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In accordance with increasing the fertility and fiber quality indicators of the cotton plant various research works are being conducted. The agrotechnical techniques applied in the research had a diverse effect on cotton varieties fertility increase. More yield was obtained in both varieties with 90x10x1 (111 thousand plants) sowing scheme, N100P50K40 fertilizer rate, pinching on August 1 and harvesting on September 25. Fertility was 37,6 cent/ha in Ganja-103 variety and 43,7 cent/ha in Ganja-110 variety. Depending on agrotechnical techniques, the economic indicators of both varieties differed to some extent. In the Ganja-103 variety, the highest indicator was observed in the version of 90x10x1 (111 thousand plants) sowing scheme, N100P50K40 fertilizer rate, pinching on August 1 and harvesting on September 25 version, the net produce in that version was 1610 manat and profitability level as 133,1 %. In the Ganja-110 variety, of 90x10x1 (111 thousand plants) sowing scheme, N100P50K40 fertilizer rate, pinching on August 1 and harvesting on September 25 version net produce was 1980 manat and profitability level as 152,7 %. Economic indicators in Ganja-110 variety were higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern globalization, the development of the mother tongue in the world, the improvement of its norms of speech culture does not only serve the purpose of raising the level of this language use. The increasing expansion of the international integration environment, the borderless dissemination of information, the expansion of inter-country public, social, cultural, and economic relations make the strategic opportunities of the language take a new dimension. Speech culture, being the most important and leading part of the general culture of people, is one of the components. In addition to the culture of speech, writing is included in this concept alongside culture. A person who acquires such a high quality is a social member of the society. Speech culture is a practical field of linguistics, language as a means of communication learns how to use it. Therefore, speech culture is not considered a theoretical, but a practical field of linguistics. That is, speech culture, first of all, as a means of communication through language of philology, the rules of use, the field studied on the basis of science is required. At the same time, ıt is used to express the quality of this or that speech manifestation depending on a concept. This is the speech of every representative of the people, it is a different use of the means of communication, it is the speech of different people.

It has been claimed that ‘no individual’s linguistic repertoire is perfect’ (Maleki 2007, as cited in (Hmaid, 2014)). Both indigenous and non-native participants of any community frequently encounter obstacles, relying on restricted verbal tools to convey their intention. Communication strategies are the methods through which speakers seek to bridge the barrier amongst all individuals who wish to convey and the instantly accessible language assets. The significance of English cannot be overstated. Paragraph fragmentation, run-on phrases, and general topic alignment are the major opponents of proper grammar. Communicating is the most fundamental mode of interaction. That is the only fundamental human privilege with the fewest limits and is regarded as extremely essential by the legislation. Currently, fluency in English is practically a must for accomplishment in the globe. This research paper reveals a mixed-method methodology in scrutinizing possible effective modules and types for oral communication skills in the English language. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were taken into consideration throughout the whole investigation, where the studies of Dhani Ram Sharma, Apisara Sritulanon, Panna Chaturongakul, Thapanee Thammetar, Anne Syomwene, Zhanli Yang, Yaseen Hmaid, JD Singh had a huge impact on the results and discussions of the research. The main obstacles illustrated throughout the research were lack of preparation, lack of spoken English, poor vocabulary, inability to clearly understand native speakers or others speaking this language, and inability to express ideas that were discussed and analyzed with the offered solutions. The following research objectives are being analyzed throughout the investigation: making a significant commitment for persuading instructors & others; developing a conceptual method for instructors; promoting the benefits of communication skills; offering a skill different from conventional learning speaking skills to learning English; examining the efficacy of conversation skills. Examples, strategies, and recommendations illustrated by the authors in the following sections of the research paper underline the importance of oral communication skills both in the teaching environment and in the professional sphere. Furthermore, the analysis of statistics made by Dhani Ram Sharma, stressed the positive impacts of strategies used by them in improving and developing students’ communication skills. Moreover, the results and discussions concerning the revealing of research findings affirm that activities and strategies implemented were successful enough for future professional accomplishments of oral communication skills.

