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To report the efficacy and safety of water vapor thermal therapy to achieve catheter removal in frail patients with refractory acute urinary retention.Data from consecutive frail patients with indwelling urinary catheter undergoing the Rezūm™ therapy (Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, MA) at a single center between October 2017 and June 2021 were prospectively collected. The included patients were deemed unfit or at high risk of complications for conventional benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. Prostate volumes up to 120 mL were considered eligible. The primary endpoint was successful cessation of catheter dependency, assessed postoperatively and up to 1 year of follow-up.A total of 24 men met our inclusion criteria. The median age, Charlson comorbidity index, and duration of preoperative catheterization were 77 years (IQR 67-86), 6 (IQR 3-7), and 113 days (IQR 87-159), respectively. Two cases (8.3%) of postoperative complications were recorded (Clavien II and Clavien IIIa). After a median postoperative catheterization time of 21 days (IQR 11-32), all patients regained spontaneous voiding. During follow-up, two patients died and a total of 22 patients completed the 1 year follow-up. All patients maintained spontaneous voiding without recurrence of urinary retention. No surgical retreatment was performed. In terms of pharmacological management, 22/24 patients (91.7%) had a BPH medication pre-Rezūm™; this decreased to 8/22 patients (36.3%) post-Rezūm™ (p 0.001).In this single-institution, prospective, and observational study, water vapor thermal therapy was found to be effective and safe in restoring successful spontaneous voiding in a cohort of elderly and frail patients.

Summary: In the 2 years since the inception of Black in Cancer, we have modeled an action-oriented commitment to improving Black representation across all levels of the cancer spectrum. We reflect on our successes and consider new ways to innovate and inspire the cancer community.

Genetically engineered, cytotoxic, adoptive T cells localize to antigen positive cancer cells inside patients, but tumor heterogeneity and multiple immune escape mechanisms have prevented the eradication of most solid tumor types. More effective, multifunctional engineered T cells are in development to overcome the barriers to the treatment of solid tumors, but the interactions of these highly modified cells with the host are poorly understood. We previously engineered prodrug-activating enzymatic functions into chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, endowing them with an orthogonal killing mechanism to conventional T-cell cytotoxicity. These drug-delivering cells, termed Synthetic Enzyme-Armed KillER (SEAKER) cells, demonstrated efficacy in mouse lymphoma xenograft models. However, the interactions of an immunocompromised xenograft with such complex engineered T cells are distinct from those in an immunocompetent host, precluding an understanding of how these physiologic processes may affect the therapy. Here, we also expand the repertoire of SEAKER cells to target solid-tumor melanomas in syngeneic mouse models using specific targeting with TCR-engineered T cells. We demonstrate that SEAKER cells localize specifically to tumors, and activate bioactive prodrugs, despite host immune responses. We additionally show that TCR-engineered SEAKER cells are efficacious in immunocompetent hosts, demonstrating that the SEAKER platform is applicable to many adoptive cell therapies.

The problem of supplier selection is an important concern for all businesses. Also, as environmental concerns are mounting and socio-economic crises are increasing worldwide, the need for resilient and environment-friendly suppliers is aggravating. Companies are under tremendous pressure to redefine their business practices and operations to achieve sustainability goals while being resilient. The study aims to evaluate the Chinese automotive parts suppliers based on 'gresilience' (green and resilient) criteria. The suppliers are evaluated using the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) and TOPSIS models. Also, it is the first time the TOPSIS model has been executed on the OPA-based criteria weights. The results from the two methods were mostly consistent. However, the OPA is flexible and can produce ranking under different assumptions.

