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Uvod/Cilj. Tortura, kao poseban vid političkog nasilja, predstavlja ekstremnu primenu nasilnog ponašanja u interpersonalnim odnosima, koji za posledicu mogu imati ne samo akutne psihijatrijske poremećaje, već, veoma često snažne i dalekosežne negativne posledice po ukupno psihosocijalno funkcionisanje žrtve. Cilj ovog rada bio je ustanovljavanje međupolnih razlika kod osoba koje su pretrpele ratnu torturu, s obzirom na vrste pretrpljenog mučenja i karakteristike psihičkih posledica. Metode. Ispitanike (410 osoba muškog i 76 ženskog pola) činili su korisnici 'Centra za rehabilitaciju žrtava torture' - IAN, koji su pretrpeli mučenje u zatvorima i koncentracionim logorima za vreme građanskih ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji 1991-1995. i 1999. godine. Za evidentiranje vrsta mučenja korišćen je Upitnik o vrstama mučenja sa 81 stavkom. Za procenu karaktera i intenziteta psiholoških tegoba korišćena je skala provere simptoma-revidirana verzija (SCL-90-R), a za procenu posttraumatske simptomatologije korišćena je Skala uticaja (traumatskog) događaja - IES. Rezultati. Ustanovljena je međupolna razlika prema tipu pretrpljenog mučenja kod 33 vrste torture; 28 su bili češće zastupljeni kod osoba muškog pola, a 5 kod osoba ženskog pola. Faktorska analiza pokazala je postojanje tri faktora koja objašnjavaju 29% ukupne varijanse i protumačeni su kao 'obična tortura', 'sadistička tortura' i 'seksualna tortura'. Diskriminativna analiza ukazala je na značajno razlikovanje među polovima s obzirom na dobijene faktore: kod muškaraca bili su značajno češće prisutni 'obična tortura' i 'sadistička tortura', a kod žena 'seksualna tortura'. Analizom SCL-90-R ustanovljeno je da su aktuelne psihološke tegobe značajno veće kod osoba ženskog pola u dimenzijama somatizacije, depresivnosti, anksioznosti, opsesivnosti i interpersonalne senzitivnosti. Generalni skor na IES i skor na supskalama 'nametanja' traumatskih događaja i 'izbegavanja' socijalnih interakcija bio je značajno veći kod žena nego kod muškaraca. Zaključak. Žene izložene ratnoj torturi bile su kraće i ređe izložene mučenju nego muškarci, ali imaju značajnije izražene posttraumatske tegobe i druge psihičke smetnje. Ustanovljene međupolne razlike u odnosu na različite forme torture, pri čemu su žene značajno češće bile izložene 'seksualnoj torturi', a muškarci 'sadističkoj' i 'običnoj' torturi, ne mogu u potpunosti objasniti češću pojavu posttraumatskih psiholoških posledica kod žena. Background/Aim. Torture for political reasons is an extreme violence in interpersonal relations resulting in not only acute psychiatric disorders but also very often in very severe and far reaching negative consequences for the overall psychosocial functioning of a victim. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in types of torture and psychological consequences in subjects who experienced war torture. Methods. A sample (410 men and 76 women) included clients of 'Centre for rehabilitation of torture victims - IAN, Belgrade' who experienced torture in prisons and concentration camps during civil wars in ex-Yugoslavia 1991-1995 and 1999. Types of Torture Questionnaire with 81 items was used for collecting data about forms of torture. Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90- R) was used for assessing type and intensity of psychological symptoms, and Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to estimate posttraumatic complaints. Results. A gender difference was found for 33 types of torture: 28 more frequent in men, and 5 in women. Factor analysis of torture types revealed three factors explaining 29% of variance: 'common torture', 'sadistic torture', and 'sexual torture'. Discriminant analysis revealed significant gender difference concerning the factors. 'Common torture' and 'sadistic torture' were more prominent in men, and 'sexual torture' was more present in women. Higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive dimensions on SCL-90-R were found in women. General score and scores of subscales (intrusion and avoidance) on IES were significantly higher in women. Conclusion. Women exposed to war torture experienced less torture techniques and shorter imprisonment than men, but had more frequent and severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms. Gender differences in posttraumatic symptomatology can not be explained exclusively by gender differences in types of torture found in this study.

