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2. On the Raman Spectrum of Plutonium dioxide: vibrational and crystal electric field modes

Author

Naji, M., Magnani, N., Bonales, L. J., Mastromarino, S., Colle, J. -Y., Cobos, J., and Manara, D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, J.2
Abstract

The Raman spectrum of plutonium dioxide is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Particular attention has been devoted to the identification of high-energy modes at $2120$ cm$^{-1}$ and $2625$ cm$^{-1}$, the attribution of which has so far been controversial. The temperature dependence of both modes suggests an electronic origin. Crystal Field (CF) calculations reported in this work shows that these two modes can be respectively assigned to the ${\Gamma}_{1}$ $\rightarrow$ ${\Gamma}_{5}$ and ${\Gamma}_{1}$ $\rightarrow $ ${\Gamma}_{3}$ CF transitions within the $^{5}I_{4}$ manifold. These two modes, together with the only vibrational line foreseen by the group theory for the Fm${-3}$m PuO$_{2}$ symmetry the T$_{2g}$ PuO stretching mode observed at $478$ cm$^{-1}$ can thus be used as Raman fingerprint of fcc plutonium dioxide., Comment: 15 pages

Published
2016
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4. Self-care and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review of sex-related differences

Author

Baroni, I, Arrigoni, C, Caruso, R, Magon, A, Villa, G, Manara, D, Ausili, D, Dellafiore, F, Baroni I., Arrigoni C., Caruso R., Magon A., Villa G., Manara D. F., Ausili D., Dellafiore F., Baroni, I, Arrigoni, C, Caruso, R, Magon, A, Villa, G, Manara, D, Ausili, D, Dellafiore, F, Baroni I., Arrigoni C., Caruso R., Magon A., Villa G., Manara D. F., Ausili D., and Dellafiore F.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Self-care is associated with clinical outcomes of adults with T1DM. Some evidence highlighted significant sex-related differences in self-care behaviors in this population. However, the literature on this topic has not been synthesized before. This study aimed to summarize, critically review, and interpret evidence regarding sex-related differences in adults' self-care behaviors with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search of articles in the following databases was performed: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL. Articles published from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and flowchart were used to support the systematic review and study reporting. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from the included articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: From the 596 identified records, only 15 articles were included because pertinent to this review. Both females and males with T1DM must improve their ability to respond to signs and symptoms when they occur. Females are more likely to perform adequate blood glucose monitoring and adequate diet than males. In contrast, males are more likely to show more adequate levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should pay greater attention to supporting females with T1DM to enhance their behaviors for maintaining an adequate health status and glycemic control. Likely, greater attention is required to sustain males to monitor changes in their signs and symptoms. Self-care management should be improved in both sexes.

Published
2023

25. The experience of urostomy patients: a literature review

Author

Villa G., Maculotti D., Paterlini M., Boarin M., Manara D. F., Villa G., Maculotti D., Paterlini M., Boarin M., Manara D.F., Villa, G., Maculotti, D., Paterlini, M., Boarin, M., and Manara, D. F.