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Firstly it has been experimentally revealed that the cause of the anomalous properties manifestation of viscous fluids and particularly water and these properties increase for anomalous fluids in the cracks is a new micro-cracked effect "fluid-medium" system. It is recommended scientific and practical results of the micro-cracked effect in "fluidmedium" system which can be considered for analysis of the different industry fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health workforce, we aimed to develop a framework that synergizes natural language processing (NLP) techniques and human-generated analysis to reduce, organize, classify, and analyze a vast volume of publicly available news articles to complement scientific literature and support strategic policy dialogue, advocacy, and decision-making., Objective: This study aimed to explore the possibility of systematically scanning intelligence from media that are usually not captured or best gathered through structured academic channels and inform on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health workforce, contributing factors to the pervasiveness of the impacts, and policy responses, as depicted in publicly available news articles. Our focus was to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and, concurrently, assess the feasibility of gathering health workforce insights from open sources rapidly., Methods: We conducted an NLP-assisted media content analysis of open-source news coverage on the COVID-19 pandemic published between January 2020 and June 2022. A data set of 3,299,158 English news articles on the COVID-19 pandemic was extracted from the World Health Organization Epidemic Intelligence through Open Sources (EIOS) system. The data preparation phase included developing rules-based classification, fine-tuning an NLP summarization model, and further data processing. Following relevancy evaluation, a deductive-inductive approach was used for the analysis of the summarizations. This included data extraction, inductive coding, and theme grouping., Results: After processing and classifying the initial data set comprising 3,299,158 news articles and reports, a data set of 5131 articles with 3,007,693 words was devised. The NLP summarization model allowed for a reduction in the length of each article resulting in 496,209 words that facilitated agile analysis performed by humans. Media content analysis yielded results in 3 sections: areas of COVID-19 impacts and their pervasiveness, contributing factors to COVID-19-related impacts, and responses to the impacts. The results suggest that insufficient remuneration and compensation packages have been key disruptors for the health workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to industrial actions and mental health burdens. Shortages of personal protective equipment and occupational risks have increased infection and death risks, particularly at the pandemic's onset. Workload and staff shortages became a growing disruption as the pandemic progressed., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the capacity of artificial intelligence-assisted media content analysis applied to open-source news articles and reports concerning the health workforce. Adequate remuneration packages and personal protective equipment supplies should be prioritized as preventive measures to reduce the initial impact of future pandemics on the health workforce. Interventions aimed at lessening the emotional toll and workload need to be formulated as a part of reactive measures, enhancing the efficiency and maintainability of health delivery during a pandemic., (©Anita Pienkowska, Mathieu Ravaut, Maleyka Mammadova, Chin-Siang Ang, Hanyu Wang, Qi Chwen Ong, Iva Bojic, Vicky Mengqi Qin, Dewan Md Sumsuzzman, Onyema Ajuebor, Mathieu Boniol, Juana Paola Bustamante, James Campbell, Giorgio Cometto, Siobhan Fitzpatrick, Catherine Kane, Shafiq Joty, Josip Car. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 13.06.2024.)

Background: Invasive fungal infections have been described throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Cryptococcal disease after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in several isolated case reports and 1 larger case series. We sought to describe cryptococcal infections following SARS-CoV-2 through establishing a database to investigate underlying risk factors, disease manifestations, and outcomes., Methods: We created a crowdsourced call for cases solicited through the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infectious Diseases Network, and infectious diseases Twitter groups. Data were collected in a web-based and secure REDCap survey without personal identifiers., Results: Sixty-nine cases were identified and submitted by 29 separate institutional sites. Cryptococcosis was diagnosed a median of 22 days (interquartile range, 9-42 days) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mortality among those with available follow-up was 72% (26/36) for the immunocompetent group and 48% (15/31) for the immunocompromised group (likelihood ratio, 4.01; P = .045). We observed a correlation between disease manifestation (central nervous system infection, proven/probable disseminated disease, and respiratory) and mortality (P = .002)., Conclusions: The mortality rate of 59% for patients with cryptococcosis following SARS-CoV-2 is higher than that of modern Cryptococcus cohorts. There was an association between immunocompromised status and cryptococcal disease manifestations as well as mortality. Moreover, our series emphasizes the need for clinical and laboratory assessment of opportunistic infections beyond 30 days when concerning symptoms develop., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. J. M. reports royalties or licenses from UpToDate. L. O.