Poremećaj upotrebe Interneta je psihofizički poremećaj koji podrazumeva pojavu tolerancije, simptome povlačenja, afektivne smetnje i poremećene socijalne relacije. Neurobiološki i farmakološki podaci ukazuju na sličnosti u patopsihologiji zavisnosti od opijata i patološkog kockanja, a time i na sličnosti sa poremećajem upotrebe Interneta. U osnovi navedenih problema su poremećaji centra za nagradu, koji upravlja svim oblicima ponašanja u kojima motivacija ima centralnu ulogu. CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se uporede sociodemografske karakteristike osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta, osoba koje su zavisne od opijata i kontrolne grupe. Kao i da se uporede psihološke karakteristike prema modelu Big Five i psihopatološke karakteristike, te utvrdi stepen njihove izraženosti kod osoba koje pripadaju pomenutim grupama. MATERIJAL I METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanje je koncipirano kao klinička studija preseka bazirana na metodološkom pristupu koji podrazumeva i primenu komparativne metodologije, a uz upotrebu skala procene i psihološko-psihijatrijskih baterija za procenu ličnosti. Procena je sprovođena putem sledećih upitnika: Internacionalni psihijatrijski intervju Pompidou, Skala poremećaja upotrebe Interneta, Upitnik za procenu depresivne ličnosti, Upitnik za procenu spremnosti za empatiju, Upitnik za procenu psihopatske devijacije, Upitnik za procenu samohendikepirajućeg ponašanja, Inventar Velikih Pet. Ukupan uzorak obuhvata 300 ispitanika: 100 ispitanika sa opijatskom zavisnošću, 100 ispitanika koji pokazuju simptome poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i 100 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. REZULTATI: Karakteristike ličnosti u vidu u empatije, ekstrovertnosti, prijatnosti, savesnosti, otvorenosti i saradljivosti, u manjoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Psihopatološke karakteristike ličnosti u vidu sklonosti ka depresivnom reagovanju u stresnim situacijama, samohendikepiranja i neuroticizma, u većoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu ispitanika, a psihopatske crte i agresivnost više su izražene u osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na druge dve grupe ispitanika. ZAKLJUČAK: Dobijeni rezultati daju doprinos za klasifikaciju poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i sugerišu svrstavanje u dijagnostičku kategoriju bihevioralnih zavisnosti. Kvalitativna analiza psihološke i psihopatološke fenomenologije opijatske zavisnosti i poremećaja upotrebe Interneta sugeriše njihovu zajedničku dispoziciju za adiktivne poremećaje.&nbsp, Internet use disorder is a psychophysical disorder that includes increasing tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, affective disorders and disruption of social interactions. Neurological and pharmacological data regarding its effects on the reward pathway of the human brain points at similarities with opiate addiction and pathological gambling. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was a comparison of sociodemographic characteristics of individuals suffering from Internet use disorder, individuals addicted to opiates, and a control group. The aim of this study was also to compare psychological traits of participants according to the Big Five personality traits model and psychopathological traits. METHODOLOGY: A clinical cross-sectional study was conducted using assessment scales and batteries of psychological-psychiatric tests for personality assessment. The assessment was performed using the following materials: The Pompidou international psychiatric interview, The Internet disorder scale, Questionnaire for the assessment of depressive personality, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of self-handicapping behavior, The Big Five inventory. The sample covers 300 respondents: 100 respondents with opiate addiction, 100 respondents which expressed symptoms of the Internet use disorder, and 100 respondents in the control group. RESULTS: Personality traits in the form of empathy, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and cooperativeness are expressed to a lesser degree in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addictions compared to the control group. Psychopathological personality traits in the form of tendency towards depressive responses in stressful situations, self-handicapping behavior and neuroticisms are more expressed in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addiction compared to the control group. Psychopathic traits and aggressive tendencies are more expressed in the group of individuals with opiate addiction compared to the other two groups of respondents. CONCLUSION: Results of the study support classification of the Internet use disorder in the diagnostic category ofbehavioral addictions. The qualitative analysis of psychological and psychopathological phenomenology of opiate addiction and the Internet use disorder suggest a common disposition for addictive disorders.

