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There is very limited data on the usefulness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with coronavirus pneumonia who have survived intensive care unit care. The primary aim was to explore the feasibility of conducting a pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia surviving intensive care. The secondary aim was to study the impact of a hospital-based 6-week pulmonary rehabilitation program on exercise capacity, quality of life, and psychological parameters in these patients. This study was conducted at the Center for Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Pulmonary Medicine of the institute.A total of 27 patients were enrolled. Among them, 14 patients who completed the desired 12 sessions over 6 weeks constituted the pulmonary rehabilitation group and 13 patients who either did not consent or defaulted within the first 2 weeks were considered as controls. Both groups had assessments at 0 and 6 weeks that included a 6-Minute Walk Test, Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, mMRC Dyspnea Scale, Baseline Dyspnea Index, and Transitional Dyspnea Index, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 score.Significant improvement in dyspnea by mMRC (P = .01) and exercise capacity as measured by 6-Minute Walk Test (P.001) and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (P = .025) was seen in the pulmonary rehabilitation group as compared to the control group. There was no significant improvement in quality of life and psychological parameters (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 score) after 6 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation program as measured in our study.Pulmonary rehabilitation is feasible and appears promising in coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors. However, data from other centers and a larger number of patients are required to imbibe conclusive results.

Nodular Trichoblastoma (TB) is a rare and benign adnexal tumor originating from rudimentary hair follicles. Adnexal neoplasms show complex clinical and histological features. A panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers helps in distinguishing tumors of follicular origin from other cutaneous tumors especially Basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We herein describe the histological and immunohistochemical features of TB which clinically and histologically mimiced BCC.

Background ‘POD Adventures’ is a gamified problem-solving intervention delivered via smartphone app, and supported by non-specialist counsellors for a target population of secondary school students in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking a randomised controlled trial of POD Adventures when delivered online with telephone support from counsellors. Method We conducted a parallel, two-arm, individually randomised pilot-controlled trial with 11 secondary schools in Goa, India. Participants received either the POD Adventures intervention delivered over 4 weeks or usual care comprising information about local mental health services and national helplines. Outcomes were assessed at two timepoints: baseline and 6 weeks post-randomisation. Results Seventy-nine classroom sensitisation sessions reaching a total of 1575 students were conducted. Ninety-two self-initiated study referrals (5.8%) were received, but only 11 participants enrolled in the study. No intervention arm participants completed the intervention. Outcomes at 6 weeks were not available for intervention arm participants (n = 5), and only four control arm participants completed outcomes. No qualitative interviews or participant satisfaction measures were completed because participants could not be reached by the study team. Conclusions Despite modifications to address barriers arising from COVID-19 restrictions, online delivery was not feasible in the study context. Low recruitment and missing feasibility and acceptability data make it difficult to draw conclusions about intervention engagement and indicative clinical outcomes. Prior findings showing high uptake, adherence and engagement with POD Adventures when delivered in a school-based context suggest that an online study and delivery posed the biggest barriers to study participation and engagement.