-Z. reports grants or contracts to institution from Pfizer, Scynexis, and Pulmocide; consulting fees to author from Pfizer, Gilead, Cidara, and F2G; and roles as President of MSGERC and Vice-President of ICHS. P. G. P. reports grants or contracts from Astellas, Scynexis, Gilead, Cidara, Melinta, and F2G, and consulting fees from Melinta, Matinas, F2G, and Cidara. J. P. reports royalties or licenses from UpToDate and Pulmocide (data review). A. S. reports grants or contracts from Astellas and Mayne, and consulting fees from F2G and GSK. P. V. reports grants or contracts paid to Mayo Clinic from Cidara, Scynexis, and Ansun; payment or honoraria paid to author from Merck Manual (author of chapter on fungi); and participation on a data and safety monitoring board or advisory board for AbbVie and Scynexis (payments to Mayo Clinic). All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) continue to increase in prevalence, leading to problematic clinical outcomes. Omadacycline (OMC) is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic with FDA orphan drug and fast-track designations for pulmonary NTM infections, including Mycobacteroides abscessus (MAB). This multicenter retrospective study across 16 U.S. medical institutions from January 2020 to March 2023 examined the long-term clinical success, safety, and tolerability of OMC for NTM infections. The cohort included patients aged ≥18 yr, who were clinically evaluable, and` had been treated with OMC for ≥3 mo without a previous diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The primary outcome was 3 mo clinical success, with secondary outcomes including clinical improvement and mortality at 6- and 12 mo, persistence or reemergence of infection, adverse effects, and reasons for OMC utilization. Seventy-five patients were included in this analysis. Most patients were female (48/75, 64.0%) or Caucasian (58/75, 77.3%), with a median (IQR) age of 59 yr (49-67). Most had NTM pulmonary disease (33/75, 44.0%), skin and soft tissue disease (19/75, 25.3%), or osteomyelitis (10/75, 13.3%), and Mycobacterium abscessus (60/75, 80%) was the most commonly isolated NTM pathogen. The median (IQR) treatment duration was 6 mo (4 - 14), and the most commonly co-administered antibiotic was azithromycin (33/70, 47.1%). Three-month clinical success was observed in 80.0% (60/75) of patients, and AEs attributable to OMC occurred in 32.0% (24/75) of patients, leading to drug discontinuation in 9.3% (7/75)., Competing Interests: A.E., T.M., K.L., M.G.T-O., R.V., C.W., Y.H., R.W.S., J.D.Z, A.J.W., A.S., C.L.C, M.M., V.E.U, S.B., K.C.M., M.T., E.A.K., J.B., T.W.G., C.H., M.G.C., D.J.H., J.J.F., M.B., A.O., J.S. have no conflicts of interest to disclose. S.A. is currently an employee of Aimmune Therapeutics, a Nestle Company. J.V.P. has been on advisory boards for Insmed, A2N, Paratek Pharmaceuticals, and Cipla Technologies, and has spoken for Insmed. M.P.V. received research funding from Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Insmed, AN2, Spero, Hillrom, and Electromed. C.M-C. has consulted for HIVE Medical Inc, and has received grant funding from the CDC (CDC# 1U54CK000617-01-00). C.T.F. has spoken for Insmed. R.H. has consulted for and received research funding from Biofire Diagnostics. K.A.C. is currently employed by Janssen pharmaceutical companies of Johnson & Johnson and has received consulting fees from Insmed, Hillrom, Merck, and Microbion, and AN2, unrelated to the current investigation, and was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute K08 HL1139994 and the Burroughs Welcome Fund Career Award for Medical Scientists. M.J.R. has received funds for research and consulting or participated in speaking bureaus for Abbvie, Baselia, Ferring, Melinta, Merck, Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Shionogi, Tetraphase, and T2 Biosystems and is partially supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R21 AI163726. Conflicts that the editors considered relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern, including in Singapore. Diabetes education programs have been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and diabetes self-management skills. Mobile health apps have emerged as useful tools for diabetes education; however, their use and acceptance by the target population remain inconsistent. Therefore, end-user participation in the design and development of a mobile health app is crucial for designing an acceptable app that can improve outcomes for populations with a chronic disease., Objective: The objective of this study was to apply an end-user participatory approach to co-design a diabetes education app prototype for people living with T2D by exploring their perceptions, acceptance, and usability of an app prototype, as well as their diabetes experience and perspectives on digital diabetes education., Methods: A total of 8 people with T2D, who were recruited from diabetes management Facebook groups, participated in 4 web-based surveys via Qualtrics and 2 structured interviews via Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc) between August 20, 2021, and January 28, 2022. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses of the discussion and iterative feedback on the app prototype were used to assess the participants' perceptions of living with T2D, attitudes toward digital diabetes education, and acceptance of the prototype., Results: Analyses of the surveys and interview data revealed 3 themes: challenges of living with T2D; validation, acceptability, and usability of the diabetes education app prototype; and perspectives on digital diabetes education. In the first theme, participants highlighted the importance of solitary accountability, translating knowledge into practice, and developing pragmatic self-consciousness. The second theme indicated that the diabetes education app prototype was acceptable, with information and appearance being key; revealed ambivalent and polarized opinions toward the chatbot; and confirmed potential impact of the app on diabetes self-management skills and practice. The third theme comprised the necessity of using a variety of information-seeking strategies and recommendations for desired content and app qualities, including accessibility, adaptability, autonomy, evidence-based design and content, gamification, guidance, integration, personalization, and up-to-date content. The findings were used to reiterate the app design., Conclusions: Despite a small sample size, the study demonstrated the feasibility of engaging and empowering people living with T2D to consider digital therapeutics for diabetes self-management skills and practice. Participants gave rather positive feedback on the design and content of the app prototype, with some recommendations for improvements. The findings suggest that incorporating end-user feedback into app design can lead to the creation of feasible and acceptable tools for diabetes education, potentially improving outcomes for populations with a chronic disease. Further research is needed to test the impact of the refined diabetes education app prototype on diabetes self-management skills and practice and quality of life., (©Anita Pienkowska, Chin-Siang Ang, Maleyka Mammadova, Muhammad Daniel Azlan Mahadzir, Josip Car. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 18.09.2023.)