Published
2022

26. ESICM LIVES 2016: part two: Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016

Author

Sivakumar, S., Taccone, F. S., Desai, K. A., Lazaridis, C., Skarzynski, M., Sekhon, M., Henderson, W., Griesdale, D., Chapple, L., Deane, A., Williams, L., Strickland, R., Lange, K., Heyland, D., Chapman, M., Rowland, M. J., Garry, P., Westbrook, J., Corkill, R., Antoniades, C. A., Pattinson, K. T., Fatania, G., Strong, A. J., Myers, R. B., Lazaridis, C., Jermaine, C. M., Robertson, C. S., Rusin, C. G., Hofmeijer, J., Sondag, L., Tjepkema-Cloostermans, M. C., Beishuizen, A., Bosch, F. H., van Putten, M. J. A. M., Carteron, L., Patet, C., Solari, D., Oddo, M., Ali, M. A., Dias, C., Almeida, R., Vaz-Ferreira, A., Silva, J., Monteiro, E., Cerejo, A., Rocha, A. P., Elsayed, A. A., Abougabal, A. M., Beshey, B. N., Alzahaby, K. M., Pozzebon, S., Ortiz, A. Blandino, Cristallini, S., Lheureux, O., Brasseur, A., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Taccone, F. S., Hravnak, M., Yousef, K., Chang, Y., Crago, E., Friedlander, R. M., Abdelmonem, S. A., Tahon, S. A., Helmy, T. A., Meligy, H. S., Puig, F., Dunn-Siegrist, I., Pugin, J., Gupta, S., Govil, D., Srinivasan, S., Patel, S. J., N, J. K., Gupta, A., Tomar, D. S., Shafi, M., Harne, R., Arora, D. P., Talwar, N., Mazumdar, S., Papakrivou, E. E., Makris, D., Manoulakas, E., Tsolaki, B., Karadodas, B., Zakynthinos, E., Garcia, I. Palacios, Martin, A. Diaz, Encinares, V. Sanchez, Ibañez, M. Pachón, Montero, J. Garnacho, Labrador, G., Cangueiro, T. Cebrero, Poulose, V., Koh, J., Kam, J. W., Yeter, H., Kara, A., Aktepe, O., Topeli, A., Tsolakoglou, I., Intas, G., Stergiannis, P., Kolaros, A. A., Chalari, E., Athanasiadou, E., Martika, A., Fildisis, G., Faivre, V., Mengelle, C., Favier, B., Payen, D., Poppe, A., Winkler, M. S., Mudersbach, E., Schreiber, J., Wruck, M. L., Schwedhelm, E., Kluge, S., Zöllner, C., Tavladaki, T., Spanaki, A. M., Dimitriou, H., Kondili, E., Choulaki, C., Meleti, E., Kafetzopoulos, D., Georgopoulos, D., Briassoulis, G., la Torre, A. García-de, de la Torre-Prados, M. V., Tsvetanova-Spasova, T., Nuevo-Ortega, P., Rueda-Molina, C., Fernández-Porcel, A., Camara-Sola, E., Salido-Díaz, L., García-Alcántara, A., Tavladaki, T., Spanaki, A. M., Dimitriou, H., Kondili, E., Choulaki, C., Meleti, D. E., Kafetzopoulos, D., Georgopoulos, D., Briassoulis, G., Suberviola, B., Riera, J., Rellan, L., Sanchez, M., Robles, J. C., Lopez, E., Vicente, R., Miñambres, E., Santibañez, M., Le Guen, M., Moore, J., Mason, N., Windpassinger, M., Plattner, O., Mascha, E., Sessler, D. I., Research, Outcomes, Melia, U., Fontanet, J., van den Berg, J. P., Struys, M. M. R. F., Vereecke, H. E. M., Jensen, E. W., Rood, P. J. T., van de Schoor, F., van Tertholen, K., Pickkers, P., van den Boogaard, M., Beardow, Z. J., Redhead, H., Paramasivam, K., Numan, T., van den Boogaard, M., Kamper, A. M., Rood, P., Peelen, L. M., Zeman, P. M., Slooter, A. J., van Ewijk, C. E., Jacobs, G. E., Girbes, A. R. J., Myatra, S. N., Harish, M. M., Prabu, N. R., Siddiqui, S., Kulkarni, A. P., Divatia, J. V., Murbach, L. D., Leite, M. A., Osaku, E. F., Costa, C. R. L. M., Pelenz, M., Neitzke, N. M., Moraes, M. M., Jaskowiak, J. L., Silva, M. M. M., Zaponi, R. S., Abentroth, L. R. L., Ogasawara, S. M., Jorge, A. C., Duarte, P. A. D., Hernández-Sánchez, N., Sánchez-Hurtado, L. A., García-Guillen, F. J., Ñamendys-Silva, S. A., Maghsoudi, B., Emami, M., Khosravi, M. B., Zand, F., Tabatabaie, H. R., Masjedi, M., Sabetiyan, G., Mokri, A., Troubleyn, J., Diltoer, M., Jacobs, R., Nguyen, D. N., De Waele, E., De Regt, J., Honoré, P. M., Van Gorp, V., Spapen, H. D., Contreras, R. S., Toapanta, N. D., Moreno, G., Sabater, J., Torrado, H., Gonzalez, M., Marin, M., Farigola, E., Gonzalez, A., Fernandez, J., Vera, A., Gisbert, X., Juliá, C., Uya, J., Corral, L., Elias-Jones, I., Gemmell, L., MacKay, A., Randall, D., Adwaney, A., Blunden, M., Prowle, J. R., Kirwan, C. J., Thomas, N., Martin, A., Owen, H., Darwin, L., Conway, D., Atkinson, D., Sharman, M., Moore, J., Barbanti, C., Amour, J., Gaudard, P., Rozec, B., Mauriat, P., M’rini, M., Leger, P. L., Cambonie, G., Liet, J. M., Girard, C., Laroche, S., Damas, P., Assaf, Z., Loron, G., Lecourt, L., Pouard, P., Randall, D., Adwaney, A., Blunden, M., Prowle, J.R., Kirwan, C. J., Kim, S. H., Na, S., Kim, J., Oh, S. Y., Jung, C. W., Yoo, S. H., Min, S. H., Chung, E. J., Lee, H., Lee, N. J., Lee, K. W., Suh, K. S., Ryu, H. G., Marshall, D. C., Goodson, R. J., Salciccioli, J. D., Shalhoub, J., Potter, E. K., Kirk-Bayley, J., Karanjia, N. D., Forni, L. G., Creagh-Brown, B. C., Bossy, M., Nyman, M., Tailor, A., Creagh-Brown, B., D’Antini, D., Spadaro, S., Valentino, F., Sollitto, F., Cinnella, G., Mirabella, L., Calvo, F. J. Redondo, Bejarano, N., Padilla, D., Baladron, V., Villajero, P., Villazala, R., Redondo, J., Yuste, A. S., Liu, J., Shen, F., Teboul, J. L., Anguel, N., Beurton, A., Bezaz, N., Richard, C., Monnet, X., Fossali, T., Colombo, R., Ottolina, D., Rossetti, M., Mazzucco, C., Marchi, A., Porta, A., Catena, E., Tollisen, K. H., Andersen, G. Ø., Heyerdahl, F., Jacobsen, D., de Waard, M. C., Girbes, A. R. J., van IJzendoorn, M. C. O., Buter, H., Kingma, W. P., Navis, G. J., Boerma, E. C., Rulisek, J., Balik, M., Zacharov, S., Kim, H. S., Jeon, S. J., Namgung, H., Lee, E., Lee, E., Cho, Y. J., Lee, Y. J., Huang, A., Cioccari, L., Luethi, N., Mårtensson, J., Bellomo, R., Forsberg, M., Edman, G., Höjer, J., Forsberg, S., Freile, M. T. Chiquito, Hidalgo, F. N., Molina, J. A. Martinez, Lecumberri, R., Rosselló, A. Figuerola, Travieso, P. Medrano, Leon, G. Tuero, Sanchez, J. Gonzalez, Frias, L. Sahuquillo, Rosello, D. Balsells, Verdejo, J. A. Garcia, Serrano, J. A. Noria, Winterwerp, D., van