Background and objective Nasal and paranasal lesions are one of the most common otorhinolaryngological presentations encountered in clinical practice. Common presenting symptoms of these lesion range from nasal blockades, facial swellings, pain, nasal discharge, and epistaxis to orbital and ear symptoms. Diagnosis can be tricky as these symptoms are common in inflammatory conditions and tumors. The aim of our study was to observe the epidemiology and clinical pathological findings in patients with nasal and paranasal masses presenting to our institute and discuss the challenges in proper diagnosis and management due to similar presentations, and the role of histopathological examination (HPE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in overcoming these challenges. Methods The IPD records of 396 patients were taken up for the study. All the specimens were sent in 10% neutral buffered formalin for examination as biopsy for diagnosis or after surgical excision. After adequate fixation, the biopsy specimen was submitted for routine processing, followed by paraffin embedding, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Special stains like periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stains for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were used as required. IHC was performed in the required samples. IHC markers were performed on representative paraffin-embedded sections according to the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique as needed. The findings were noted, and histology was correlated with clinical presentations and investigations, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS Statistics (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results Of note, 67.92%% were non-neoplastic lesions whereas 18.18% came out to be benign neoplasms and 13.88% were malignant lesions on HPE. Nasal obstruction was the most common presenting symptom (73.23% of patients) followed by nasal mass (64.14% of cases). Inflammatory sinonasal polyps were the most prominent cases in our study, accounting for 41.16% of all lesions; 18.68% fungal RS (mucormycosis) were seen in our study and 4.54% were cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). The majority of benign neoplasms encountered were Schneiderian papilloma or inverted papilloma (06.81%). Eighteen (4.54%) cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were seen in our study and 2.77% (n=11) cases were of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Of 18 cases of SCC, moderately differentiated SCC carcinoma accounted for 10 cases followed by poorly differentiated SCC (5/18) and nonkeratinizing SCC (3/18). IHC for p40 was performed in all the cases of nonkeratinizing SCC, which showed strong and diffuse nuclear positivity. Conclusion The nasal cavity is the site of the most varied presentation of tumors in the upper respiratory tract. Mass in the nose and paranasal sinus (PNS) form a heterogeneous group of lesions with varied histopathological features. The proximity of the area to the eyes and brain warrants early definitive diagnosis so that the lesion is treated before it can involve important and vital centers. Even though malignant nasal tumors have a very low incidence, they cause a lot of morbidity due to their long course and frequent local recurrences. Nasal tumors tend to become polypoidal. Epithelioid papilloma of the nasal cavity often resembles a nasal polyp. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging due to similar presentations and appearances, and hence histological examination is a vital tool for the timely diagnosis of such patients.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a greater positive impact on the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Stem cell transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for several malignant and nonmalignant life-threatening diseases, more than 40,000 stem cell transplantations are being performed annually worldwide. Methods: pre-experimental, one group pre-test post-test research design was used for conducting a study in a selected hospital of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Subjects comprising of 60 staff nurses selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique, who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Results: Mean post-interventional knowledge (27.0 ± 6.03) is higher than the mean pre-interventional knowledge (15.5 ± 5.74). The mean difference between pre- interventional knowledge and post-interventional knowledge is 11.5. The computed ‘t’ value 15.80, 2.00, P

Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) regulates protein functions by introducing asymmetric dimethylation marks at the arginine residues in proteins. However, very little is known about the interaction partners of PRMT3 and their functional outcomes. Using yeast-two hybrid screening, we identified Retinal dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) as a potential interaction partner of PRMT3 and confirmed this interaction using different methods. ALDH1A1 regulates variety of cellular processes by catalyzing the conversion of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. By molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the specific residues in the catalytic domain of PRMT3 that facilitate interaction with the C-terminal region of ALDH1A1. PRMT3 inhibits the enzymatic activity of ALDH1A1 and negatively regulates the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes in a methyltransferase activity independent manner. Our findings show that in addition to regulating protein functions by introducing methylation modifications, PRMT3 could also regulate global gene expression through protein-protein interactions., Here, the authors demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) interacts with and inhibits the retinal dehydrogenase ALDH1A1, negatively regulating the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes. This study shows that PRMT3 affects diverse biological processes not only by globally regulating protein function through methylation but also by regulating gene expression.

Introduction: Tribal communities are distinct across the India and state of Madhya Pradesh. Thereare few shreds of evidence that addressed the inadequacy of health status in the tribal population ascompared to the non-tribal population. Pregnancy and childbirth care is compounded by issues likepoor nutrition and the education level of girls. Suboptimal access to maternal health services due totraditional beliefs, violence against women and substance abuse are significant. Objectives: Thisstudy is focused to explore and understand the experiences of nurses in maternity care catering tothe tribal population. Material & Methods: A phenomenology study was conducted. Twocommunity health centres from a tribal district were selected. Six in-depth interviews were carriedout to probe the experiences of nurses, data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Results:Major themes that are reflected by nurses are difficult transportation, the high volume of normalvaginal deliveries, initial experiences of conduction of normal and assisted delivery, social andprofessional isolation and traditional tribal practices of pregnancy and childbirth. Conclusion:Understanding the nurses’ experiences are sufficient evidence to render culturally oriented maternitycare and reform the tribal public health system

