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BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that the dermal ridges develop during early foetal life & are constant (stable) throughout life, unique to the individual & therefore significant as a means of identification. It is proved that dermatoglyphics is of polygenic inheritance & like many other hereditary characters show racial & social variations. An attempt has been made to create a data base of the dermatoglyphic patterns among the diabetics of southern Orissa which may be helpful in early prediction of the disease & thus prevents its complications. METHODS Fifty male diabetic patients diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type-1), of age ranging from 25 to 40 years and fifty cases of normal controls of similar age group were included in this study. Similarly fifty patients, diagnosed as cases of non-insulin dependent type of diabetes mellitus (Type-2), of age more than 40 years and fifty three cases of normal controls of similar age group without family history of diabetes, of either type-1 or type-2 up to two previous generations, were studied and analysed in this study. Fifty female diabetic patients diagnosed as IDDM cases, of age ranging from 25 to 40 years and fifty cases of normal controls of similar age group and fifty female diabetic patients of Type-2 variety (NIDDM) and fifty female controls of age group more than 40 years were included in this study. RESULTS The palm prints of the control & patients were taken & studied for Axial triradii (the most useful indicator that has been elaborately studied in the subjects from southern Orissa). This parameter showed a high level of significance in comparison to the other parameters. Observations revealed that the maximum percentage of patters were those of t’ & t’’. CONCLUSIONS The axial triradius t also proved to be the most reliable and significant parameter in case of the NIDDM patients irrespective of sex. Both males and females diagnosed as cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes possessed either t’ or t” on their palms irrespective of the side of the hands.

Aims: Breast carcinomas in locally advanced cases are usually treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) . Now adays it is also extended to some cases of early and operable breast cancer cases also.The aim of the study is to highlight the histopathological changes observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer specimens and to evaluate the role of histopathological examination in assessing the complete response (pCR),pathological partial response (pPR) and pathological no response(pNR). Methods : A retrospective one year study carried out in our tertiary care cancer centre from January 2019 to December 2019. Pathological response to NACT were assessed in terms of the residual tumour size, histological grade, lymphovascular space invasion, fibrosis, calcification , histiocytes and the necrosis. Pathological response was calculated by the residual cancer burden(RCB) and the tumour node metastases (ypTNM) staging system was determined by the 8th edition of AJCC(American joint cancer committee) staging guidelines . Results: A total of 143 breast cancer patients treated with NACT followed by surgery were included . Of the 143 cases of post NACT ,115 cases had residual cancer(80.41% ) and 28 cases(19.5%) showed complete pathological response. Grossly(macroscopically) the tumour was identifiable in 68% of cases. Histologically,most of the residual carcinomas post NACT were invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type. About 70 cases (48.95%) of the post NACT breast cancer patients were of grade 2. Necrosis was noted in41.2%(59out of 143 cases) .98 cases(68%) showed lymphnode metastasis. pCR was seen in 19.5% of cases,pPR was noted in 74.12% of cases and 6.29% were pNR. Conclusions: NACT followed by surgery is a treatment modality in management of locally advanced breast cancer. It is now also promising treatment strategy which can be extended for the management of early stage and in operable breast cancers. . This study focuses on the easily reproducible histopathological parameters and their inclusion in the histopathology report . Histopathological evaluation can predict the response to chemotherapy and can impact the further course of treatment.

BACKGROUND The sacrum (Vertebra Magnum) is a large, flattened, triangular bone present at the base of spine, which is formed by fusion of sacral vertebra S1 to S5 and the fusion occurs between the age group of 18 to 30 years. It forms the posterosuperior part of bony pelvis articulating on either side with the corresponding hip bone at the sacroiliac joint. The dimensions of sacra vary in different sexes. Determination of sex of sacrum can be done by using various methods. In our study, comparison was done between sacral index and Kimura base wing method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study to determine the sex of sacrum was carried on 50 sacra (25 male and 25 female sacra) by two methods. One method used was sacral index and the other method was Kimura's base wing index. The measuring instrument used was sliding vernier caliper. Sacral index- the well-known method for determination of sex from sacrum and Kimura’s base wing method- another method for sex determination. Both are compared. The method of sacral index showed more accuracy rate as compared with Kimura's base wing index method. RESULTS By using sacral index, the % of bone identified as male sacrum was 64% and the % of bone identified as female sacrum was 68%. By using Kimura base wing method, 28% of male sacra and 24% of female sacra were identified in right side and 24% of male sacra and 20% of female sacra were identified in left side. CONCLUSIONS In our study, comparison was done between sacral index and Kimura base wing method in determining the sex of sacrum. From the above study, it was found that the method of sacral index showed more accuracy rate as compared with Kimura's base wing index method.

BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that the dermal ridges develop during early foetal life and are constant (stable) throughout life, unique to the individual and therefore significant as a means of identification. It is proved that dermatoglyphics is of polygenic inheritance and like many other hereditary characters show racial and social variations. An attempt has been made to create a database of the dermatoglyphic pattern among the diabetics of Southern Orissa, which may become helpful for the early prediction of the disease and thus prevents its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male diabetic patients diagnosed as cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1) of age ranging from 25 to 40 years and fifty cases of normal controls of similar age group were included in this study. Similarly, fifty patients diagnosed as cases of non-insulin-dependent type of diabetes mellitus (type 2) of age more than 40 years and fifty cases of normal controls of similar age group without family history of diabetes of either type 1 or type 2 up to two previous generations were studied and analysed in this study. Fifty female diabetic patients diagnosed as IDDM cases of age ranging from 25 to 40 years and fifty cases of normal controls of similar age group and fifty female diabetic patients of type 2 variety (NIDDM) and fifty female controls of age group more than 40 years were included in this study. The finger prints and palm prints of the control and patients were taken and studied for different parameters like total ridge count, a-d distance. In type 1 diabetes, the total finger ridge count in male diabetics is more than that in the male controls of similar age group with a level of significant difference being 0.001%. The female diabetics of type 1 variety showed a higher ridge count value in comparison to type 2 male diabetics while the type 1 female diabetics and type 2 female diabetics did not have any significant difference between them in regards to TRC. RESULTS There was increase in the a-d distance measured in case of the diabetics in comparison to the controls. The male diabetics possessed a higher mean than the female diabetics when measured in the left palms. Similarly, the right palms of the male diabetics possessed a higher mean than the female diabetics. The diabetics of the type 1 variety as a whole have a higher mean than their counterpart controls. The type 1 male diabetics also possessed a higher value than the type 2 male counterparts regarding the observations obtained from their left palms. The female diabetics of the type 1 variety also possess a higher value than the female diabetics of type 2 variety regarding their right palms. In type 2 diabetes, the male diabetics possessed a higher TRC value in comparison to the normal controls. Similarly, the female diabetics also possessed a higher TRC value with a level of significant difference being 0.001% in comparison between the male and female diabetics of type 2 variety. The female diabetics possessed a higher TRC value than their male counterparts, but not that significantly. In comparison to type 1 variety of diabetics, the non-insulin-dependent diabetics possessed a lower TRC value than their insulin-dependent counterparts. CONCLUSION Increase in the distance between the axial triradius ‘a’ and ‘d’ was a constant feature among the diabetics both males and females in comparison to their controls of age group more than 40 years. The left palms of female type 2 diabetics showed a lower value of a-d distance in comparison to that of the right palms of the female diabetics of type 2 variety. The type 2 diabetics especially the males possessed a lower value of a-d distance than their counterpart type 1 male diabetics irrespective of their hands.

BACKGROUND Anaemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) is the most common anaemia found in hospitalised patients and it is the second most prevalent after Iron-Deficiency Anaemia (IDA). ACD seen in patients with chronic infections, malignancy, autoimmune disorders. Condition also termed as “Anaemia of Inflammation”. AIM AND OBJECTIVE Combined clinical history, haematological evaluation, serum iron and ferritin estimation to reach diagnosis of ACD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients of chronic infection, autoimmune disorder, or malignancy admitted to different Departments of M.K.C.G.M.C. and Hospital are included in the study during period of 2010-2012. Routine haematological profile, ESR, serum iron, serum ferritin estimation was done. RESULTS 80% patients have decreased serum iron, 20% normal serum iron, and 50% patients have increased S. ferritin, 40% normal S. ferritin, 10% decreased S. ferritin. CONCLUSION Our study emphasises anaemia of chronic disease can be diagnosed and differentiated from iron-deficiency anaemia by estimating the serum iron and ferritin level with proper clinical correlation. This can decrease the morbidity in hospitalised patients and irrational iron therapy can be avoided.

Phyllodes tumors are uncommon fibroepithelial neoplasms of breast. Heterologous sarcomatous differentiation of malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) is a rare phenomenon as shown in the literature. Herein we report a series of nine cases from a tertiary care centre in Eastern India. Patients demographic data and clinical details were obtained from the medical records. Histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were analysed and diagnosed accordingly. Out of 38 cases of PT, 13 were found to be MPT, of which 9 cases showed heterologous differentiation in the form of angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, extensive squamous differentiation and with lipomatous metaplasia. Proper diagnosis and subtyping of the sarcomatous component is essential for deciding the correct treatment modality and prognostication of the disease. However there is no clear cut treatment protocol is available because of paucity of data.

Introduction: Leiomyoma of the uterus is the most common tumor of the female reproductive tract. While most leiomyomas on histology are usual myomas, sometimes rare variants may be encountered. Case Report: We report a case of an atypical uterine leiomyoma in a 49-year-old multipara, who presented with continuous bleeding per vaginum of one month duration and discuss the pathophysiology, salient clinical features and management of this rare condition. Conclusion: Atypical leiomyoma is a rare variant of uterine smooth muscle tumors, which mimics leiomyosarcomas, and may even be its precursor lesion.