Galen, T., Vazin, A., Karimzade, I., Zand, A., Ozen, E., Ekemen, S., Akcan, A., Sen, E., Yelken, B. Buyukkidan, Kureshi, N., Fenerty, L., Thibault-Halman, G., Erdogan, M., Walling, S., Green, R. S., Clarke, D. B., Briassoulis, P., Kalimeris, K., Ntzouvani, A., Nomikos, T., Papaparaskeva, K., Politi, E., Kostopanagiotou, G., Crewdson, K., Rehn, M., Weaver, A., Brohi, K., Lockey, D., Wright, S., Thomas, K., Baker, C., Mansfield, L., Stafford, V., Wade, C., Watson, G., Bryant, A., Chadwick, T., Shen, J., Wilkinson, J., Furneval, J., Henderson, A., Hugill, K., Howard, P., Roy, A., Bonner, S., Baudouin, S., Ramírez, C. Sánchez, Escalada, S. Hípola, Viera, M. A. Hernández, Santana, M. Cabrera, Balcázar, L. Caipe, Monroy, N. Sangil, Campelo, F. Artiles, Vázquez, C. F. Lübbe, Santana, P. Saavedra, Santana, S. Ruiz, Carteron, L., Patet, C., Quintard, H., Solari, D., Bouzat, P., Oddo, M., Wollersheim, T., Malleike, J., Haas, K., Carbon, N., Schneider, J., Birchmeier, C., Fielitz, J., Spuler, S., Weber-Carstens, S., Enseñat, L., Pérez-Madrigal, A., Saludes, P., Proença, L., Gruartmoner, G., Espinal, C., Mesquida, J., Huber, W., Eckmann, M., Elkmann, F., Gruber, A., Lahmer, T., Mayr, U., Herner, A., Schellnegger, R., Schneider, J., Schmid, R. M., Ayoub, W., Samy, W., Esmat, A., Battah, A., Mukhtar, S., Mongkolpun, W., Cortés, D. Orbegozo, Cordeiro, C. P. R., Vincent, J. L., Creteur, J., Funcke, S., Groesdonk, H., Saugel, B., Wagenpfeil, G., Wagenpfeil, S., Reuter, D. A., Fernandez, M. M., Fernandez, R., Magret, M., González-Castro, A., Bouza, M. T., Ibañez, M., García, C., Balerdi, B., Mas, A., Arauzo, V., Añón, J. M., Ruiz, F., Ferreres, J., Tomás, R., Alabert, M., Tizón, A. I., Altaba, S., Llamas, N., Goligher, E C., Fan, E., Herridge, M., Vorona, S., Sklar, M., Dres, M., Rittayamai, N., Lanys, A., Urrea, C., Tomlinson, G., Reid, W. D., Rubenfeld, G. D., Kavanagh, B. P., Brochard, L. J., Ferguson, N. D., Neto, A. Serpa, de Abreu, M. Gama, Pelosi, P., Schultz, M. J., Guérin, C., Papazian, L., Reignier, J., Ayzac, L., Loundou, A., Forel, J. M., Rolland-Debord, C., Bureau, C., Poitou, T., Clavel, M., Perbet, S., Terzi, N., Kouatchet, A., Similowski, T., Demoule, A., Hunfeld, N., Trogrlic, Z., Ladage, S., Osse, R. J., Koch, B., Rietdijk, W., Devlin, J., van der Jagt, M., Picetti, E., Ceccarelli, P., Mensi, F., Malchiodi, L., Risolo, S., Rossi, I., Antonini, M. V., Servadei, F., Caspani, M. L., Roquilly, A., Lasocki, S., Seguin, P., Geeraerts, T., Perrigault, P. F., Dahyot-Fizelier, C., Paugam-Burtz, C., Cook, F., Cinotti, R., dit Latte, D. Demeure, Mahe, P. J., Fortuit, C., Feuillet, F., Asehnoune, K., Marzorati, C., Spina, S., Scaravilli, V., Vargiolu, A., Riva, M., Giussani, C., Sganzerla, E., Citerio, G., Barbadillo, S., de Molina, F. J. González, Álvarez-Lerma, F., Rodríguez, A., Zakharkina, T., Martin-Loeches, I., Matamoros, S., Povoa, P., Torres, A., Kastelijn, J., Hofstra, J. J., de Jong, M., Schultz, M., Sterk, P., Artigas, A., Bos, L. J., Moreau, A. S., Martin-Loeches, I., Povoa, P., Salluh, J., Rodriguez, A., Nseir, S., de Jong, E., van Oers, J. A., Beishuizen, A., Girbes, A. R. J., Nijsten, M. W. N., de Lange, D. W., Bonvicini, D., Labate, D., Benacchio, L., Olivieri, A., Pizzirani, E., Lopez-Delgado, J. C., Gonzalez-Romero, M., Fuentes-Mila, V., Berbel-Franco, D., Romera-Peregrina, I., Martinez-Pascual, A., Perez-Sanchez, J., Abellan-Lencina, R., Ávila-Espinoza, R. E., Moreno-Gonzalez, G., Sbraga, F., Griffiths, S., Grocott, M. P. W., Creagh-Brown, B., Doyle, J., Wilkerson, P., Soon, Y., Huddart, S., Dickinson, M., Riga, A., Zuleika, A., Miyamoto, K., Kawazoe, Y., Morimoto, T., Yamamoto, T., Fuke, A., Hashimoto, A., Koami, H., Beppu, S., Katayama, Y., Ito, M., Ohta, Y., Yamamura, H., Rygård, S. L., Holst, L B., Wetterslev, J., Johansson, P. I., Perner, A., Soliman, I. W., de Lange, D. W., van Dijk, D., van Delden, J. J. M., Cremer, O. L., Slooter, A. J. C., Peelen, L. M., McWilliams, D., Snelson, C., Neves, A. Das, Loudet, C. I., Busico, M., Vazquez, D., Villalba, D., Veronesi, M., Lischinsky, A., López, F. J. L., Mori, L. Benito, Plotnikow, G., Díaz, A., Giannasi, S., Hernandez, R., Krzisnik, L., Cecotti, C., Viola, L., Lopez, R., Sottile, J. P., Benavent, G., Estenssoro, E., Chen, C. M., Lai, C. C., Cheng, K. C., Chou, W., Chan, K. S., Roeker, L. E., Horkan, C. M., Gibbons, F. K., Christopher, K. B., Weijs, P. J. M., Mogensen, K. M., Rawn, J. D., Robinson, M. K., Christopher, K. B., Tang, Z., Qiu, C., Ouyang, B., Cai, C., Guan, X., Regueira, T., Cea, L., Carlos, S. Juan, Elisa, B., Puebla, C., Vargas, A., Poulsen, M. K., Thomsen, L. P., Kjærgaard, S., Rees, S. E., Karbing, D. S., Wollersheim, T., Frank, S., Müller, M. C., Carbon, N. M., Skrypnikov, V., Pickerodt, P. A., Falk, R., Mahlau, A., Weber-Carstens, S., Lee, A., Inglis, R., Morgan, R., Barker, G., Kamata, K., Abe, T., Saitoh, D., Tokuda, Y., Green, R. S., Butler, M. B., Erdogan, M., Hwa, H. Tae, Gil, L. Jae, Vaquero, R. Hernández, Rodriguez-Ruiz, E., Lago, A. Lopez, Allut, J. L. Garcia, Gestal, A. Estany, Gonzalez, M. A. Garcia, Thomas-Rüddel, D. O., Schwarzkopf, D., Fleischmann, C., Reinhart, K., Suwanpasu, S., Sattayasomboon, Y., Filho, N. M. Filgueiras, Oliveira, J. C. A., Ballalai, C. S., De