Uvod: Temperament predstavlja skup psiholoških osobina, to jest način, brzinu i jačinu umnog i emotivnog reagovanja svojstven pojedincu, odnosno njegovu narav, ćud, prirodu. Savremena istraživanja premorbidnog afektivnog tipa temperamenta, govore u prilog njegovog značaja u etiologiji i kliničkoj evaluaciji bolesti zavisnosti. Cilj: Utvrditi i uporediti temperament kod osoba obolelih od mentalnog poremećaja i poremećaja ponašanja zbog upotrebe opijata i zdrave populacije. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je urađeno po tipu studije preseka, i obuhvatalo je 200 ispitanika, podeljenih u dve grupe. Ispitivanu grupu činilo je 100 stabilnih zavisnika od opijata na supstitucionoj terapiji metadonom, starosti od 18 do 40 godina, bez komorbidne bolesti iz kruga psihotičnih poremećaja. U kontrolnu grupu uvršteno je 100 zdravih osoba što sličnijih sociodemografskih karakteristika sa ispitivanom grupom. Njihov temperament je određivan TEMPS-A upitnikom samoprocene. Rezultati: Utvrđeno je statistički značajno češće postojanje dominantog temperamenta kod zavisnika, kao i prisustvo depresivnog, ciklotimnog, razdražljivog i anksioznog temperamenta, koji govore u prilog osnovne razlike između zdrave populacije i populacije sa mentalnim poremećajem i poremećajem ponašanja zbog upotrebe opijata. Zaključak: Afektivni temperament, kao premorbidna karakteristika ličnosti, ima uticaja na nastanak i razvoj zavisnosti od opijata. Stoga je od značaja da se uzmu u obzir osobine hipertimnog temperamenta kao protektivnog ili depresivnog, ciklotimnog, radražljivog i anksioznog temperamenta kao rizičnih faktora u etiologiji, prevenciji i terapiji bolesti zavisnosti., Introduction: Temperament is a set of psychological characteristics, ie the speed and strength of mind and emotional reactions peculiar to the individual, or his character, temperament, nature. Modern research of the premorbid affective temperament is in favor of its significance in the etiology and clinical evaluation of substance abuse. The Aim: To determine and compare the temperament of people suffering from mental and behavioral disorders due to use of opioids and healthy population. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, and 200 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study group included stable opiate addicts on substitution therapy with methadone, aged 18 to 40 years, without co-morbid psychotic disorders. The Control group consisted of 100 healthy individuals with similar sociodemographic data as the Study group. Their temperament was determined with the TEMPS-A auto-questionnaire. Results: Statistical significance of a dominant temperament was more frequently found in the subjects with opioid dependence, as well as in depressive, cyclothymic, anxious and irritable temperament, which leads to the fundamental differences between a healthy population and a population with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of opioids. Conclusion: Affective temperament, as a premorbid personality trait, has an impact on the occurence and development of opiate dependence. Therefore, it is essential to take into account the characteristics of a hyperthymic temperament as a protective factor or depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament as risk factors in etiology, prevention and treatment of addiction.

