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We report a case of prolonged post-operative stridor in a full-term neonate who was operated for tracheoesophageal fistula. Initial evaluation including an endoscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was normal. Repeat endoscopic evaluation under anesthesia revealed tight aryepiglottic folds. Aryepiglottic split was performed and stridor improved dramatically. Tight aryepiglottic folds should be kept in differential diagnosis in a case of postoperative stridor in an infant., (© The Author [2017]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Aim: To study the effect of nonclosure of rectourethral (RU) fistula and to do a comparative analysis of the complications with and without nonclosure of RU fistula during posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) in anorectal malformation cases (ARM)., Materials and Methods: A total of 68 cases of ARM were included in the study group, of which 34 cases were those in whom RU fistula was not closed (group A) during PSARP. Another 34 successive cases were included in study group B in whom the RU fistula was closed as is conventionally done by using interrupted sutures., Results: Comparatively, group A had none or minimum urological complications as compared to Group B., Conclusion: RU fistula closure is not mandatory during PSARP and nonclosure avoids urological complications. It especially avoids urethral complications, which are 100% preventable.

We describe a neonate in whom a right congenital diaphragmatic hernia and an anorectal malformation coexisted. Their coexistence in the same patient is rare., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cobalt alone and in combination with tungsten carbide known as hard metal is capable of causing lung damage. This may vary from development of pulmonary oedema to asthma and fibrosing alveolitis. We report a case of giant cell interstitial pneumonitis caused by exposure to cobalt dust which was not identified as the etiological agent initially and hence led to progression of the disease. The patient subsequently improved following cessation of exposure and treatment with oral corticosteriods, thereby stressing the importance of occupational history in all cases of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

It was observed from the literature that the incidence, clinical and radiological features of the mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are different in adults than in infant population. Five cases of bronchogenic cysts in the middle mediastinum were studied over a period of 22 years. The cysts were carina-based in four cases and paratracheal in one case. The airway compression was observed in four cases due to cysts. In case one the cyst compressed the right pulmonary artery and vein as well as both mainstem bronchi causing their stenosis and bulged into the left atrial chamber.

A case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is presented. The patient had been symptomatic and had documented peripheral blood eosinophilia for 9 years. The patients having only pulmonary involvement, seem to have a good prognosis and hence must be considered as a separate subgroup of HES.

An 18-year-old woman presented with renovascular hypertension and left lower extremity claudication. Aorto-iliac angiography showed stenotic lesions in the left renal artery and the left common iliac artery. For uncontrolled hypertension, nephrectomy was performed and histopathology of the renal artery showed intimal fibroplasia, an uncommon type of fibromuscular dysplasia. The left common iliac artery lesions were treated with directional atherectomy, which produced excellent immediate angiographic and symptomatic improvement.

To our knowledge this report describes the first case of a large hydatid cyst involving the full thickness of both the interatrial and interventricular septum of the heart, which was detected at autopsy. The cyst was intact. Clinically, there was complete heart block.

We report a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who had clinical and haemodynamic findings of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Histopathology proved this to be plexogenic rather than thromboembolic. We report the case to highlight this rare association.

We report a young patient who had massive pericardial effusion and tamponade diagnosed clinically and by echocardiography as the presenting manifestation of underlying malignancy. Pericardial and lymphnode biopsy revealed features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and bronchoscopy localised the primary to be in the left main bronchus.