Inability to communicate can be a distressing problem for the patient who may be unable to speakbecause of the use of the paralyzing drugs or the endotracheal tube. Communication is the essenceof human life. Communication difficulties in intensive care units (ICU) with critically ill patients havebeen well documented for more than three decades. Critical care nurses provide a high level ofskilled nursing for total patient care and often facilitate communication between all of the peopleinvolved in the care of the patient. As part of any procedure, the nurse should explain what willhappen to the patient when the patient cannot speak. The nurse should explore alternative methodsof communication including the use of devices such as picture boards, note pads, magic slats, orcomputer keyboards when speaking with the patient. The nurse can assist the patients and familywith their feeling of anxiety by encouraging them to express concerns, ask questions, and state theirneeds. Methods: For the present review article collected a database from studies that reportedcommunication difficulties with patients admitted in intensive and critical care units because ofmechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, paralyzing drugs or invasive procedures, and studies relatedto methods of improving communication strategies for the patient in the critical care unit. Result:Results suggests that most alternative methods of communication were effective in improvingpatient satisfaction, decreasing patient frustration and facilitating communication. This review articleis aimed that critical care nurses assessing communication needs; identifying appropriate alternativecommunication strategies; create a customized care plan with the patient, the patient’s family, andother health care team members. The present review article focuses on the importance of effectivecommunication between critical care nurses and patients and between all of the people involved inthe care of the patient.

Introduction: Obesity is on the rise among adolescents in urban areas owing to rising affluence and decline of traditional eating habits. Knowing the prevalence of obesity among adolescents is important for developing age-appropriate interventions for prevention of non-communicable diseases in the community. Objectives: To document the prevalence of obesity in a sample of urban adolescents residing in Western India and to compare their BMI for age with WHO 2007 and CDC 2000 growth charts for adolescents. Methods: The data was collected from a cross-sectional sample of 300 adolescents selected purposively, aged 15– 19 years residing in an urban area of Western India in the year of 2018. Age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were used to define overweight and obesity. Result: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.3% and 4.3% respectively as measured by the WHO 2007 reference standards. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.6% and 3.3% respectively when CDC 2000 standards were used and the difference was statistically significant using Chi-square test. Also, there was no significant difference on the basis of gender or socio-economic status of the adolescents using independent t test. Conclusion: One in six adolescents was either obese or overweight in our sample population. Males and females did not differ significantly on BMI categories and effect of socio-economic status was not documented.

Background: Secretary Otitis Media (SOM) is the commonest cause of hearing difficulty in childhood encountered by the Otologist. It is characterized by accumulation of effusion in the middle ear cavity due to altered mucociliary system within middle ear and Eustachian tube.Objectives: To study the common clinical features of Secretary Otitis Media (SOM) and its various treatment modalities.Methods: In our study total 55 subjects with secretary otitis media in less than or equal to 13 years of age were assessed. Demographic data, detail case history and Clinical examination were recorded. Complete otolaryngological examination including ear, TFT, ET Function, nose and throat. Blood investigations, urine examination, audiological examinations like pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry, Urine investigation, Radiological examinations were performed. Microbiological testing of ear effusion and diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) were performed. All the patients were treated first on medical line then followed up for 4 weeks. Refractory cases were considered for surgical modality of treatment like myringotomy with grommet insertion, adenoidectomy with grommet insertion and adenotonsillectomy with grommet insertion.Results: Most of the cases showed significant improvement in signs and symptoms. Good results were seen mostly in patients who had undergone adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy with grommet insertion and in hearing threshold. Post operatively most common complication found was mucopurulent discharge after grommet insertion and at electasis changes. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to parental concern regarding their child’s hearing particularly if there is a recent history of acute otitis media.

