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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is one of the non-destructive quality assessment methods providing both spatial and spectral information. HSI in food quality and safety can detect the presence of contaminants, adulterants, and quality attributes, such as moisture, ripeness, and microbial spoilage, in a non-destructive manner by analyzing spectral signatures of food components in a wide range of wavelengths with speed and accuracy. However, analyzing HSI data can be quite complicated and time consuming, in addition to needing some special expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown immense promise in HSI for the assessment of food quality because it is so powerful at coping with irrelevant information, extracting key features, and building calibration models. This review has shown various machine learning (ML) approaches applied to HSI for quality and safety control of foods. It covers the basic concepts of HSI, advanced preprocessing methods, and strategies for wavelength selection and machine learning methods. The application of HSI to AI increases the speed with which food safety and quality can be inspected. This happens through automation in contaminant detection, classification, and prediction of food quality attributes. So, it can enable decisions in real-time by reducing human error at food inspection. This paper outlines their benefits, challenges, and potential improvements while again assessing the validity and practical usability of HSI technologies in developing reliable calibration models for food quality and safety monitoring. The review concludes that HSI integrated with state-of-the-art AI techniques has good potential to significantly improve the assessment of food quality and safety, and that various ML algorithms have their strengths, and contexts in which they are best applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the analysis and modeling of the optimal connection between an asynchronous three-phase electrical induction motor and a horizontal centrifuge used in olive oil extraction. The simulation, carried out using the well-established Simscape Electrical by Matlab R2024a, offers the advantage of reducing the purchasing cost of the electronic drivers and electric motors to be tested. Different connection cases among the electronic motor driver, the electric motor, and the horizontal centrifuge were examined. The findings indicate that the oversizing of the electric motor is required to increase the machine efficiency and to reduce the overall specific energy consumption; however, the asymptotic behavior of the specific energy consumption, being related to the motor power, places a limit on the motor oversizing. Indeed, raising the motor power reduces the specific energy consumption; however, this effect can be unimportant if considering the higher cost involved in purchasing both the electrical motor and the electronic motor driver. The results show that an overall percentage saving of specific energy consumption of 3.1% and 4.0% can be achieved with a slight (7.5 kW) and a medium (11 kW) oversizing of the electric motor, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical damage of olive caused by harvesting machines is one of the main reasons for the quality reduction of produced olive oil. The hand‐held rotary harvester (RH) is a machine that is used in small orchards extensively. The present paper focuses on utilizing the finite element method (FEM) to define the percentage of bruising damage by RH with two different materials of the head component (Ethylene Propylene Rubber and Neoprene). Three cultivars, ripening stage, and rotational speeds of RH head components were considered for experimental and simulation methods. The controlled impactor device was developed to validate the simulation process. The simulation and experimental results showed the Ethylene Propylene Rubber head produced less stress and bruise volume than the Neoprene head. Moreover, the quality characteristics of extracted olive oil, including free fatty acid, peroxide value, K232 and K270 coefficients, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, total phenol, and total flavonoid were measured. Finally, the correlation of quality characteristics of olive oil, measured bruise volume and simulated was investigated using linear model and principal components analysis. Practical applications: Despite the advancement of horticulture industries, the demand for optimization of agricultural machinery to decrease mechanical damage during the harvest process exists. The hand‐held olive harvester causes the bruise phenomenon reduction, leading to decrease quality of extracted olive oil. In this research, the time‐dependent finite element method based on dynamic‐explicit was utilized to simulate the harvest process. The results show that using the numerical and statistical methods, the producer factories of olive harvester machines can optimize the devices to enhance the quality of harvested olive and extracted olive oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The number of patients with COVID-19 has rapidly increased, thereby exceeding the capacities of health systems and causing serious losses in affected countries because of the rapid spreading potential, high virulence, and lack of vaccine and proven antiviral therapy. This may indicate the importance of protocol-based treatments in maintaining the treatment process accurately, with minimal errors. This study aimed to present the results of a protocol-based treatment prepared in accordance with the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 treatment guideline.” Materials And Methods: This retrospective and prospective study used data of five hospitals. Intensive care and treatment approaches were carried out in accordance with the “COVID-19 approach protocol” prepared according to the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 treatment guideline.” Results: A total of 1143 patients admitted to five hospitals were hospitalized with a prediagnosis of COVID-19, and 115 patients needed intensive care. Among them, patients without COVID-19 were excluded and the remaining 77 patients were evaluated. In this study, 9 (11.7%) of the 77 patients were lost. While the mortality rate did not differ by sex (p=0.661), the mean age of deceased patients was significantly higher (p=0.006). Considering their comorbidities, the mortality rates of patients with hypertension, chronic renal failure, and cancer were significantly higher (p=0.034, p=0.014, and p=0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The mortality rate in this series may suggest that the treatments performed in line with the “Survival in Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 treatment guideline” are useful. However, when the causes of mortality and morbidity were evaluated, good observation of neurological, infective, respiratory, and immune complications may be considered the main factor in reducing mortality and should be included in the guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Surgical stress combined with general anaesthesia (GA) suppresses the immune system and leads to cancer cell growth and premature metastasis in major oncological interventions. Epidural analgesia decreases the need for inhalation agents and opioids during surgery by suppressing sympathetic and neuroendocrine responses in the postoperative period. This study aimed to compare the effects of combined general/epidural anaesthesia (GEA)+patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and GA+IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α) , interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods: Sixty-five patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were randomly enrolled to the GEA group, i.e., combined GEA+ PCEA (0.1% bupivacaine+1 μg mL -1 fentanyl) and the GA group, namely combined GA+IV PCA (0.03 mg mL-1 morphine). To evaluate the cytokine response, blood samples were collected at preoperative, postoperative 1st and 24th hours. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ levels between groups GA and GEA at preoperative and postoperative 1st hour and 24th hour. Total remifentanil consumption was significantly lower and length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the GEA group than in the GA group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference between two anaesthesia methods in terms of serum cytokine levels; however, combined GEA+PCEA technique appeared to be superior to GA+IV PCA because of lower intraoperative narcotic analgesic consumption and shorter hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we investigated the hemodynamic changes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) during the intensive care unit and the effects of PiCCO on the hemodynamic clinical course during hydration and hypertension treatment., Methods: In our study, 15 adult aSAH patients, whose aneurysm had been treated by surgery or coiling, were examined for the signs of vasospasm in between the dates 03/01/2015 and 01/03/2016. The PICCO measurement was made at least twice in a day. Positive daily fluid balance was attempted to be at least 1000 mL and the value of the Global end-diastolic index (GEDI) was targeted to 680 to 800 mL/m2 for each patient. The values of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), and cardiac index (CI), GEDI, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), extravascular lung water index (ELWI) measured by PiCCO, and daily neurological outcome of patients and GCS values were recorded., Results: It had been observed that CVP value was randomly changing during the volume therapy, but the GEDI value determined by thermodilution was consistent. A positive correlation was detected between the period of reaching the hospital and the first measured value of SVRI. Low GEDI value was detected as a risk factor in the perspective of vasospasm, but an ideal GEDI value could not be determined., Conclusion: GEDI values were correlated with daily fluid balance. While low GEDI value was found as a risk factor, we could not determine an ideal GEDI value.