Institute of Research-Development for Machines and Installations designed for Agriculture and Food Industry- INMA Bucharest and Grasslands Research-Development Station- SCDP Vaslui, in the agricultural year 2014. For each technological link the following parameters were determined: fuel consumption per hour, fuel consumption per surface unit, hourly working capacity and labor consumption. Analyzing the comparative diagrams, it was observed that total average values of parameters obtained in the two locations in spring and late summer by applying the new technological variants were smaller than the ones obtained by applying conventional technologies. The new technological solutions for regeneration of degraded grasslands involve less fuel and labor consumption, being more environmentally friendly than conventional technologies used so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the constant evolution of the consumer market, new building materials appear continuously. One such product is the new developed composite plaster mortar. The main purpose of the current research is to evaluate the adherence to the support layer of plaster mortars reinforced with polypropylene synthetic fibers. In this experimental study, sets of 2 samples of each recipe were materialized on the substrate of solid bricks. It is intended an analysis of the mechanical characteristics of the material, in order to indicate a specific amount of fibers in the matrix and to recommend some proper application areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of an extensive project aimed at promoting traditional and eco-friendly materials. One such material is reed, which, mixed with organic and inorganic binders, can form new thermally insulating materials with similar properties to the ones of the materials currently used in construction. This study falls in the "New materials and technologies in the building industry" category and is aimed at contributing new ideas to the field of natural, environmentally friendly building materials with reduced energy consumption and negative carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

În această lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele obţinute la testarea în laborator a două tipuri de mecanisme pentru reglarea normei de însămânţare a maşinilor de regenerat pajişti, în aceleaşi condiţii de lucru. Cercetările experimentale s-au desfăşurat pe o instalaţie automatizată, care simulează viteza de lucru a maşinii, colectează, măsoară şi afişează cantităţile de seminţe. Au fost determinaţi şi comparaţi următorii indici calitativi de lucru: abaterea în raport cu media probelor, gradul de neuniformitate a distribuţiei pe lăţimea de lucru şi normele de însămânţare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the laboratory tests of the two types of mechanism for seed rate adjustment of grassland drills, in the same working conditions. Tests were conducted on an automated installation, which simulates the working speed of the drill, collects, measures and displays seed quantities. The main quality work indices as: the deviation in relation to the average of samples, the unevenness degree of seeds distribution on the grassland drill working width and seeding rate, were determined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of weeding, crops diminish substantially and, with strong weeding, crops can be much compromised. Horse thistle is a problem-weed in straw cereals and one of the most widespread and damaging weed species in Romania. Research was carried out over two years (2012 and 2013) in the experimental field of the Weed Science Department of the Didactic Station in Timisoara, Romania, in which we tested the effect of 11 post-emergent herbicides on horse thistle in winter wheat. The winter wheat cultivar we used was Glosa. The setting of the experimental field was done after the randomised block method: it was a monofactorial experiment with 12 variants and 4 replicas. In the first experimental year, we identified, initially, 98.56 weeds/m², of which Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. shared 7.91%, i.e. 7.8 plants/m². In the following year, we identified, initially, 79.20 weeds/m², of which Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. shared 7.40%, i.e. 5.8 plants/m². Overall, in the two years, the most visible reduction of weeding was in the variants treated with Buctril Universal (92.52-94.18%), Arrat (86.73-92.42%), Ceredin Super (90.18-91.07%) and Dialen Super 464 SL (87.40-90.63%). As for the exclusive control of the weed species Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., in 2012, the best results were in the variants treated with Lontrel 300 (95.20%), (Arrat (94.49%), Iudith (91.37%) and Dialen Super 464 SL (90.63%). In 2013, the herbicides with the best performances in the reduction of horse thistle sprouts were Lontrel 300 (97.05%), Buctril Universal (93.51%), (Arrat (91.28%), Iudith (91.37%) and Dialen Super 464 SL (88.73%). The herbicide Cerlit EC had no visible effect on horse thistle - this is why we do not recommend it in the fields invaded by this species. Thirty days after the treatment, and more visibly sixty days after the treatment, the plants of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. tended to regenerate in all the variants shooting new sprouts that could not really compete with winter wheat plants that had almost reached maturity. All the tested herbicides were very selective for the winter wheat cultivar Glosa, with no visible symptoms of phyto-toxicity. Winter wheat crops in the experimental field were influenced, on one hand, by the climate conditions of the two years and, on the other hand, they correlated positively with the performances of the herbicides in the total control of horse thistle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of phytosanitary treatments performed in crops is largely determined by how substances are sprayed on the plant, by the droplets size, the coverage of the plant and the reduction of drift phenomenon. The main elements responsible for the quality of working process of phytosanitary treatment machines are the nozzles, which are the principal elements of any sprayers. This explains the great variety of spraying systems. In this paper are detailed some theoretical issues regarding the spraying process through nozzles as the basis for experiments to be carried out using the machine for high precision application of phytosanitary treatments in orchards, MSL. Analysis and modeling of this process is achieved using as main working instrument the dimensional analysis theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the first part of the are presented aspects regarding the control of weeds in wheat crops, among which Convolvulus arvensis L. is more prominent, a problem species popularly called bindweed (CIOCÂRLAN et al., 2004; FRITEA T., 2001). In the second part are described the materials and methods used to control problem weeds by which were evaluated the