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It was globally accepted that allowing Birth companion during labour and child birth is a core component for improving quality care for maternal and child health. But this concept is not universally applied to all health facility. So the researcher conducted “A study to assess effectiveness of presence of birth companion for intranatal women on maternal wellbeing and informative communication in selected government hospitals in West Bengal." The purpose of the study was to assess effectiveness of presence of birth companion for intranatal women on maternal wellbeing and informative communication. A descriptive evaluative research design was adopted to collect data among 64 (with birth companion-32, without birth companion-32) intranatal women selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by validated and reliable observational checklist (part A), (part B) structured interview schedule and semi structured interview schedule (r=0.82, 0.76, 0.77). Finding revealed that all intranatal women with birth companion received more comfort measures for maternal wellbeing (deep slow breathing 53.13%, back rub 100%, ambulation 87.5%, micturition 62.5% intake sip of water 100% and continuous reassurance 100%) compare to without birth companion (deep slow breathing 28.13%, back rub 21.87%, ambulation 56.25%, micturition 53.13% intake sip of water 56.25% and continuous reassurance 59.37%). Study also revealed that most intranatal women with birth companion felt more comfort after practicing deep slow breathing (25%), back rub (84.37%), ambulating (31.25%), intake sip of water (53.13%) compare to only 6.25% intranatal women without birth companion felt more comfort after intake sip of water and other area those were received comfort measures felt little comfort. Another findings of this study was that most of the intranatal women with birth companion received information about intake fluid (100%), slow walking (34.37%), foetal wellbeing and lie in left lateral position (96.87%), birthing position (100%) and bearing down effort during child birth (96.87%) compare to intranatal women without birth companion received information about intake fluid (56.25%), slow walking (31.25%), foetal wellbeing and lie in left lateral position (87.5%), birthing position (100%) and bearing down effort during child birth (93.75%) during their 1st stage of labour. The main finding was that there was significant difference in maternal wellbeing in terms of comfort level after receiving comfort measures for maternal wellbeing between intranatal women with and without birth companion (t=7.77 at df (62), p37 weeks 1.63 times higher than

Early interpolation based data hiding methods embed one secret information with lower hiding capacity and suffer visual distortion with security loophole caused by the hidden message embedding. In this paper, we have proposed a secured high capacity reversible data hiding technique for multiple secrets using image interpolation with bit reversal permutation to overcome the said problem. Multiple secret messages are encrypted using bit reversal permutation before embedding within cover image to make it more robust and secure. Here, we proposed a mechanism which divides a fixed length sub-message into two values for each (4 × 4) overlapping block. Then one value is added and another is subtracted from two adjacent interpolated pixels to minimize the image distortion. Two interpolated pixels are calculated between each adjacent pixels to increase the embedding capacity. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than other state-of-the-art interpolation based data hiding methods. Moreover, the proposed scheme has a low-time complexity with good visual quality. Finally, some standard steganographic analysis is used to measure the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The intended result brought some remarkable sublime features to the limelight in the area of image verification, tamper identification and electronic forgery detection without which the technical life is hindered. This scheme profits enormously from numerous aspects of government and private sector including health-care, economic protection, defence, intellectual property rights and so on.

Feeding problem remains a common problem among preterm neonates. An experimental study was undertaken to assess the effect of oromotor stimulation on feeding and sucking performance of preterm neonates admitted in selected hospital, west Bengal. Quasi experimental time series design was adopted. From the population of preterm neonates 60 samples (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. After selection, initially the baseline data was collected using a record analysis proforma. On the 1st day sucking and feeding performance scoring was done before giving the oromotor stimulation to ascertain the homogeneity of the experimental and control group. After that in two consecutive feeding, oromotor stimulation was given to the neonates in experimental group before 15 minutes of the feeding. The intervention was given to the neonates in experimental group for the next two days, twice only in two consecutive feeding. Neonates in control group received routine care. Sucking and feeding performance scoring was done in both groups using a standardized non-nutritive sucking scoring scale and a validated and reliable early feeding performance scale. The result showed that there is significant difference in sucking performance (t=3.60, p