Lucia, C. V., Araponga, G. P., Veiga, L. N., Silva, C. S., Garrido, M. E., Ramos, B. B., Ricaldi, E. F., Gomes, S. S., Gemmell, L., MacKay, A., Wright, C., Docking, R. I., Doherty, P., Black, E., Stenhouse, P., Plummer, M. P., Finnis, M. E., Phillips, L. K., Kar, P., Bihari, S., Biradar, V., Moodie, S., Horowitz, M., Shaw, J. E., Deane, A. M., Yatabe, T., Inoue, S., Sakaguchi, M., Egi, M., Abdelhamid, Y. Ali, Plummer, M. P., Finnis, M. E., Phillips, L. K., Kar, P., Bihari, S., Biradar, V., Moodie, S., Horowitz, M., Shaw, J. E., Deane, A. M., Hokka, M., Egi, M., Mizobuchi, S., Kar, P., Plummer, M., Abdelhamid, Y. Ali, Giersch, E., Summers, M., Hatzinikolas, S., Heller, S., Chapman, M., Jones, K., Horowitz, M., Deane, A., Schweizer, R., Jacquet-Lagreze, M., Portran, P., Junot, S., Allaouchiche, B., Fellahi, J. L., Guerci, P., Ergin, B., Kapucu, A., Ince, C., Cioccari, L., Luethi, N., Crisman, M., Bellomo, R., Mårtensson, J., Shinotsuka, C. Righy, Fagnoul, D., Brasseur, A., Orbegozo, D., Vincent, J. L., Preiser, J. C., Preiser, J. C., Lheureux, O., Thooft, A., Brimioulle, S., Vincent, J. L., Iwasaka, H., Tahara, S., Nagamine, M., Ichigatani, A., Cabrera, A. Rugerio, Zepeda, E. Monares, Granillo, J. Franco, Sánchez, J. S. Aguirre, Montoya, A. A. Tanaka, Montenegro, A. Pedraza, Blanco, G. A. Gálvez, Robles, C. M. Coronado, Drolz, A., Horvatits, T., Roedl, K., Rutter, K., Kluge, S., Funk, G. C., Schneeweiss, B., Fuhrmann, V., Sabetian, G., Pooresmaeel, F., Zand, F., Ghaffaripour, S., Farbod, A., Tabei, H., Taheri, L., Anandanadesan, R., Metaxa, V., Teixeira, C., Pereira, S. M., Hernández-Marrero, P., Carvalho, A. S., Beckmann, M., Hartog, C. S., Schwarzkopf, D., Raadts, A., Robertsen, A., Førde, R., Skaga, N. O., Helseth, E., Honeybul, S., Ho, K., Lopez, P. Martinez, Gonzalez, M. Nieto, Ortega, P. Nuevo, Sola, E. Camara, Spasova, T., de la Torre-Prados, M. V., Kopecky, O., Rusinova, K., Waldauf, P., Cepeplikova, Z., Balik, M., Domínguez, J. Palamidessi, Almudevar, P. Matia, Carmona, S. Alcántara, Muñoz, J. J. Rubio, Castañeda, D. Palacios, Abellán, A. Naharro, Villamizar, P. Rodríguez, Ramos, J. Veganzones, Pérez, L. Pérez, Lucendo, A. Pérez, Ejarque, M. Camós, Estella, A., Camps, V. Lopez, Martín, M. C., Masnou, N., Barbosa, S., Varela, A., Palma, I., Cristina, L., Nunes, E., Pereira, I., Campello, G., Granja, C., Pande, R., Pandey, M., Varghese, S., Chanu, M., Van Dam, M. J., Ter Braak, E. W. M. T., Estella, A., Gracia, M., Viciana, R., Recuerda, M., Fontaiña, L. Perez, Tharmalingam, B., Kovari, F., Rose, L., Mcginlay, M., Amin, R., Burns, K., Connolly, B., Hart, N., Jouvet, P., Katz, S., Leasa, D., Mawdsley, C., Mcauley, D., Schultz, M., Blackwood, B., Denham, S., Worrall, R., Arshad, M., Isherwood, P., Khadjibaev, A., Sabirov, D., Rosstalnaya, A., Parpibaev, F., Sharipova, V., Blanco, G. A. Galvez, Guzman, C. I. Olvera, Sánchez, J. S. Aguirre, Granillo, J. Franco, Gupta, S., Govil, D., Srinivasan, S., Patel, S. J., N, J. K., Gupta, A., Shafi, M., Tomar, D. S., Harne, R., Arora, D. P., Talwar, N., Mazumdar, S., Cha, Y. S., Lee, S. J., Tyagi, N., Rajput, R. K., Taneja, S., Singh, V. K., Sharma, S. C., Mittal, S., Rao, B. K., Ayachi, J., Fraj, N., Romdhani, S., Khedher, A., Meddeb, K., Sma, N., Azouzi, A., Bouneb, R., Chouchene, I., El Ghardallou, M., Boussarsar, M., Jennings, R., Walter, E., Ribeiro, J. M., Moniz, I., Marçal, R., Santos, A. C., Candeias, C., e Silva, Z. Costa, Gomez, S. E. Zamora, Nieto, O. R. Perez, Gonzalez, J. A. Castanon, Cuellar, A. I. Vasquez, Mildh, H., Pettilä, V., Korhonen, A. M., Karlsson, S., Ala-Kokko, T., Reinikainen, M., Vaara, S. T., Zaleska-Kociecka, M., Grabowski, M., Dąbrowski, M., Wozniak, S., Piotrowska, K., Banaszewski, M., Imiela, J., Stepinska, J., Pérez, A. González, Ordoñez, P. Florez, Giribet, A., Cuervo, M. A. Alonso, Cuervo, R. Alonso, Esteban, M. A. Rodriguez, Fraile, L. Iglesias, Mittelbrum, C. Ponte, Albaiceta, G. Muñiz, Koeze, J., Keus, F., Dieperink, W., van der Horst, I. C. C., van Meurs, M., Zijlstra, J. G., Roberts, S., Caballero, C. Hernandez, Isgro, G., Hall, D., Beitland, S., Trøseid, A.-M. S., Brusletto, B. S., Waldum-Grevbo, B. E., Berg, J. P., Sunde, K., Huertas, D. García, Manzano, F., Quintana, M. M. Jiménez-, Osuna, A., Santiago-Ruiz, F., Rodríguez-Mejías, C., Wangensteen, R., Jamaati, H. R., Masjedi, M., Zand, F., Hashemian, S. M. R., Sabetian, G., Abbasi, G., Khaloo, V., Tabei, S. H.a., Kafilzadeh, A., Bakhodaei, H. Haddad, Diaz, J. A., Silva, R., Garcia, D. J., Luis, E., Gomez, M. N., Soriano, R., Gonzalez, P. L., Ibrahim, I. A., Rafik, M. M., Al-Ansary, A. M., Algendi, M. A., Ali, A. A., Fuhrmann, V., Roedl, K., Horvatits, T., Drolz, A., Rutter, K., Benten, D., Kluwe, J., Siedler, S., Kluge, S., Adedugbe, I., Bird, G. T., Kennedy, R. M., Sharma, S., Butler, M. B., Yugi, G., Haroon, B. A., Witter, T., Khaliq, W., Singer, M., Havaldar, A. A., Krishna, B., Sriram, S., Espinoza, E. D. Valenzuela, Pozo, M. O., Edul, V. S. Kanoore, Furche, M., Motta, M. F., Vazquez, A. Risso, Birri, P. N. 