The current Covid-19 is the biggest challenge world is facing in the last 100 years. Most of the countries of even developed continents like Europe and North America are facing extreme difÀculty to control the disease. Pre-term newborns are a special population with an immature immune system, placing them at greater risk of severe infections including Covid-19. In addition, most of extremely low birth weight infants develop a severe respiratory distress syndrome at birth and can develop broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. Cases of pneumonia have been described in neonates born to mothers with Covid-19. Although most of the neonatal units are not the epicentre for the disease there is an urgent need to have a contingency plan and preparedness for forthcoming challenges in Neonatal intensive care units (NICU). NICUs need to change their strategies towards family-centred care in place of personalised care for neonates because of the different impacts of the disease on the whole family. A rapid review methodology was applied to review research papers. Two major bibliographic databases Pub med and Google scholar were utilised. Results suggests that literature related to vertical transmission from mother to new born, neonatal resuscitation, breastfeeding, routine care, communication, vaccination, and discharge planning, and care of neonatal dead body are considered good. Special addition of management of moral distress of nurses was done as authors believe that nurses are vital for newborn care and until they are not satisÀ ed. This paper highlights the changes that have occurred in neonatal units and their impact on neonatal care and families.

Introduction. Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is the most common cause of congenital neck mass. These can present anywhere from foramen caecum to mediastinum. Usually presents as a solitary cyst, the double thyroglossal cyst is very rare and a triple thyroglossal cyst has never been reported. Aim. Herein, we report an atypical case of triple thyroglossal cyst, at levels of hyoid, thyrohyoid membrane and thyroid isthmus managed surgically without any complication. Description of the case. We are presenting case of a 48-year-old female who presented to us with the complaint of anterior neck swelling since birth. On work up it was diagnosed as a case of the thyroglossal duct cyst and was intraoperatively found to have 3 distinct cystic swellings connected to a common stalk lying beneath the hyoid. It was successfully treated by modified Sistrunk’s procedure. There was no evidence of recurrence on follow up for 6 months. Considering atypical presentations, there are 9 cases reported with the double thyroglossal duct cyst, TDC within the thyroid gland and sublingual TDC. Such presentations make the diagnosis more challenging, leading to improper treatment. Conclusion. We are presenting this case as there is no case reported in English literature with a triple thyroglossal duct cyst. An awareness that thyroglossal cyst can present as multiple cysts is important for clinician in order to perform correct surgical management and to avoid the most feared complication of recurrence.

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global pandemic. In order to identify this menace, World Health Organisation (WHO) has developed the Global Action Plan on AMR (GAP AMR). Antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSP) have been identified as a decisive tool for combating AMR. One of the most efficient measures of these programs has been the implementation of point prevalence surveys (PPS) of antibiotic usage and subsequent audit feedback. The present study was undertaken to identify the impact of AMSP on curtailing of empirical usage of antibiotics and the augmentation of targeted therapy. Methods It is an observational, cross-sectional study comprising 1396 patients. The microbiology culture details and anti-microbial-sensitivity results were recorded. Antibiotic prescriptions were recorded in each patient during their hospital stay. Result Out of 1396 patients treated over four quarters (Q1-Q4), 711 (50.9%) patients were on antibiotics, and among them, only 415 patients were subjected to any microbiological cultures with an overall bacterial culture rate (BCR) of 58.3%, and 296 patients (41.6%) were treated with antibiotics empirically without sending any samples for bacterial culture. There was a statistically significant rise in BCR from 47.3% in the first quarter to 77.6% in the fourth quarter. Sending specimens for blood culture increased significantly from 29.2% in Q1 to 37.6% in Q4. After receiving culture reports, 72.3% of cases continued with the same antibiotic, the antibiotic was changed in 19.9% of cases, and the antibiotic was stopped in 7.8% of cases. Conclusion There was a strong positive impact of AMSP in curtailment of empirical usage of antibiotics and augmenting targeted therapy as evidenced by the significant rise in BCR over Q1-Q4 PPS as well as a significant rise in ordering for blood culture over the same time period.

Zeolites have gained tremendous attention in various areas of science especially in Green Chemistry. Their unique structure allows them to give different types of applications. What are these Zeolites? In this review various aspects related to Zeolites like structure of Zeolites, their types, their synthetic strategies and their variety of applications are discussed in an interesting and simple language.

COVID 19 Pandemic is most significant disease in last 100 years. It is now becoming challenging tocontrol the Pandemic in different part of world. Some countries are facing 2nd & 3rd wave of severedisease with no evidences of herd immunity in most of European and North American countries. Itbecome more challenging to treat the already co-existing morbidities, seasonal diseases along withCOVID 19.