The most common cause of maternal death worldwide is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and Active Management of Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL) is the most important prophylactic intervention for prevention of PPH. A study was undertaken to assess the effect of AMTSL with and without uterine massage on maternal outcome among postnatal mothers in a selected hospital, WB. In this quasi-experimental study, Total 60 (Experimental Group-30, Control Group-30) postnatal mothers who undergone spontaneous vaginal delivery were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique followed by randomization. The uterine massage is applied for 1 min immediately after placental delivery to 2 hours of postpartum at every 15 mins interval. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference of mean amount of postpartum bleeding between experimental and control group at 1st hour, 2nd hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours [t1= 1.06, t2= 1.52, t3=0.47, t4=0.26 at df (58), p>0.05]. The general condition (BP, Pulse, Respiration) after 1st hour, 2nd hour, 24 hours and 48 hours were comparable and statistically not significant between the two groups. There was no significant association between amount of postpartum bleeding and obstetrical parameters like parity, gravida, POG, presence of episiotomy, birth weight, time of placental delivery, presence of tear and time of initiation of breast feeding etc. for both groups. Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the mothers who received the uterine massage along with AMTSL get no additional benefit as compared to control group. Keywords: Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL); Uterine massage; Maternal outcome; Postnatal mother.

Hidden data communication through image interpolation is a challenging research issue in the field of information hiding, which maintains the tradeoff between payload and quality. This paper presents an improved interpolation-based data hiding schemes. Tang et al. proposed a high-capacity steganographic scheme through multi-layer embedding (CRS) with average embedding capacity 1.79 bpp with nearly 34 dB PSNR. To improve the interpolation-based data hiding scheme, we proposed an advanced data hiding scheme which divides a fixed length sub-message into floor and ceiling values. Then one value is added and another is subtracted from two adjacent interpolated pixels to minimize the image distortion. Here, two interpolated pixels are calculated between each adjacent pixels to increase the embedding capacity. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than other existing interpolation methods such as NMI, IMP, and CRS. Moreover, the suggested scheme has a low-time complexity and provide good visual quality.

Short intervals between births are linked with higher maternal and child mortality and morbidity. A descriptive survey was undertaken to assess follow up services received from health care providers to PPIUCD users, identification of problems and their satisfaction in selected rural community, West Bengal. The conceptual framework was based on modified Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Service Utilization. Simple random sampling technique (lottery method) was used to select 120 PPIUCD users as study subject. A valid (by 6 experts) and reliable structured interview schedule, physical assessment pro forma and rating scale was used to collect the data. The result of the study revealed 35% women received follow up services after PPIUCD insertion. Out of which 60% came to the health centre and 40% user having follow up check-up at their home after PPIUCD insertion. Most (78%) of the users did not visit to the health facility after PPICD insertion. Among 78%, majority (55%) did not visit to the health facility due to they are doing well. As per the history 5.26% of 6-12months users having the problem of heavy bleeding.12.06% of users of 1-3 months having the problem of irregular bleeding.8.62% of users of 1-3 months having the problem of missed period. 12.5% of users of 3-6 months having the problem of abdominal pain. 1.73% of users of 1-3 months having the problem of fever. As per the examination majority (53%) of the users having anaemia. Among them maximum 48.44% of 1-3 months users having mild anaemia, few (6.25%) of 3-6 months users having moderate anaemia whereas, 6.25% of 1-3 months users having severe anaemia. Most (92.50%) of the women were moderately satisfied. No significant association found between all identified problems with the selected demographic variables (age, parity, educational level and socio-economic class). A significant association was found between follow up services and satisfaction (Chi square df (2) =11.73*, p, {"references":["Population Stabilization Program: RCH Context---State Family Welfare Bureue, Dept. of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of West Bengal.","Dutta DC (2004), Text Book of Obstetrics. 7th ed. Kolkata: New Delhi Book Agency, pp. 532−550.","WHO (1999), Health situation in South East Asia Region 1994-1997,Regional Office for SEAR, New Delhi.","Census of India, Office of the Directorate of the Census, Bihar, Patna. Available from URL:htt://www. Census-india.govt.in2011& SRS 2016.","Journal of ICMR, Task Force. Contraception1994, Volume 50, Issue 125."]}