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E., Sinha, K., Luney, M., Palmer, K., Keating, L., Abu-Habsa, M., Bahl, R., Baskaralingam, N., Ahmad, A., Kanapeckaite, L., Bhatti, P., Glace, S., Jeyabraba, S., Lewis, H. F., Kostopoulos, A., Raja, M., West, A., Ely, A., Turkoglu, L. M., Zolfaghari, P., Baptista, J. P., Marques, M. P., Martins, P., Pimentel, J., Gupta, D., Su, Y. C., Villacres, S., Stone, M. E., Parsikia, A., Medar, S., O’Dea, K. P., Porter, J., Tirlapur, N., Jonathan, J. M., Singh, S., Takata, M., Abu-Habsa, M., Ahmad, A., McWhirter, E., Lyon, R., Hariz, M. L., Azmi, E., Alkhan, J., Honeybul, S., Movsisyan, V., Petrikov, S., Marutyan, Z., Aliev, I., Evdokimov, A., Antonucci, E., Merz, T., Hartmann, C., Pelosi, P., Calzia, E., Radermacher, P., Nußbaum, B., Hartmann, C., Huber-Lang, M., Gröger, M., Radermacher, P., Nußbaum, B., Nußbaum, B., Antonucci, E., Calzia, E., Pelosi, P., Radermacher, P., Hartmann, C., Svoren-Jabalera, E., Davenport, E. E., Humburg, P., Knight, J., Hinds, C. J., Jun, I. J., Kim, W. J., Lee, E. H., Besch, G., Perrotti, A., Puyraveau, M., Carteron, L., Baltres, M., Samain, E., Chocron, S., Pili-Floury, S., Plata-Menchaca, E. P., Sabater-Riera, J., Estruch, M., Boza, E., Sbraga, F., Toscana-Fernández, J., Bruguera-Pellicer, E., Ordoñez-Llanos, J., Pérez-Fernández, X. L., Cavaleiro, P., Tralhão, A., Arrigo, M., Lopes, J.-P., Lebrun, M., Cholley, B., PerezVela, J. L., MarinMateos, H., Rivera, J. J. Jimenez, Llorente, M. A. Alcala, De Marcos, B. Gonzalez, Fernandez, F. J. Gonzalez, Laborda, C. Garcia, Zamora, D. Fernandez, Delgado, J. C. Lopez, Imperiali, C., Berbel-Franco, D., Dastis, M., Moreno-Gonzalez, G., Perez-Sanchez, J., Romera-Peregrina, I., Abellan-Lencina, R., Martinez-Pascual, A., Fuentes-Mila, V., Gonzalez-Romero, M., Górka, J., Górka, K., Iwaniec, T., Frołow, M., Polok, K., Fronczek, J., Kózka, M., Musiał, J., Szczeklik, W., Pérez, A. González, Ordoñez, P. Florez, Giribet, A., Cuervo, M. A. Alonso, Cuervo, R. Alonso, Esteban, M. A. Rodriguez, Fraile, L. Iglesias, Mittelbrum, C. Ponte, Albaiceta, G. Muñiz, Ampatzidou, F., Sileli, M., Kehagioglou, G., Madesis, A., Karaiskos, T., Moursia, C., Maleoglou, H., Leleki, K., Drossos, G., Uz, Z., Ince, Y., Papatella, R., Bulent, E., Guerci, P., Ince, C., De Mol, B., Vicka, V., Gineityte, D., Ringaitiene, D., Norkiene, I., Sipylaite, J., Möller, C., Fleischmann, C., Thomas-Rueddel, D. O., Vlasakov, V., Rochwerg, B., Theurer, P., Gattinoni, L., Reinhart, K., Hartog, C. S., Pérez, A. González, Al Sibai, J. Zanabili, Camblor, P. Martinez, Fernandez, P. Alvarez, Gala, J. M. García, Guisasola, J. Silba, Albaiceta, G. Muñiz, Tamura, T., Yatabe, T., Miyajima, I., Yamashita, K., Yokoyama, M., Ampatzidou, F., Kehagioglou, G., Dalampini, E., Nastou, M., Baddour, A., Ignatiadis, A., Asteri, T., Drossos, G., Hathorn, K. E., Purtle, S. W., Horkan, C. M., Gibbons, F. K., Christopher, K. B., Viana, M. V., Tonietto, T. A., Gross, L. A., Costa, V. L., Tavares, A. L. J., Lisboa, B. O., Moraes, R. B., Vieira, S. R., Viana, L. V., Azevedo, M. J., Ceniccola, G. D., Pequeno, R. S. F., Holanda, T. P., Mendonça, V. S., Araújo, W. M. C., Carvalho, L. S. F., Segaran, E., Vickers, L., Brinchmann, K., Wignall, I., Rubulotta, F., De Brito-Ashurst, I., del Olmo, R., Esteban, M. J., Vaquerizo, C., Carreño, R., Gálvez, V., Kaminsky, G., Nieto, B., Fuentes, M., De la Torre, M. A., Torres, E., Alonso, A., Velayos, C., Saldaña, T., Escribá, A., GRIP, J., Kölegård, R., Sundblad, P., Rooyackers, O., Naser, Ben, Jaziri, F., Jazia, A. Ben, Barghouth, M., Hentati, O., Skouri, W., El Euch, M., Mahfoudhi, M., Turki, S., Abdelghni, K. Ben, Abdallah, Ben, Maha, B. N. M., Cánovas, J., Sotos, F., López, A., Lorente, M., Burruezo, A., Torres, D., Polok, K., Włudarczyk, A., Górka, J., Hałek, A., Musiał, J., Szczeklik, W., Jazia, A. Ben, Jaziri, F., Bargouth, M., Bennasr, M., Turki, S., Abdelghani, K. Ben, Abdallah, T. Ben, de Grooth, H. J., Geenen, I. L., Parienti, J. J., Straaten, H. M. Oudemans-van, Shum, H. P., King, H. S., Chan, K. C., Yan, W. W., Londoño, J. Gonzalez, Cardenas, C. Lorencio, Pedrosa, M. Morales, Gubianas, C. Murcia, Bertolin, C. Fuster, Batllori, N. Vila, Sirvent, J. M., Wykes, K., Jack, J., Morgan, P., Mukhopadhyay, A., Chan, H. Y., Kowitlawakul, Y., Remani, D., Leong, C. S. F., Henry, C. J., Puthucheary, Z. A., Mendsaikhan, N., Begzjav, T., Lundeg, G., Dünser, M., Espinoza, E. D. Valenzuela, Welsh, S. P., Motta, M. F., Guerra, E., Zerpa, M. C. l., Zechner, F., Furche, M., Berdaguer, F., Birri, P. N. Rubatto, Risso-Vazquez, A., Dubin, A., Masevicius, F. D., Greaney, D., Magee, A., Fitzpatrick, G., Lugo-Cob, R. G., Sánchez-Hurtado, L. A., Arvizu-Tachiquín, P. C., Tejeda-Huezo, B. C., Cano-Oviedo, A. A., Baltazar-Torres, J. A., Aydogan, M. S., Togal, T., Taha, A., Chai, H. Z., Kam, C., Razali, S. S. Yang, Sivasamy, V., Kuan, L. Y., Poulose, V., Morales, M. A. Lopez, Castro, S., Pires, T., Melão, L., Krystopchuk, A., Pereira, I., Granja, C., Taniguchi, L. U., Pires, E. M. C., Vieira, Jr, J. M., Azevedo, L. C. P., Nurses of the Central and General ICUs of Shiraz Namazi Hospital, Sedation an Delirium Group Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, SPACeR group (Surrey Peri-operative, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Collaborative Research Group), for the PRoVENT investigators and the PROVE Network, SEMICYUC/GETGAG Working Group, TAVeM study group, POPC-CB investigators, DESIRE (DExmedetomidine for Sepsis in ICU Randomized Evaluation) Trial Investigators, GEMINI, Bioethics work group of SEMICYUC, The FINNAKI Study Group, Queen Square Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care Resreach Group, Renal Transplantation HUVR, GEMINI, EDISVAL Group, EDISVAL Group, PLUG Working group, TAVeM study Group, The FINNAKI Study Group, on behalf of Department of Professional Development, ESICM, Critical Care Research Group, SIRAKI group, and Grupo ESBAGA