Uvod: Pripadnici profesionalnog vojnog sastava su izloženi velikom broju stresora kako u toku ratnih tako i u mirnodopskim uslovima koji mogu dovesti do skrivenih ili manifestnih poremećaja, prvenstveno anksioznih i depresivnih, ali i razvoja sindroma sagorevanja na radu. U suočavanju sa svakodnevnim stresom, a sa ciljem redukcija tegoba koriste se mehanizmi odbrane. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje uticaja mehanizama odbrane i subjektivne procene kvaliteta života kod profesionalnih vojnih lica (PVL) Vojske Srbije sa sindromom sagorevanja na radu. Metodologija: U istraživanje (studija preseka) je bilo uključeno 311 pripadnika Vojske Srbije starosti od 25 do 55 godina, bez dijagnostikovanih psihičkih tegoba. U istraživanju su korišćeni: Upitnik za procenu mehanizama odbrane (Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40)), Maslah inventar sagorevanja (Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)), Upitnik za procenu kvaliteta života Svetske Zdravstvene Organizacije (World Health Organization Abbreviated Instrument for Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF)) i Bekov inventar anksioznosti (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)). Za obradu podataka korišćene su parametarske i neparametarske statističke metode. Rezulatati: PVL su najviše koristili zrele mehanizme odbrane, zatim neurotske, a najmanje nezrele mehanizme odbrane. Kod najvećeg broja PVL registrovana je minimalna anksioznost. PVL su najviše bili zadovoljni kvalitetom svojih socijalnih odnosa, a zatim psihičkim i fizičkim zdravljem, a najmanje uslovima sredine u kojoj su živeli i radili. Registrovan je nizak nivo sindroma sagorevanja na radu PVL na sve tri subskale sindroma sagorevanja na radu. Postojala je negativna korelacija između sindroma sagorevanja na radu i kvaliteta života. Postojala je pozitivna korelacija između anksioznosti i sve tri subskale (Emocionalna iscrpljenost, Depersonalizacija i Lično postignuće) sindroma sagorevanja; sa porastom anksioznosti, dolazilo je do rasta stepena sindroma sagorevanja. Postojala je negativna korelacija između anksioznosti i kvaliteta života; sa porastom anksioznosti opadao je kvalitet života u svim domenima. PVL sa prisutnim sindromom sagorevanja na radu koristili su nezrele mehanizme odbrane. Zreli mehanizmi odbrane su bili povezani s nižim nivoom sindroma sagorevanja, manjom anksioznošću i boljom percepcijom kvaliteta života. Humor je bio najznačajniji mehanizam odbrane u zaštiti od pojave anksioznosti. Porastom skora humora dolazilo je do porasta zadovoljstva kvalitetom života u sva četiri domena, kao i skorova zrelih mehanizama odbrane, dok je opadala emocionalna iscrpljenost i depersonalizacija kao i anksioznost. Anticipacija je negativno korelirala sa neurotskim i nezrelim mehanizmima odbrane kao i emocionalnom iscrpljenošću. Altruizam je pozitivno koreliroa sa kvalitetom fizičkog zdravlja i zadovoljstvom profesionalne sredine, a bez uticaja je na anksioznost i sindrom sagorevanja. Profesionalna vojna lica sa nižim stepenom sindroma sagorevanja na radu su bili manje anksiozni, koristili su zrele mehanizme odbrane i imali su percepciju boljeg kvaliteta života. Pol i bračno stanje PVL nisu uticali na kvalitet života, mehanizame odbrane, anksioznost i sindrom sagorevanja na radu. Stariji PVL su imali izraženiju emocionalnu iscrpljenost, lošiji kvalitet psihičkog i fizičkog zdravlja i socijalnih odnosa. PVL sa nižim obrazovanjem češće su koristili neurotske i nezrele mehanizme odbrane. Postojala je pozitivna korelacija između porasta nivoa obrazovanja i domena sredine kvaliteta života, a negativna korelacija između porasta nivoa obrazovanja i upotrebe nezrelih i neurotskih mehanizama odbrane. Postojala je pozitivna korelacija između prisustva somatske bolesti i emocionalne iscrpljenosti, depersonalizacije, anksioznosti, nezrelih mehanizama odbrane, a negativna korelacija između prisustva somatske bolesti i kvaliteta života. Zaključak: Primenom programa prevencije sindroma sagorevanja na radu kod PVL koji su pod pojačanim rizikom od njegove pojave kroz učenje veština savladavanja svakodnevnog stresa se može uticati na smanjenje anksioznosti i poboljšanje kvaliteta života. Takođe je značajna adekvatna selekcija pri raspoređivanju PVL na odgovarajuće dužnosti u okviru vojne službe, što bi im omogućilo kvalitetno funkcionisanja u okolnostima sa visokim nivoom stresa, kako u mirnodopskim, tako i u ratnim uslovima. Mere prevencije sindroma sagorevanja na radu u vojnoj sredini se odnose prvenstveno na promene individualnih faktora kao i na poboljšanje organizacionih karakteristika života i rada u vojnoj