Search

The study's objective is to provide a rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective RP-HPLC assay technique for the simultaneous quantification of domperidone and cinnarizine in pharmaceutical bulk. Domperidone and cinnarizine in bulk have been successfully separated using this approach. Separation was carried out at 226 nm on a C18 SunfireTM (5 m, 250 mm 4.6 mm) analytical column using an Orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (60:40) mobile phase operating in isocratic elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Domperidone had a retention time of 2.52 minutes, whereas Cinnarizine's was 5.18 minutes. PDA detection at 226 nm based on peak area with linear calibration curve in concentration ranges of 0-5 g/ml (0.9999) and 0-25 g/ml (0.9996) allowed for accurate quantitation of Domperidone and Cinnarizine, respectively. Domperidone and cinnarizine had LODs of 0.3325 and 0.615 g/ml, respectively. The suggested approach is well-suited for use in qualitycontrol labs for bulk quantitative analysis of the medications, both alone and in combination, since it is straightforward and quick while maintaining high accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraquat (PQ), a highly popular agricultural herbicide, is a serious occupational hazard with lethality reported at doses as low as 35 mg/kg body weight with intoxication occurring via inhalation or dermal route. The main objective of this study was to determine the median lethal concentration (LCt50) of paraquat through whole body exposure in adult male Wistar rats. Aerosolized PQ dissolved in water was delivered in a dose-dependent manner, to fully conscious rats confined in whole body plethysmograph (WBP), in a nebulized form with concentrations ranging from 40–200 mg/kg of air over a 4 h exposure period. Animals were observed up to 24–48 h post-exposure to observe any lethality. LCt50 estimates (±95% confidence interval) were obtained from the sequential stage-wise experiments using probit analysis. Rat lungs were examined radiologically and histopathologically. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis determined the correlation of PQ accumulation in the lungs with the actual exposed dose of PQ. The actual LCt50 was found to be 218 g·min/m3 whereas 57.9 ± 2.90 µg/g of PQ accumulated in the lungs of each lifeless animal. All animals exhibited severe respiratory changes and pulmonary abnormalities. This study demonstrated that when compared with the actually exposed dose, the amount of PQ that accumulated in the lungs was very low, but enough to cause death in 50% of animal population and cause pulmonary abnormalities in each of the experimental animal. The PQ exposure carried out in WBP also facilitated the dermal absorption of aerosolized PQ, which replicated the real-life situation in workers operating with PQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gramine is a natural indole alkaloid that has been isolated from different raw plants occurring mainly inAvena sativa, etc. The study was aimed to investigate the possiblein vitroantioxidant,in vitromutagenic,in vitroantimutagenic, andin vivogenotoxic activity of gramine using ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, Metal chelating, Ames bacterial reverse mutation test, and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay as well as chromosomal aberration. Four concentrations of gramineviz.250, 500, 1000, and 2000 μg/mL were evaluated for its antioxidant activity in FRAP Assay and Metal Chelating Test. Four concentrations of gramine (1250 μg/plate, 2500 μg/plate, 5000 μg/plate, and 10 000 μg/plate) were employed inSalmonella typhimuriumstrains to study the mutagenicity in the presence and absence of standard mutagens, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), sodium azide (SA), and 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF). Three doses, i.e. 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 × the LD50of gramine (i.e. 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) were administered orally to either sex of Swiss albino mice for 48 h to study the genotoxic activity in micronucleus assay as well as chromosomal aberration. Gramine showed potent antioxidant activity in both the assay. Gramine at the given dose lacks mutagenicity as well as found to possess antimutagenic efficacy. Interestingly, S9 enzymes increase the antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent manner. There was no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), as well as no significant difference in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was observed between the gramine groups and the negative groups but percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) is found to be higher in all the gramine groups. These results indicate significant antioxidant, non-mutagenic as well as non-genotoxic activity of graminein vitroandin vivoin the given doses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Plant bioactive are being used since the early days of medicinal discovery for their various therapeutic activities and are safer compared to modern medicines. According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 180,000 deaths from burns occur every year with the majority in countries. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in this domain, with numerous plant bioactive and their various nanoformulations demonstrating promising preclinical burn wound healing activity and identified plant-based nanotechnology of various materials through some variations of cellular mechanisms. A comprehensive search was conducted on scientific databases like PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant literature on burn wound, plants, nano formulations and in vivo studies from 1990 to 2024. From a total of approximately 180 studies, 40 studies were screened out following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which reported 40 different plants and plant extracts with their various nano-formulations (NFs) that were used against burn wounds preclinically. This study provides the current scenario of naturally-derived targeted therapy, exploring the impact of natural products on various nanotechnology in burn wound healing on a preclinical model. This comprehensive review provides the application of herbal nanoformulations (HBNF) for the treatment of burn wounds. Natural products and their derivatives may include many unidentified bioactive chemicals or untested nano-formulations that might be useful in today's medical toolbox. Mostly, nano-delivery system modulates the bioactive compound's effectiveness on burn wounds and increases compatibility by suppressing inflammation. However, their exploration remains incomplete, necessitating possible pathways and mechanisms of action using clinical models., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)