degree of control of the species Convolvulus arvensis L. in % and the wheat crops in q/ha on non-herbicide - treated variants and on those herbicide - treated. In the chapter called results and discussions are presented the results of the research regarding the total number of weeds/m² in the non-herbicide - treated variant in wheat crops and the occurrence percentage. In wheat crops 12 species of weeds were recorded, with a total number of 58 on m² and a occurrence percentage of 100%. The bindweed was present in wheat crops in a number of 11.33 weeds/m² with an occurrence of 19.53%. The last part of the paper includes the conclusions, where one can notice that the most efficient bindweed sprouts reduction, in the year 2011, was obtained with the herbicide Dicamba 120 g/l + 344 g/l acid 2,4 D - 0,9 l/ha, with a control degree of 90,90%. A control of over 70% was registered also in the variants treated with Bomoxinil: 280 gr/l + acid 2,4 D - 1,0 l/ha and 300 g/l acid 2.4 - D + 100 g/l dicamba - 1 l/ha. All tested herbicides were highly selective for the variety of wheat cultivated (Lovrin 50), presenting no visible signs of phytotoxicity. The wheat crops obtained in the experimental field were influenced, on one hand by the climatic conditions, on the other hand, were positively correlated with the performances of herbicides in controlling total weed-growth and that with bindweed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research was to test the weed control efficiency of the product Roundup Ready (480 g/l glyphosate) in rates of 2.25 l/ha (1080 g/ha active substance) applied in the 3-leaf and 8-leaf phases of the cultivated hybrid (13 BBCH, and 18 BBCH, respectively). We monitored the effect of tank mixing the herbicide Roundup Ready in the 3-leaf phase in maize (BBCH 13) with products traditionally applied pre-emergently, such as acetochlor, acetochlor + terbuthylazine (CLICK PLUS), dimethenamid (SPECTRUM), pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p (WING), compared to the usual product acetochlor (GUARDIAN) applied pre-emergently or to the post-emergent herbicides nicosulphuron (MISTRAL) + dicamba (BANVEL). Researches were carried out in the experimental field area of the Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine in Timisoara, College of Agriculture, Timis County, Romania, from May to October 2010. The cultivated hybrid tolerated very well all the tested herbicides with no phytotoxicity whatsoever (note 1 EWRS grades). The most frequent weed species in the control variant (not treated) (V 1 ), in the stage 13 BBCH in maize were the monocots Setaria sp. and Sorghum halepense from rhizomes and seeds, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All the herbicides applied pre-emergently (V2 -V6) ensured a very good control of annual monocot weeds but they had no visible effect whatsoever on Sorghum halepense plants from rhizomes or on the perennial dicot species Cirsium arvense and Convolvulus arvensis After the first post-emergent herbicide treatment, we could see a very good control of all weed species in the variants treated with glyphosate (V3 -V6 and V8) and variants treated with glyphosate tank-mixed with different herbicides applied usually post- emergently (V9 -V12). In the variant V7 , where we used tank-mixed classical herbicides Banvel + Mistral, weed control was less efficient, even slow, with a trend to regeneration. The highest production of grain maize -- over 90.0 q/ha -- was in the variants V10 -- Acetochlor + Terbuthylazine (CLICK PLUS) + Glyphosate + Glyphosate, V 12 -- Dimethenamid -- P + Pendimethalin (WING) + Glyphosate + Glyphosate and V11 -- Dimethenamid (SPECTRUM) + Glyphosate + Glyphosate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show the efficacy of controlling the weed species Convolvulus arvensis L., popularly called field bindweed, in grain maize and winter wheat, using a diversified range of post- emergent herbicides. The scientific research starts with a description of the general aspects of weed control in grain maize and winter wheat in general, and of Convolvulus arvensis L., in particular, a species considered a weed problem for crops. In our research, we have tested 7 herbicides controlling weeds in grain maize and winter wheat in general, and Convolvulus arvensis L., in particular. As a result of our research, w have obtained results concerning the total number of weeds/m² in the control variant in grain maize and winter wheat and the share percentage, as well as results concerning grain maize yield in q/ha in both control and treated variants. We have noted 15 weed species in grain maize and winter wheat, i.e. 238 weeds/m² in grain maize and 62 weeds/m² in winter wheat, while field bindweed was represented by 23.3 plants/m² and 13.11 plants/m², respectively. We can see that, as far as exclusive control of the species Convolvulus arvensis L. is concerned, the best results were in the variants treated with Buctril Universal (0.8-1 l/ha), with a control percentage of 85.97%, while the highest yields in grain maize were recorded in the variants treated with Buctril Universal (0.8-1 l/ha), with yields of de 81.48 q/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a few aspects concerning the control of weeds in winter wheat and grain maize, among which Rubus caesius L., a problem species popularly called dewberry. We describe materials and methods used in the control of problem weeds, that helped us monitor the control degree in percentage of dicot weeds, in general, and of the species Rubus caesius L., in particular, as well as winter wheat and grain maize yields in q/ha in both treated and not treated variants in the years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. We present research results concerning the total number of weeds/m² in the control variant in winter wheat and in grain maize as well as the participation share. In winter wheat, we observed in the years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 a number of 11 weed species, the total number of weeds per m² being 77, with a participation share of 100%, and in grain maize in the years 2009 and 2010, 11 weed species, the total number of weeds per m being 282, with a participation share of 100%. Dewberry was present in winter wheat with a number of 4.65 weeds/m with a participation share of 5.5%, while in grain maize there were 24.2 weeds/m² with a participation share of 8.58%. The most efficient diminution of dewberry shoots in winter wheat was ensured by the herbicide Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with a control degree of 93.70%. A weed control above 90% was also in the variants treated with Premiant (1 l/ha) 93.46% and Ceredin Super (1 l/ha) 93.31%, Lancelot 450 WG (30 g/ha) and Buctril Universal (1 l/ha) 90.84%. The most efficient diminution of dewberry shoots in grain maize was ensured by the herbicide Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with a control degree of 85.97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]