Objectifs : décrire le profil sociodémographique des patients et les séquelles radiologiques de la tuberculose thoracique de l’adulte.Matériels et Méthodes : étude transversale, descriptive de 12 mois incluant 103 patients anciens tuberculeux traités et déclarés guéris, reçus en consultation ou en hospitalisation au service de Pneumo Phtisiologie de l’Hôpital National Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry, présentant des séquelles à la radiographie standard et/ou au scanner thoracique. Les variables d’études étaient sociodémographiques (âge, sexe, niveau d’instruction, profession et tabagisme), biologique (statut sérologique au VIH) et radiologiques (sequelles thoraciques de la tuberculose).Les données ont étés recueillies sur une fiche d’enquête pré établie et analysées par le logiciel épi info version 3.5.3Résultats : L’âge moyen des patients était de 46,83 ans avec des extrêmes de 21 et 82 ans. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle de 40 à 59 ans soit 48,5%. Il y avait 59,2 % d’hommes (61 sujets) soit un sex-ratio de 1,45. Le tabagisme était présent dans 31,1% des cas et 28,2 % des patients avaient une sérologie VIH positive. A la radiographie thoracique, les opacités rétractiles avec destruction parenchymateuse étaient les lésions les plus fréquentes 44,7% ; suivi des calcifications parenchymateuses 34%, des lésions fibreuses 32 % et les images en grelot 31,1 %. Lésions pleurales étaient représentées par les émoussements des culs de sac pleuraux 21,36 %, les calcifications pleurales 12,60% et les lésions vertébrales de spondylodiscite 4 ,85%. Seulement 8,73 % (9/103) des malades avaient réalisés un scanner thoracique, la lésion scanographique la plus représentée était les cavités à parois fines soit 77,78 %, suivi de la fibrose cicatricielle pulmonaire 55,56 % et la bronchiectasie de traction soit 44,44 %, l’emphysème para cicatriciel dans 22,22 %.Conclusion : Les sequelles radiologiques de la tuberculose thoracique au service de pneumo-phtisiologie de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry intéressent un homme pour 1,45 femme avec une prédominance de la tranche d’âge 40-59. Le tiers des patients était tabagique et vivait avec le VIH. Le signe radiographique le plus retrouvé était une opacité rétractile avec destruction parenchymateuse. Le taux de réalisation de scanner thoracique était faible avec la cavité séquellaire comme principale lésion scannographique. Objectives: to describe the sociodemographic profile of patients and the radiological sequelae of thoracic tuberculosis in adults.Materials and Methods: prospective and descriptive study of 12 months in 103 old tuberculosis patients received in consultation or hospitalization at the Pneumo Phtisiology service of the Ignace Deen National Hospital of the CHU of Conakry, treated and declared cured with radiological sequelae on standard radiography and / or chest CT. The study variables were socio-demographic (age, sex, level of education, occupation and smoking), biological (HIV serological status) and radiological (thoracic sequelae of tuberculosis). The data were collected on a survey form. pre-established and analyzed by epi info software version 3.5.3Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.83 years with extremes of 21 and 82 years. The most represented age group was 40 to 59 years old, or 48.5%. The history of pulmonary tuberculosis was found in all patients. The male sex was the most represented with 61 cases or 59.2% against 42 cases of female sex or 40.8%. Smoking was noted in 31.1% of the cases. And 28.2% of patients had a positive HIV serology. The retractile opacities with parenchymal destruction were the most frequent lesions on chest radiography 44.7%; followed by calcifications 34%, fibrous lesions 32%, bell images 31.1%. Pleural lesions were represented by pleural fornix fillings 21.36% and pleural calcifications 12.60%. The bone lesions by spondylodiscites 4.85%.Only 8.7% (9/103) of the patients were able to perform a chest CT scan, the most represented CT lesion was the thin-walled cavities, 77.78%, followed by pulmonary fibrosis 55.56% and DDB, i.e. 44.4%, para scarring emphysema in 22.2%.Conclusion: The radiological sequelae of thoracic tuberculosis in the pneumo-phthisiology service of the Ignace Deen National Hospital of the Conakry University Hospital concern one man for 1.45 women with a predominance of the age group 40-59. One third of the patients were smokers and were living with HIV. The most common radiographic sign was retractile opacity with parenchymal destruction. The rate of completion of a chest CT scan was low with the sequelae cavity as the main CT lesion &nbsp

Cytolytic T cells (CTL) play a pivotal role in surveillance against tumors. Induction of CTL responses by vaccination may be challenging, as it requires direct transduction of target cells or special adjuvants to promote cross-presentation. Here, we observed induction of robust CTL responses through electroporation-facilitated, DNA-launched nanoparticle vaccination (DLnano-vaccines). Electroporation was observed to mediate transient tissue apoptosis and macrophage infiltration, which were deemed essential to the induction of CTLs by DLnano-vaccines through a systemic macrophage depletion study. Bolus delivery of protein nano-vaccines followed by electroporation, however, failed to induce CTLs, suggesting direct in vivo production of nano-vaccines may be required. Following these observations, new DLnano-vaccines scaffolding immunodominant melanoma Gp100 and Trp2 epitopes were designed and shown to induce more potent and consistent epitope-specific CTL responses than the corresponding DNA monomeric vaccines or CpG-adjuvanted peptide vaccines. DNA, but not recombinant protein, nano-vaccinations induced CTL responses to these epitopes and suppressed melanoma tumor growth in mouse models in a CD8+ T-cell–dependent fashion. Further studies to explore the use of DLnano-vaccines against other cancer targets and the biology with which they induce CTLs are important.