A Pandemic is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region, multiple continents orworldwide, COVID-19 is a large issue worldwide. A good nurse leader is someone who can inspireothers to work together in pursuit of a common goal, such as enhanced patient care. An effectiveleader has a distinctive set of personal qualities; integrity, courage, initiative and an ability to handlestress, and also taking the effort to think critically, set goals and skilfully communicates andcollaborate. Nurse’s leaders are faced with a variety of challenges in pandemics, including managingresources, advanced planning and goal setting, collaborating with other hospital and communityleaders, improving quality measures, cost-effectiveness, reporting to the board of directors, andmany more. Nurses as effective partners of the health care team, of necessity, have to meet thedemands of these changes adequately and appropriately in respect of their expanded and enrichedroles and responsibilities. Nurse leaders, however, are still confined within their nursing orbit, but,today they have to be visible and interactive members of the multi-disciplinary health team with avision and voice that can be heard. Methods: For the present review article collected a databasefrom Google scholar; search and scrutinize studies related to nurse’s leadership role duringpandemic and article related to Covid-19 outbreak, government, community effort and mitigationstrategies in reducing transmission. Result: Because it is a novel pandemic; results suggest thatmore researches are needed in this field related to driven factors, mitigation strategies and supportof governmental and non-governmental organizations. This review article is aimed that nursingleaders must continue to develop plans that can slow or prevent the progress of widespread illnessesand ensures that all client care provided by the team is carried out in keeping with the objectives ofthe health care organisation.

SummaryThe microtubule associated protein tau oligomerizes in response to stress and disease, but the function of oligomeric tau (oTau) and the ultimate mechanisms of toxicity are unknown. To gain insights, we have now used Cry2-based optogenetics to induce tau oligomers (oTau-c) in neuronal cultures. oTau-c can seed tau aggregation and biochemical fractionates in a manner similar to oTau. Optical induction of oTau elicits a translational stress response that includes cytoplasmic translocation of the TIA1, abundant stress granules (SGs) and reduced protein synthesis. Proteomic analysis identifies HNRNPA2B1 as a principle target of oTau. Imaging and immunoprecipitation verify the HNRNPA2B1 association with endogenous oTau in neurons, animal models and human Alzheimer brain tissue. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that HNRNPA2B1 functions as a linker, connecting oTau with N6-methyladenosine modified transcripts (m6A). Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 prevents oTau from associating with m6A, prevents oTau-induced reductions in protein synthesis and reduces oTau-induced toxicity. Finally, we show striking increases in m6A-oTau and -HNRNPA2B1 complexes in brains of Alzheimer subjects and P301S tau mice. These results reveal a novel complex containing oTau, HNRNPA2B1 and m6A that contributes to the integrated stress response of oTau.HighlightsDevelopment of a powerful method combining optical induction of tau oligomerization with precision mass spectrometry to obtain time resolved evolution of protein interaction networks.Demonstration of a tripartite complex that links tau oligomers with HNRNPA2B1 and N6-methyladenosine modified RNA in cytoplasmic stress granules.Knockdown of HNRNPA2B 1 abrogates the interactions of oTau with N6-methyladenosine modified RNA, as well as inhibits oTau-mediated neurodegeneration.Discovery that N6-methyladenosine modified RNA is significantly increased in the brains of P301S tau transgenic mice and in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic, exerts a massive health and socioeconomic crisis. The virus infects alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s), leading to lung injury and impaired gas exchange, but the mechanisms driving infection and pathology are unclear. We performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic survey of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2s (iAT2s) infected with SARS-CoV-2 at air-liquid interface (ALI). Time course analysis revealed rapid remodeling of diverse host systems, including signaling, RNA processing, translation, metabolism, nuclear integrity, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal-microtubule organization, leading to cell cycle arrest, genotoxic stress, and innate immunity. Comparison to analogous data from transformed cell lines revealed respiratory-specific processes hijacked by SARS-CoV-2, highlighting potential novel therapeutic avenues that were validated by a high hit rate in a targeted small molecule screen in our iAT2 ALI system., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 infection in induced lung cells is characterized by phosphoproteomics • Analysis of response reveals host cell signaling and protein expression profile • Comparison to studies in undifferentiated cell lines shows unique pathology in iAT2s • Systems-level predictions find druggable pathways that can impede viral life cycle, Hekman et al. describe how a layer of primary stem cells (iAT2s) recapitulating lung biology responds to infection with SARS-CoV-2. They compare their work to previous studies with immortalized cell lines. Their data predict what effect the virus has on a lung cell and which drugs may slow infection.