Published
2016
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29. Simulation of the Melting Behavior of the UO2-Zircaloy Fuel Cladding System by Laser Heating.

Author

Soldi, L., Manara, D., Bottomley, D., Robba, D., Luzzi, L., and Konings, R. J. M.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR fuel claddings, *ZIRCALOY-2, *NUCLEAR fuel rods, *LIGHT water reactors, *MELTING points, *FUEL systems, *LASER heating
Abstract

The current research focuses on laser melting and successive analysis of laboratory-scale uranium dioxide nuclear fuel samples in direct contact with Zircaloy-4 cladding. The goal was to characterize the melted and refrozen interfaces, in particular, observing local changes of the melting point and interdiffusion of fuel and cladding materials under inert gas (Ar), in the presence of hydrogen (Ar + 6% H2) or in air. Results obtained by laser heating UO2 pellets clad in a Zircaloy ring were interpreted in light of reference tests performed on pellets in which UO2 and zirconium were blended in a series of given compositions. The sample composition was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to verify the occurrence of diffusion and segregation phenomena during the laser-heating cycles. Laser-melting experiments were performed on pellets of uranium dioxide clad in Zircaloy-4 rings to simulate the configuration of a light water reactor fuel rod. Under inert gas, the material interdiffusion resulted in consistent melting point depression (of up to 200 K below the melting point of pure UO2) at the interface between the fuel and the cladding. Experiments carried out in the presence of H2 displayed a more limited effect on the melting temperature, but they resulted in a remarkable embrittlement of the whole structure, with large fragmentation of the Zircaloy cladding. This was probably due to the formation of brittle and highly volatile Zr hydrides. The observed melting point decrease was even more pronounced (up to over 400 K) under air in uranium-rich samples, due to the change in the stoichiometry of UO2 in UO2+x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Experiences of healthcare providers from a working week during the first wave of the covid-19 outbreak

Author

Villa G., Dellafiore F., Caruso R., Arrigoni C., Galli E., Moranda D., Prampolini L., Bascape B., Merlo M. G., Giannetta N., Manara D. F., Villa, G., Dellafiore, F., Caruso, R., Arrigoni, C., Galli, E., Moranda, D., Prampolini, L., Bascape, B., Merlo, M. G., Giannetta, N., and Manara, D. F.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, COVID-19, Pandemics, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract

Background and aim of the work: The delivery of care to patients with COVID-19 enhanced many psychological issues among healthcare workers (HCWs), exacerbating the risk of burnout and compromising the efficacy and quality of services provided to patients. In this context, the peculiarities regarding professional roles in delivering care to patients with COVID-19 might reflect daily lived experiences that could impact psychological outcomes in specific professional groups. However, daily lived experiences considering different groups of HCWs have been poorly investigated, especially with a longitudinal qualitative study. Accordingly, our study aims firstly to longitudinally explore perceptions and experiences of HCWs about their daily working life during the initial COVID-19 outbreak, highlighting the specific lived experiences of physicians, nurses, radiology technicians, and healthcare assistants. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyse the comments and quotations made on a daily diary lasting seven days by physicians, nurses, radiology technicians, and healthcare assistants during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. According to Elo and Kyngäs recommendation, the data analysis process was developed in three main phases: preparation, organising, and reporting. Results: Four main generic categories emerged by data analysis: ‘Clinical practice in COVID-19 patients’; ‘The importance of relationship’; ‘Navigating by sight’; and ‘Good always pays off’. Several differences emerged from the sentences of the HCWs, which require further investigation. Conclusions: Understanding the profession-specific experiences of the involved HCWs in facing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic is key for boosting reflections, research, and actions to adequately support each professional group. Keywords: COVID-19 outbreak; Healthcare workers; Perceptions and experiences; Qualitative content analysis.

Published
2021

33. Describing nurses’ awareness of biological risk in delivering care for renal-dialysis patients: An italian pilot survey

Author

Magnaghi C., Caruso R., Brioni E., Apuzzo L., Galli M., Massari C., Del Pin M., Magon A., Vezzoli G., Villa G., Manara D., Magnaghi, C., Caruso, R., Brioni, E., Apuzzo, L., Galli, M., Massari, C., Del Pin, M., Magon, A., Vezzoli, G., Villa, G., and Manara, D.