Supplementary figures 1-4 and Supplementary Table 1

Introduction:Diarrheal diseases and meningitis are among the first causes of death in the world. Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up of the epidemiological surveillance of diseases with epidemic potential at the laboratories of the National Hospital of Donka (LHND), the National Hospital of Ignace Deen (LHNID) and the National Institute of Public Health (LINSP). Material and Methods: This was a four years retrospective study, from May 1st, 2009 to May 1st, 2013. Data collection was made from the registers. Results:Only the LHND had notified cases of cholera (17 cases =100%). The frequency of proven cases by gender was respectively 52.94% men for 47.06% women. The most affected age groups were those of 21-40 years (41.18%) and 41-60 years (29.41%). The mean age was 21.59 ± 4.71 years. During this survey period, the LINSP notified more cases of meningitis (60%), followed by the LHND (21.88%) and the LHNID (18.12%). The age group from 0 to 5 years was the most affected by meningitis with 84.29% for LHND and 77.59% for LHNID. The mean age was 2.87 ± 0.63 year. TheHemophilus influenzaeb was the most encountered with 55.73% at the LINSP, 47.15% at the LHND and 27.59% at the LHNID. Five of twenty suspected samples for red diarrhea were positive forShigella dysenteriae. Conclusion: The epidemiological surveillance of diseases with epidemic potential is useful and necessary for the control, prevention and fight against these infectious bacterial diseases.

A foreign body in the urethra is the presence of an object in the urethra. They are often secondary, either to an erotic curiosity, u or to psychiatric disorders. The diagnosis remains clinically aided by imagery. Treatment is most often endoscopic, but in some cases the use of open surgery is necessary. We reported the case of an 80-year-old man with no history of behavioral disorders; a wooden rod was inserted into the urethra to empty his bladder. The care consisted of a meatoplasty under locoregional anesthesia. Upon discharge, the patient had a good urine flow.

Introduction: Endoscopic internal urethrotomy (EIU) is a technique that consists of an incision of the stenosed urethra under visual control. Its indication is widespread since the first description in 1971 by Sachse. The objective was to analyze the results of EIU in the treatment of urethral stenosis (US) at the Andro-Urology Department of the UHC of Conakry. Methodology: It is a prospective descriptive study, lasting 18 months (January 2016-30 June 2017). It involved 102 patients. The variables were: age, etiology of US, type of catheter, duration of catheter wear and recurrences. After a 12-month follow-up, our results were considered good in the absence of recurrences. Results: The average age was 54.25 years with the extremes comprising between 16 and 96 years. The main reasons for medical checkup were chronic urine retention at 58.82%. Etiology infection was the most frequent with a ratio of 81.37%, while Escherichia coli was found at 51.29%. US was bulbar (71.57%), unique (67.64%) and less than 1 cm (60.78%). Surgical complication occurred with 9 patients (8.82%) with urethrorrhagia and the external genital organs infiltration in 4 cases. Results were good for 77 patients (75.49%). Stenosis post infection, long and multiple stenoses, urethral catheterization with latex catheter and urethral catheterization of more than 4 days were strongly associated with the recurrence occurrence. Conclusion: The EIU is a minimally invasive surgical technique that offers good results.