sredini. U težim slučajevima je potrebna i psihoterapijska pomoć, kao i medikamentozna. Introduction: Members of a professional military force are exposed to a large number of stressors, during the war and in peaceful conditions that can lead to hidden or manifest disorders, primarily anxiety and depression, as well as the development of burnout syndrome. In dealing with day-to-day stress, defense mechanisms are used to reduce stress. The aim of our investigation is to determine the influence of the defense mechanism and the subjective assessment of the quality of life among professional military personnel of the Serbian Armed Forces with burnout syndrome. Methodology: 311 members of the Serbian Army, aged 25 to 55, took part in the study (crosssectional study), without diagnosed mental disorders. In the investigation were used: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), World Health Organization Abbreviated Instrument for Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF)) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In statistical analysis parametric and non parametric statistical methods were used. Results: Professional military personnel (PMP) the most frequently used mature defense mechanisms, then neurotic, and the least frequently they used immature defense mechanisms. Minimum anxiety was registered in the highest number of PMP. PMP were most satisfied with the quality of their social relationships, then with physical and mental health, and the least with conditions in the environment in which they live and work. A low level of burnout syndrome was reported on all three subscales of this syndrome. There was a negative correlation between burnout syndrome and the quality of life. There was a positive correlation between anxiety and all three subscales (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Achievement) of burnout syndrome; with an increase in anxiety increases the degree of burnout syndrome. There was a negative correlation between anxiety and quality of life; with an increase in anxiety decreases quality of life in all domains. PMP with the present burnout syndrome used immature defense mechanisms. Mature defense mechanisms were connected with a lower level of burnout syndrome, anxiety was less and perception of quality of life was better. Humor was the most important defense mechanism in protection of the appearance of anxiety. The increase in the humor also increased satisfaction with the quality of life in all four domains, as well as mature defense mechanism, while emotional exhaustion and depersonalization declined as well as anxiety. Anticipation negatively correlated with neurotic and immature defense mechanisms, as well as emotional exhaustion. Altruism positively correlated with the quality of physical health and satisfaction to professional environments, without affecting the anxiety and burnout syndrome. Professional military personnel with a lower level of burnout syndrome had less anxiety, used mature defense mechanisms and had better perception of quality of life. Gender and marital status of PMP did not affect the quality of life, defense mechanisms, anxiety and burnout syndrome. The older PMP expressed emotional exhaustion, poor quality of physical and physical health and social relationships. PMP with lower education more frequently used neurotic and immature defense mechanisms. There was a positive correlation between the increase of the education level and the domains of the average quality of life, the negative correlation between the increase of the education level and the use of immature and neurotic defense mechanisms. There was a positive correlation between the presences of somatic illnesses and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and a negative correlation between the presence of somatic illnesses and the quality of life. Conclusion: Applying the burnout prevention program to PMP which are at a higher risk of developing burnout syndrome, learning the ability to deal with daily stress can be encouraged to remove anxiety and improve quality of life. Adequate professional selection is very important in deploying PVL to appropriate duties within the military service, which would enable highquality functioning in circumstances with a high level of stress, both in peacetime and in war conditions. Preventive measures of the burnout syndrome in the military environment relate primarily to changes in individual factors as well as to improve the organizational characteristics of life and work in the military environment. In severe cases, psychotherapeutic help is needed as well as medication.