Rationale, aims, and objectives The recent outbreak of coronavirus (COVID‐19) has infected around 1 560 000 individuals till 10 April 2020, which has resulted in 95 000 deaths globally. While no vaccine or anti‐viral drugs for COVID‐19 are available, lockdown acts as a protective public health measures to reduce human interaction and lower transmission. The study aims to explore the impact of delayed planning or lack of planning for the lockdown and inadequate implementation of the lockdown, on the transmission rate of COVID‐19. Method Epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19 cases as reported by public health authorities were accessed from six countries based on total number of infected cases, namely, United States and Italy (more than 100 000 cases); United Kingdom, and France (50 000‐100 000 cases), and India and Russia (6000‐10 000 cases). The Bayesian inferential technique was used to observe the changes (three points) in pattern of number of cases on different duration of exposure (in days) in these selected countries 1 month after World Health Organization (WHO) declaration about COVID‐19 as a global pandemic. Results On comparing the pattern of transmission rates observed in these six countries at posterior estimated change points, it is found that partial implementation of lockdown (in the United States), delayed planning in lockdown (Russia, United Kingdom, and France), and inadequate implementation of the lockdown (in India and Italy) were responsible to the spread of infections. Conclusions In order to control the spreading of COVID‐19, like other national and international laws, lockdown must be implemented and enforced. It is suggested that on‐time or adequate implementation of lockdown is a step towards social distancing and to control the spread of this pandemic.

As COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, people in all countries are being encouraged to take preventive measuress to prevent transmission, including in many countries by staying at home and physical distancing. But a pandemic does not erase other diseases and their impact. While many services, including some health services, are being scaled back, the risk of further outbreaks of infectious diseases grows. The healthcare disruptions caused by COVID-19 could have a devastating impact on child mortality.

The microtubule associated protein tau oligomerizes in response to stress and disease, but the function of oligomeric tau (oTau) and the ultimate mechanisms of toxicity are unknown. To gain insights, we have now used Cry2-based optogenetics to induce tau oligomers (oTau-c) in neuronal cultures. oTau-c can seed tau aggregation and biochemical fractionatesin a manner similar to oTau. Optical induction of oTau elicits a translational stress response that includes cytoplasmic translocation of the TIA1, abundant stress granules(SGs) and reduced protein synthesis. Proteomic analysis identifies HNRNPA2B1 as a principle target of oTau. Imaging and immunoprecipitation verify the HNRNPA2B1 association with endogenous oTau in neurons, animal models and human Alzheimer brain tissue. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that HNRNPA2B1 functions as a linker, connecting oTau with N6-methyladenosine modified transcripts (m6A). Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 prevents oTau from associating with m6A, prevents oTau-induced reductions in protein synthesis and reduces oTau-induced toxicity. Finally, we show striking increases in m6A-oTau and -HNRNPA2B1 complexes in brains of Alzheimer subjects and P301S tau mice. These results reveal a novel complex containing oTau, HNRNPA2B1 and m6A that contributes to the integrated stress response of oTau.