Subjects
Renal-dialysis care, Biological risk, Renal Dialysis, Pilot Projects, Nursing, Survey
Abstract

Background and aim of work. Despite national descriptions of awareness, knowledge, and perceptions about the exposure to the biological risk among nurses employed in renal-dialysis care are pivotal to increase work safety, there is a paucity of data on these descriptions in the Italian context. This study aimed at describing Italian nurses’ awareness and knowledge about biological risk in delivering care for renal-dialysis patients, and their experiences of biological accidents. Methods. A pilot survey using cross-sectional data collection and convenience sampling procedure. 124 nurses were enrolled receiving a 7-item questionnaire: Questions 1, 2, and 7 were referred to the awareness about educational learning needs, questions 3 and 4 explored nurses’ knowledge about biological risk, questions 5 and 6 collected accident-related information. Results. Overall, nurses’ awareness and knowledge about biological risk appeared almost limited. Surprisingly, 52% of the enrolled nurses experienced a biological accident, and 29.5% reported to know colleagues who developed work-related disease after a biological accident. We found positive significant associations between awareness and knowledge. Conclusions. This pilot study highlighted the need to further describe Italian nurses’ awareness and knowledge about biological risk in delivering care for renal-dialysis patients, as well as the need of up-to-date epidemiological description about biological accidents. Accordingly, future studies are highly recommended to provide robust evidence aimed at supporting policy makers, educators, clinicians, regulators, and managers.

Published
2021

34. Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing strategies of medication errors prevention. An unusual cross sectional analysis

Author

Giannetta N., Dionisi S., Villa G., Cappadona R., Fabbian F., De Giorgi A., Manara D. F., Di Muzio M., Manfredini R., Di Simone E., Giannetta, N., Dionisi, S., Villa, G., Cappadona, R., Fabbian, F., De Giorgi, A., Manara, D. F., Di Muzio, M., Manfredini, R., and Di Simone, E.

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Medication Errors, Registries
Abstract

BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov is the oldest and largest of these registries. Through this, the researchers can explore and monitor the clinical research landscape. In the last decades, the number of Medline-indexed publications on adverse events and medication errors have increased exponentially. The aims were to define the prevalence of clinical trials that have as outcome the medication errors and to describe the characteristics of these trials, including their distribution across countries, and publication rate. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of all clinical trials reporting as primary outcome medication errors identified through ClincialTrials.gov. RESULTS: Among 5.881 trials, only 1,68% focused on intervention to improve medication safety process and prevent medication errors. 25,3% of clinical trials included had their primary outcome changed (p= ,005). Recording study results in ClinicalTrials.gov was associated with trials that had their primary outcome changed (OR: ,060; 95% C.I.: ,007 - ,541). Only few interventional trials were totally compliant with the ICMJE policy. For all trials completed in our sample, in mean 7,44 months (median: 12 months) elapsed between study completion and the first publication in Medline showing the trial's identification number. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates several strengths of using ClinicalTrials.gov to track intervention to improve medication safety process. It is unknown how many trials are designed to focus on medication errors. However, 1,68% of trials focused on intervention to improve medication safety process.

Published
2021

35. One-week longitudinal daily description of moral distress, coping, and general health in healthcare workers during the first wave of the covid-19 outbreak in italy: A quantitative diary study

Author

Manara D. F., Villa G., Korelic L., Arrigoni C., Dellafiore F., Milani V., Ghizzardi G., Magon A., Giannetta N., Caruso R., Manara, D. F., Villa, G., Korelic, L., Arrigoni, C., Dellafiore, F., Milani, V., Ghizzardi, G., Magon, A., Giannetta, N., and Caruso, R.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Diary, COVID-19, Healthcare workers, Moral distress, Coping
Abstract

Background and aim of the work: The fluctuation from day to day within a working week of moral distress, coping, and general health of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in facing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic has been poorly studied. This study described the weekly fluctuation from day to day of moral distress, coping, and general health in frontline HCWs who worked during the first epidemic wave (May-June 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Methods: This study has an intensive longitudinal design, and a convenience sampling procedure was employed to enroll physicians, nurses, allied health pro-fessions, and healthcare assistants. Data collection was performed using diary encompassed four sections: a socio-demographic form (required only at the baseline data collection) and three scales to assess moral dis-tress, coping, and general health. Results: Results confirmed poor perceived health and mild moral distress in frontline HCWs, especially in HCWs with offspring, during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and the stability of their daily perception over a working week regarding moral distress, general health, and avoidant coping strategy, while approach coping strategy reported a slight fluctuation over time. Conclusions: Accordingly, on the one hand, these results confirm that outcomes regarding mental health and moral distress are pretty stable and provide insights, on the other hand, regarding the possible organizational interventions to support approach coping strategy as it seems more susceptible to variation over time. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Published
2021

39. Simulation of the Melting Behavior of the UO2-Zircaloy Fuel Cladding System by Laser Heating

Author

Soldi, L., Manara, D., Bottomley, D., Robba, D., Luzzi, L., and Konings, R. J. M.

Abstract

AbstractThe current research focuses on laser melting and successive analysis of laboratory-scale uranium dioxide nuclear fuel samples in direct contact with Zircaloy-4 cladding. The goal was to characterize the melted and refrozen interfaces, in particular, observing local changes of the melting point and interdiffusion of fuel and cladding materials under inert gas (Ar), in the presence of hydrogen (Ar + 6% H2) or in air. Results obtained by laser heating UO2pellets clad in a Zircaloy ring were interpreted in light of reference tests performed on pellets in which UO2and zirconium were blended in a series of given compositions. The sample composition was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to verify the occurrence of diffusion and segregation phenomena during the laser-heating cycles. Laser-melting experiments were performed on pellets of uranium dioxide clad in Zircaloy-4 rings to simulate the configuration of a light water reactor fuel rod. Under inert gas, the material interdiffusion resulted in consistent melting point depression (of up to 200 K below the melting point of pure UO2) at the interface between the fuel and the cladding. Experiments carried out in the presence of H2displayed a more limited effect on the melting temperature, but they resulted in a remarkable embrittlement of the whole structure, with large fragmentation of the Zircaloy cladding. This was probably due to the formation of brittle and highly volatile Zr hydrides. The observed melting point decrease was even more pronounced (up to over 400 K) under air in uranium-rich samples, due to the change in the stoichiometry of UO2in UO2+x.