Naučnu opravdanost ovo istraživanje nalazi u činjenici da je suicidologija kao naučna disciplina usmerena ka integraciji različitih teorijski uobličenih stanovišta. Fenomen je sam po sebi kompleksan i teško istraživ i kod naučne analize pokušanih, a naročito u oblasti izvršenih samoubistava (metoda psihološke autopsije). Ovo istraživanje daje doprinos razjašnjenju otvorenih pitanja o uticaju društvenih faktora na suicid. Rad afirmiše multidimenzionalnost u pristupu i analizi suicida sa ciljem potpunijeg razumevanja suicidogenih faktora koji utiču na genezu suicidalnog ponašanja. Društvena opravdanost istraživanja posebno je značajna u kontekstu razvoja društvene krize koja je u našoj zemlji eskalirala u poslednjoj deceniji dvadesetog veka. Od posebnog interesa je izučavanje faktora koji su doveli do znatnijih kolebanja stope samoubistava u ovom periodu. Ovako dobijeni podaci su od velikog značaja za razvoj savetodavnih aktivnosti, osnivanje centara za intervencije u krizi i programa za psihološku, profesionalnu i širu socijalnu podršku, odnosno na sve aktivnosti koje su usmerene na sprečavanje samoubilačkog čina. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje i provera relevantnih činjenica vezanih za promene suicidalnog ponašanja u odnosu na vid društvene krize. U istraživanju je korišćen metod psihološke autopsije osoba koje su izvršile samoubistvo na teritoriji opštine Banja Luka. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene okolnosti u kojima je samoubistvo učinjeno, koristila se postojeća medicinska dokumentacija i drugi materijalni podaci koji su sadržavali podatke o ličnom, porodičnom, profesionalnom i širem psiho-socijalnom funkcionisanju samoubice. Studija je ukazala na porast stope samoubistva u periodima društvenih kriza, kao i na to da je specifičnost suicidalnog čina u različitim oblicima društvenih kriza različita. Sa prolaskom društvene krize stopa suicida pada, ali tek nakon latentnog perioda. Značaj ove studije je što definiše povezanost društvenih kriza i izvršenih suicida, i kroz analizu dobijenih rezultata ukazuje na moguće preventivne aktivnosti koje bi u određenim periodima trebalo provoditi. The scientific validity of this study is based on the fact that suicidology as a scientific discipline is directed towards integration of various theoretically shaped aspects. The phenomenon itself is complex and there is a lack of analysis of attempted and in particular committed suicides (method of psychological autopsy). This study contributes to the clarification of open questions about the effect of social factors on suicide. Additionally, this work confirms that multidimensionality is required in access and analysis of suicides with the aim of complete understanding of the factors causing suicide and those that affect the genesis of suicidal behavior. The social validity of this study is extremely significant in the context of development of the social crisis, which escalated in the last decade of XX century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results are of importance for advisory activities, developing and establishing centers for intervention in crisis, programs for psychological, professional and wider social support, and all activities that are directed towards prevention of suicidal acts. The aim of this research was to determine and ascertain relevant facts associated with changes in suicidal behavior relative to the aspect of social crisis. Psychological autopsy of people who committed suicide on the territory of Banja Luka was performed in this study. The circumstances under which the suicides were committed were taken into consideration, as well as the existing medical documentation and the additional material data that contained the data about personal, familial, professional and broader psycho-social functioning of the person that committed suicide. The study revealed that the suicide rate in time periods of social crisis was higher. In addition, the specificity of the suicide act in various forms of social crisis was different. Finally, with the passing of the social crisis the suicide rate decreased, but only after a latent period. The importance of this study was to investigate the connection between social crisis and committed suicides, and by analyzing the results, to identify the possible prevention activities that should be carried out in time periods.

Abuse of alcohol among adolescents, as a form of dysfunctional behavior, is the topic of many scientific disciplines while connected to many psychosocial problems which may cause negative consequences in development. In most European countries as well as in Serbia, young people, biologically and psychologically vulnerable, growing up in a surrounding in which consummation of alcohol is traditionally accepted as a normal pattern of behavior, and under the complex combination of economic, social, cultural and educational processes, using irrational patterns of thinking, easily develop a set of risky patterns of behavior thus violating the quality of their lives. Establishing the existence of relation among irrational beliefs, dimensions of personality, inclination towards the abuse of alcohol and competence of adolescents, that is, establishing of factors which are connected to the appearance of alcohol abuse thus reflecting onto the competence of adolescents represents the main goal of this research. Research framework is contained in theoretical assumptions which represent the comprehension of complexity and changeability of human being, of interactive attitude of opinions, emotions and behaviours with special emphasis on differentiating of irrational from rational beliefs; also, dimensions of personality model `Great Five`, competences of adolescents, the quality of relation between parents and children within the context of relation to alcohol abuse in adolescent age. The research has been conducted on a sample of 570 adolescents who belong to non-clinical population. The following instruments have been used: questionnaire for gathering of general data, instrument for self-evaluation of adolescent personality dimensions `Big Five`, scale of general attitudes and beliefs - GABS 55, questionnaire for competence assessment of adolescents - BEL INDEKS, scale for determining of abuse of substances – AUDIT and scale for determining of quality of relation between parents and adolescents – KOBI. Factors research results which contribute to the abuse of alcohol and to manifestation of adolescents competences, to a large degree have shown the existence of common etiological base which is reflected in a complex joint action of many inner factors such as: personality dimensions and adolescents beliefs as well as quality of family interaction, where personality dimensions like openness, rational beliefs, acceptance by a mother and work wise - action competences singled out as the most significant factors which contribute to the development of competences. The most important factors connected to the alcohol abuse among adolescents are: personality dimensions such as: openness, being cooperative, self-devaluation, mother`s acceptance, male sex and school success.