We combine optogenetics with proteomics for time-resolved identification of tau oligomer (oTau) protein interactomes. Optically induced tau oligomerization is elicits a translational stress response exhibiting increased cytoplasmic localization of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified transcripts that partially co-localize with oTau, stress granules composed of HNRNPA2B1 and TIA1 but not G3BP1. Appearance of the cytoplasmic m6A complex occurs with a concomitant reduction in protein synthesis. Persistent tau oligomerization elicits neurodegeneration. We show that cytoplasmic translocation of m6A labeled transcripts is a prominent neuropathological feature of tauopathy in P301S tau mice and Alzheimer’s disease brain. Characterization of the oTau proteome identifies the RNA binding protein, HNRNPA2B1 as a principle target of oTau. Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 abrogates the association of oTau with m6A-labeled transcripts, preventing the oTau-induced reduction in protein synthesis and reducing neurodegeneration. These results suggest that oTau elicits stress and toxicity through binding to HNRNPA2B1, which functions as a reader of m6A-labeled transcripts.

The treatment gap for autism globally is high. Our previous PASS intervention, delivered by community based lay health workers, showed effectiveness. This article reports the development and evaluation of a new "PASS 'Plus'" intervention in a rural population in India. Using formative research methods, we supplemented the PASS intervention with additional (Plus) modules to address autism comorbidities. This is the first time that a rigorous methodology has been used to evaluate autism symptom outcomes in a low and middle-income country setting. 40 parent-child dyads were recruited in a pilot randomized controlled trial against usual care (mean age 65 months (34 boys); n = 19 PASS Plus, n = 21 UC). 89% of intervention families partially or entirely completed the 12-session intervention. Intention to treat analysis showed a reduction in mean scores of autism symptom severity, though the confidence interval contains zero, (adjusted mean difference AMD -2.42 95% CI -7.75, 2.92; ES 0.22); large treatment effects on proximal outcomes of proportion of parent synchronous responses (AMD 0.35; 95% CI 0.18, 0.52; effect size ES 3.97) and proportion of child communication initiations with parent (AMD 0·17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.32; ES 1.02). Confidence intervals for effects on mutual shared attention (AMD 0.10; 95% CI -0.07, 0.27; ES 0.5) and co-morbid symptoms (AMD -9.0; 95% CI -24.26, 6.26; ES 0.32) contained zero. There were significant effects to improve parental mental health. PASS Plus shows good feasibility and adds to the evidence of the effectiveness of task sharing complex autism interventions to lay health workers in India. Autism Res 2019, 12: 328-339 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This article describes the development of a comprehensive, community-delivered, intervention for young children with autism, which combines a previously developed parent-mediated communication intervention with support for co-morbid problems like challenging behaviors and sensory sensitivities. The unique aspect of this intervention is that it can be delivered by community health workers, addressing the lack of specialists in low resource settings. Our study reports the encouraging findings of a pilot trial evaluating its feasibility and effectiveness.

Introduction:Cerebral Palsy is not a disease but a condition affecting health and well being of a child. Reports claim a rising incidence of cerebral palsy. Fifty children with cerebral palsy were studied to find out the etiological factors and the clinical findings. Method: A retrospective, cohort, observational study was done in 50 children with cerebral palsy attending the department of Pediatric,Tezpur Medical College, Assam from Feb 2016 to Nov 2017. Results:Male to female ratio was 7:3. Prenatal, natal and postnatal factors were found in 16%, 30% and 38% of cases respectively. In 8% of cases, cause was unknown.Birth Asphyxia was the commonest cause and spasticity was the commonest clinical type. Epilepsy and speech defect were the commonest problems associated with cerebral palsy. In 86% of cases the cause of 1stconsultation was after 3 years with complain of not able to walk. Of all the cases 6% were diagnosed at High Risk Clinic at around 6 months of age. Conclusions: This study suggestsimprovement of maternal and child health care and follow up of high riskchildren from birth onwards.

Among the proteins predicted to be a part of the DExD box RNA helicase family, the functions of DDX49 are unknown. Here, we characterize the enzymatic activities and functions of DDX49 by comparing its properties with the well-studied RNA helicase, DDX39B. We find that DDX49 exhibits a robust ATPase and RNA helicase activity, significantly higher than that of DDX39B. DDX49 is required for the efficient export of poly (A)+ RNA from nucleus in a splicing-independent manner. Furthermore, DDX49 is a resident protein of nucleolus and regulates the steady state levels of pre-ribosomal RNA by regulating its transcription and stability. These dual functions of regulating mRNA export and pre-ribosomal RNA levels enable DDX49 to modulate global translation. Phenotypically, DDX49 promotes proliferation and colony forming potential of cells. Strikingly, DDX49 is significantly elevated in diverse cancer types suggesting that the increased abundance of DDX49 has a role in oncogenic transformation of cells. Taken together, this study shows the physiological role of DDX49 in regulating distinct steps of mRNA and pre-ribosomal RNA metabolism and hence translation and potential pathological role of its dysregulation, especially in cancers.