Published
2023
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40. The Separation of 241Am from Aged Plutonium Dioxide for use in Radioisotope Power Systems

Author

Sarsfield M.J., Campbell C., Carrigan C., Carrott M.J., Colle J-Y., Freis D., Gregson C., Griffiths T., Holt J., Lajarge P., Maher C. J., Manara D., McLuckie B., Mason C., Naji M., Taylor R.J., Tinsley T., Somers J., Stephenson K., and Vigier J-F.

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Electrical power sources used in outer planet missions are a key enabling technology for data acquisition and communications. State–of-the-art power sources generate electricity from alpha decay of 238Pu via thermoelectric conversion. However, production of 238Pu requires specialist facilities including a nuclear reactor, a source of 237Np for target irradiation and hotcells to chemically separate neptunium and plutonium within the irradiated targets. These specialist facilities are expensive to build and operate, so naturally, a more economical alternative is attractive to the industry. Within Europe 241Am is considered a promising alternative heat source for radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heating units (RHUs). As a daughter product of 241Pu decay, 241Am exists in 1000 kgs quantities within the UK civil plutonium stockpile. A chemical separation process is required to extract the 241Am in a pure form and this paper describes the AMPPEX process (Americium and Plutonium Purification by Extraction), successfully developed over the past five years to isolate 241Am in high yield (> 99%) and to a high purity (> 99%). The process starts by dissolving plutonium dioxide in nitric acid with the aid of a silver(II) catalyst, which is generated electrochemically. The solution is then conditioned and fed to a PUREX type solvent extraction process, where the plutonium is separated from the americium and silver. The plutonium is converted back to plutonium dioxide and the americium is fed forward to a second solvent extraction step. Here the americium is selectively extracted leaving the silver in the aqueous phase. The americium is stripped from the solvent and recovered from solution as americium oxalate, which is calcined to give americium dioxide as the final product. This paper will describe the development of the separation process over a series of six solvent extraction separation trials using centrifugal contactors. The material produced (~ 4g 241Am) was used to make ceramic pellets to establish the behaviour of americium oxide material under high temperature (1450°C) sintering conditions. The chemical separation process is now demonstrated at concentrations expected on the full scale facility taking this process to TRL 4-5.

Published
2017
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43. Advances in understanding the structure of borosilicate glasses: a Raman spectroscopy study

Author

Manara, D., Grandjean, A., and Neuville, D.R.

Subjects
Borates -- Thermal properties, Glass -- Thermal properties, Raman spectroscopy -- Methods, Silicates -- Thermal properties, Crystals -- Structure, Crystals -- Evaluation, Earth sciences
Abstract

This study is focused on the behavior of ternary Si[O.sub.2]-[Na.sub.2] O-[B.sub.2][O.sub.3] borosilicate glasses at temperatures between 298 and 1800 K. Unpolarized Raman spectra were measured up to high temperature. Si[O.sub.2]-[Na.sub.2]O-[B.sub.2][O.sub.3] glass samples were prepared with different values of the ratio R = [[Na.sub.2]O]/[[B.sub.2][O.sub.3]], while the ratio K = [SI[O.sub.2]]/[[B.sub.2][O.sub.3]] was kept constant and equal to 2.12. Spectra were measured at room temperature in samples with 0.43 [less than or equal to] R [less than or equal to] 1.68, and the effect of the modifier content was clearly observed in these glasses, only in partial agreement with previous literature results. In particular, the formation in the glass of sodium-danburite units [Na.sub.2]O x [B.sub.2] [O.sub.3] x 2Si[O.sub.2] was postulated. This feature led to a new assessment of [R.sup.*], the critical value of R above which every new alkali atom added to the system breaks a Fo-O-Fo (Fo = glass former) bridge causing depolymerization of the glass. A revised formula is proposed to obtain the value of [R.sup.*] as a function of K. Raman spectra measured at high temperature yielded important information about the temperature-dependent evolution of the borosilicate system. In particular, borate and borosilicate units including tetra-coordinated boron seem to be unstable at high temperature, where the formation of metaborate chains or rings is fostered. Above 1500[degrees]C, evaporation of borate compounds is clearly observed, stemming from the small sample size. Keywords: Glass, borosilicate, structure, Raman spectroscopy

Published
2009

44. Melting behaviour of uranium-americium mixed oxides under different atmospheres

Author

Epifano, E., (0000-0001-5087-0133) Prieur, D., Martin, P. M., Guéneau, C., Dardenne, K., Rothe, J., Vitova, T., Wiss, T., Dieste, O., Konings, R. J. M., Manara, D., Epifano, E., (0000-0001-5087-0133) Prieur, D., Martin, P. M., Guéneau, C., Dardenne, K., Rothe, J., Vitova, T., Wiss, T., Dieste, O., Konings, R. J. M., and Manara, D.

Abstract

In the context of a comprehensive campaign for the characterisation of transmutation fuels for next generation nuclear reactors, the melting behaviour of mixed uranium-americium dioxides has been experimentally studied for the first time by laser heating, for Am concentrations up to 70 mol. % under different types of atmospheres. Extensive post-melting material characterisations were then performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The melting temperatures observed for the various compositions follow a markedly different trend depending on the experimental atmosphere. Uranium-rich samples melt at temperatures significantly lower (around 2700 K) when they are laser-heated in a strongly oxidizing atmosphere compressed air at (0.300 ± 0.005) MPa, compared to the melting points (beyond 3000 K) registered for the same compositions in an inert environment (pressurised Ar). This behaviour has been interpreted on the basis of the strong oxidation of such samples in air, leading to lower-melting temperatures. Thus, the melting temperature trend observed in air is characterized, in the purely pseudo-binary dioxide plane, by an apparent maximum melting temperature around 2850 K for 0.3 < x(AmO2) < 0.5. The melting points measured under inert atmosphere uniformly decrease with increasing americium content, displaying an approximately ideal solution behaviour if a melting point around 2386 K is assumed for pure AmO2. In reality, it will be shown that the (U, Am)-oxide system can only be rigorously described in the ternary U-Am-O phase diagram, rather than the UO2-AmO2 pseudo-binary, due to the aforementioned over-oxidation effect in air. Indeed, general departures from the oxygen stoichiometry (Oxygen/Metal ratios ≠ 2.0) have been highlighted by the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). Finally, to help interpret the experimental results, thermodynamic computations based on the CALPHAD method will be presented.

Published
2020

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