Uvod : Shizofrenija kao mentalno oboljenje nosi povišen suicidalni rizik. Depresija u shizofreniji daje poseban aspekt u proučavanju suicidalnih faktora. Cilj: Istraživanje karakteristika emocionalnog profila i kliničke forme shizofrenije kao prediktora depresivnosti i mogućeg suicidalnog rizika u shizofreniji. Metod : Studija je dizajnirana kao slučaj-kontrola studija preseka koja uključuje pacijenate sa dijagnozom shizofrenije F20 po ICD-10 kriterijumima, u fazi inicijalne remisije ( CGI-I skor 2 ili 1), starosne dobi od 18 do 60 godina, na lečenju u Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti “ Dr Laza Lazarević“. Grupu slučaj čine N = 53 pacijeta sa depresijom i suicidalnim rizikom u shizofreniji, a grupu kontrola N = 159 pacijenta sa shizofrenijom bez depresije i suicidalnog rizika.Instrumenti istraživanja su: CDSS za potvrdu depresije i suicidalnog rizika u shizofreniji, PANSS, PIE –JRS za utvđivanje emoconalnog profila i semistrukturisani intervju za prikupljanje dodatnih podataka. Rezultati :1. Intenzitet negativnih simptoma shizofrenije je značajno veći kod pacijenata koji ispoljavaju depresivnost i suicidalni rizik u fazi inicijalne remisije. 2.Emocionalni profil ličnosti pacijenata sa depresijom i suicidalnim rizikom u shizofreniji ima povišen skor na dimenzijama lišenost, agresivnost, odbacivanje, a niske skorove na dimenzijama zaštita, inkorporacija i reprodukcija. 3. Rad na boljoj psihofarmakoterapijskoj komplijansi i psihoedukaciji pacijenata obolelih od shizofrenije i njihove porodice umanjuje rizik od razvoja depresije u shizofreniji i smanjuje suicidalni rizik. Zaključak : Multiplim logističkim modelom kao prediktori depresivnosti i suicidalnog rizika izdvojeni su : dominacija negativnog sindroma i loša psihofarmakoterapijska kompijansa. Konstelacija dokazanog povišenog depresivnog potencijala i suicidalni rizika nameće potrebu primene preventivnih mera. Introduction : As a mental illness, schizophrenia carries an increased suicide risk. The depression in schizophrenia presents a special aspect of the study of suicidal factors. Aim : The study of the characteristics of the emotional profile and clinical form of schizophrenia as a predictor of the depression and possible suicidal risk in schizophrenia. Method : The study was designed as a case-control and cross-section study, involving patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia F20, according to ICD-10 criteria, in the initial stage of remission (CGI-I score of 2 or 1), aged 18 to 60 and treated at the Clinic for psychiatric diseases, "Dr Laza Lazarević". The case group was consisted of N = 53 patients with the depression and suicidal risk in schizoprenia and the control group of N = 159 patients with schizophrenia without the depression and suicidal risk. Survey instruments were: CDSS to confirm the depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia, PANSS, PIE-JRS to determine the emotional profile and semi-structured interviews to gather additional data. Results : 1) The intensity of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is significantly higher in patients who exhibit the depression and suicide risk in the stage of initial remission. 2) Emotional profile of the patients’ personality with the depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia has increased scores in the dimensions of deprivation, aggression, rejection, and low scores in the dimensions of protection, incorporation and reproduction. 3) Work on better psychopharmacotherapy compliance and psychoeducation of patients with schizophrenia and their families reduces the risk of depression in schizophrenia and the suicide risk. Conclusion : In multiple logistic model the following was singled out as predictors of depression and suicidal risk: predominance of the negative syndrome and poor compliance with psychopharmacotherapy. The constellation of the proven increased depressive potential and suicidal risk necessitates the application of preventive measures.