Abdominal Pain is very common reason for Out Patients Department and ward visit. In Pediatric population almost more than half cases are not having anyu specific reason for that. These are classified as Functional Abdominal pain. Many times patients insist for radiographic evaluation. It is worthy to check if there is any gyenecological issues in these cases.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) catalyzes the introduction of monomethylation marks at the arginine residues of substrate proteins. PRMT7 plays important roles in the regulation of gene expression, splicing, DNA damage, paternal imprinting, cancer and metastasis. However, little is known about the interaction partners of PRMT7. To address this, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening of PRMT7 and identified argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) as a potential interaction partner of PRMT7. We confirmed that PRMT7 directly interacts with ASS1 using pull-down studies. ASS1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step of arginine synthesis in urea cycle and citrulline-nitric oxide cycle. We mapped the interface of PRMT7-ASS1 complex through computational approaches and validated the predicted interface in vivo by site-directed mutagenesis. Evolutionary analysis revealed that the ASS1 residues important for PRMT7-ASS1 interaction have co-evolved with PRMT7. We showed that ASS1 mutations linked to type I citrullinemia disrupt the ASS1-PRMT7 interaction, which might explain the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.

Coronavirus infections were first reported from Wuhan China. Although there is controversy about numbers of affected patients, it is assumed that millions of population have been affected already in China.

Methylation of proteins is emerging to be an important regulator of protein function. SET7/9, a protein lysine methyltransferase, catalyses methylation of several proteins involved in diverse biological processes. SET7/9-mediated methylation often regulates the stability, sub-cellular localization and protein-protein interactions of its substrate proteins. Here, we aimed to identify novel biological processes regulated by SET7/9 by identifying new interaction partners. For this we used yeast two-hybrid screening and identified the large subunit ribosomal protein, eL42 as a potential interactor of SET7/9. We confirmed the SET7/9-eL42 interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown studies. The N-terminal MORN domain of SET7/9 is essential for its interaction with eL42. Importantly, we identified that SET7/9 methylates eL42 at three different lysines - Lys53, Lys80 and Lys100 through site-directed mutagenesis. By puromycin incorporation assay, we find that SET7/9-mediated methylation of eL42 affects global translation. This study identifies a new role of the functionally versatile SET7/9 lysine methyltransferase in the regulation of global protein synthesis.

Background: Assessment of mental health of undergraduate Indian nursing students using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and determination of associated potential risk factors. Aims: The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among undergraduate nursing students, in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study also aimed to find out potential risk factors associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the study population. Methodology: The study was an analytical, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study done on undergraduate nursing students at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. Data about depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms was collected by administering the DASS-21 questionnaire, to the participating individuals in English language. Prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms was done described in percentages. Binomial logistic regression analysis was done to find out factors associated with moderate-to-severe grade of symptoms. Results: Our study shows the prevalence of moderate to very severe depressive symptoms to be 34.1%. Similarly, prevalence of moderate to very severe anxiety and stress symptoms was found to be 61.9% and 17.7%, respectively. On doing binomial logistic regression analysis, family relationship was found to be significantly associated with depressive (P = 0.00, odds ratio [OR] 0.638 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.877–0.464]) and stress (P = 0.002, OR 0.582 [95% CI 0.822–0.412]) symptoms. Similarly, adequate friend support was found to be significantly associated with anxiety (P = 0.04, OR 0.785 [95% CI 0.923–0.602]) and stress symptoms (P = 0.007, OR 0.645 [95% CI 0.885–0.469]). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among nursing students is alarmingly high. In our study, lack of healthy family relations and lack of friend support were found to be two main risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. There is a need to acknowledge the mental health issues of nursing students and to devise strategies to tackle them efficiently.