Objective: Digital health has recently gained a foothold in monitoring and improving diabetes care. We aim to explore the views of patients, carers and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the use of a novel patient-owned wound surveillance application as part of outpatient management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs)., Methods: Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with patients, carers and HCPs in wound care for DFUs. The participants were recruited from a primary care polyclinic network and two tertiary hospitals in Singapore, within the same healthcare cluster. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used to select participants with differing attributes to ensure heterogeneity. Common themes relating to the wound imaging app were captured., Results: A total of 20 patients, 5 carers and 20 HCPs participated in the qualitative study. None of the participants have used a wound imaging app before. Regarding a patient-owned wound surveillance app, all were open and receptive to the system and workflow for use in DFU care. Four major themes emerged from patients and carers: (1) technology, (2) application features and usability, (3) feasibility of using the wound imaging application and (4) logistics of care. Four major themes were identified from HCPs: (1) attitudes towards wound imaging app, (2) preferences regarding functionality, (3) perceived challenges for patients/carers and (4) perceived barriers for HCPs., Conclusion: Our study highlighted several barriers and facilitators from patients, carers and HCPs regarding the use of a patient-owned wound surveillance app. These findings demonstrate the potential of digital health and areas to improve and tailor a DFU wound app suitable for implementation in the local population., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: KW is Chief Medical Officer at eKare Inc. (USA)., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Background: Digital education has expanded since the COVID-19 pandemic began. A substantial amount of recent data on how students learn has become available for learning analytics (LA). LA denotes the "measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs.", Objective: This scoping review aimed to examine the use of LA in health care professions education and propose a framework for the LA life cycle., Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search of 10 databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ICTP, Scopus, and IEEE Explore. In total, 6 reviewers worked in pairs and performed title, abstract, and full-text screening. We resolved disagreements on study selection by consensus and discussion with other reviewers. We included papers if they met the following criteria: papers on health care professions education, papers on digital education, and papers that collected LA data from any type of digital education platform., Results: We retrieved 1238 papers, of which 65 met the inclusion criteria. From those papers, we extracted some typical characteristics of the LA process and proposed a framework for the LA life cycle, including digital education content creation, data collection, data analytics, and the purposes of LA. Assignment materials were the most popular type of digital education content (47/65, 72%), whereas the most commonly collected data types were the number of connections to the learning materials (53/65, 82%). Descriptive statistics was mostly used in data analytics in 89% (58/65) of studies. Finally, among the purposes for LA, understanding learners' interactions with the digital education platform was cited most often in 86% (56/65) of papers and understanding the relationship between interactions and student performance was cited in 63% (41/65) of papers. Far less common were the purposes of optimizing learning: the provision of at-risk intervention, feedback, and adaptive learning was found in 11, 5, and 3 papers, respectively., Conclusions: We identified gaps for each of the 4 components of the LA life cycle, with the lack of an iterative approach while designing courses for health care professions being the most prevalent. We identified only 1 instance in which the authors used knowledge from a previous course to improve the next course. Only 2 studies reported that LA was used to detect at-risk students during the course's run, compared with the overwhelming majority of other studies in which data analysis was performed only after the course was completed., (©Iva Bojic, Maleyka Mammadova, Chin-Siang Ang, Wei Lung Teo, Cristina Diordieva, Anita Pienkowska, Dragan Gašević, Josip Car. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.05.2023.)

Objectives: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) may be at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress compared to the general population. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness practice as delivered using Headspace on psychological and cognitive outcomes among HCWs in Singapore., Methods: A total of 80 HCWs were recruited and randomly assigned to engage in either 3 weeks (10 min/day) of mindfulness practice using Headspace or an active control condition ( Lumosity ; involving playing cognitive games). Participants were administered several self-report measures and two working memory (digit span) tasks at pre- and post-intervention, and one-month follow-up., Results: There were no significant between-condition changes on any outcome variables from pre- to post-intervention. From pre-intervention to 1-month follow-up, there were significantly greater improvements among Headspace participants on fear of COVID-19 ( p  = .005), compassion satisfaction ( p  = .007), trait mindfulness ( p  = .002), self-compassion ( p  = .005), sleep quality ( p  = .002), and the forward digit span task ( p  < .001). Several outcomes were mediated by increases in trait mindfulness or self-compassion., Conclusions: Use of Headspace may lead to downstream benefits in reducing distress and improving psychological health outcomes among HCWs. The findings have implications for improving psychological support resources for HCWs amidst a pandemic., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04936893)., Competing Interests: Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022.)