Motivation Granular avalanches such as slope streaks, have been observed on Mars since the beginning of the high resolution era with MOC on MGS. Such mass wasting processes are active and their dynamics has a few implications in terms of climatic conditions. However, understanding the slope streaks dynamics is still undergoing. Many authors have proposed dry spreading of fine dust or wet processes (e.g., Schorghofer et al., 2002; 2007). For instance, Head et al., (2007) have proposed spring discharge involving salty ground-water. Many of those studies have been performed from interpretations of geomorphic features by comparing knowing processes occurring on Earth and/or a few comparisons with experimental works. Consequently, a key parameter is the triggering conditions, along with the dynamical behavior of these avalanches. We hence propose a combined approach involving numerical simulations, seismology and orbital imagery in order to provide new insights. Orbital image constraints We investigate the orbital images from CTX and HiRISE cameras, both onboard MRO spacecraft. They provide a complete coverage of the two regions of interest being the InSight landing site (135.61ºE 4.49ºN) and the vicinity of the large quake (170.85ºE, 7.05ºS, being at 37º from the SEIS instrument) named 1222 which occurred on 5 May 2020. In both areas, we identified many past avalanche events (Figure 1-A). More specifically, we investigate the complete set of orbital data (imagery, topography, and thermo-physical properties) to estimate in particular the rate of formation of these avalanches in the vicinity of the 1222 event location (Fig. 1-B,C). This has led to request new orbital observations targeted to the most favorable areas for avalanches and hence try to link the ground acceleration resulting from the 1222 event with the triggering of new avalanches by using detection techniques (Fig. 1-D). This work, essentially observational, is combined with the following part on the detectability of this type of source by the SEIS sensor. Figure 1 - (A) Location of identifiable landslides and avalanches (rockfall sign) around the InSight landing site (symbolized with the SEIS/WTS sign). The circles show epicentral distance from the receiver at 5º (red), 10º (orange), 15º (yellow) and 20º (light gray), which correspond to ∼300, ∼600, ∼900 and ∼1200 km respectively. Active avalanches (slope streaks) are detected at 150°E. (B) Location of active avalanches (rockfall sign) around the 1222 event location (green flag). (C) Examples of avalanches in the vicinity of the 1222 event location as seen by the CTX camera. This image was taken in May 2011 and reflects the high occurrence of such processes in the area. (D) Detection of slope streaks (and old craters) from neural networks (i.e., using darknet algorithm). Dynamics and source function of avalanches from numerical simulations In order to generate synthetic seismic sources due to gravity-driven sediment transport we based our simulations on a depth-averaged Saint-Venant equations model, named SHATLOP, which accounts for the curvature of the topography and on various frictional behavior for the source term following (Lucas & Mangeney, 2007; Lucas et al., 2011;2014). Volumes involved are around 8,000-40,000 m3 with a total drop height up to 1 km. The typical duration of the event is of a few minutes up to 20 minutes for a +2 km runout slope streaks, depending on the frictional law considered and small fluctuation on the bottom topography, which generates surges as shown on Fig. 2-A. ​​The source is considered as a point force applied at the surface from the spatial integration of the avalanche resultant force, where the velocity, the resistance force, the density of the flow and the acceleration due to gravity accounting for the bottom topography curvature are all taken into account (Fig. 2-B). The velocity models are obtained after geological considerations after Pan et al., (2019), where active mass wasting processes have been identified (Fig. 2-C). Examples of resulting seismograms are shown in Fig. 2-D. The velocity model, still under investigation for Mars, is also an important open issue that has a strong impact on the resulting seismic signal. Finally, depending on source functions, velocity models, such an event may be detectable, in particular when occurring during the night at local time of the sensors, when the noise level is low and when spectral content is above SEIS sensitivity (Fig. 2-E). Figure 2 - (A) Example numerical simulation of a martian dust avalanche over a DTM generated from HiRISE stereo pair (Color scales with the velocity). (B) Resulting source force history. (C) Example of a velocity and attenuation model for Mars. (D) Synthetic seismograms accounting source distance for various velocity models and epicentral distances. (E) ADS example for a small event at 140 km. References Head, J., Marchant, D., Dickson, J.,Levy, J., Morgan, G. Slope streaks in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: Characteristics, candidate formation mechanisms, and implications for slope streak formation in the Martian environment. 7 th International Conf. (2007) Lucas A., and A. Mangeney. “Mobility and topographic effects for large Valles Marineris landslides on Mars”. In: Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L10201 (2007) Lucas A., et al. “Influence of the scar geometry on landslide dy-namics and deposits: Application to Martian landslides”. In: J. Geophys. Res. - Planets, 116, E10001 (2011) Lucas, A., A. Mangeney, and J-P. Ampuero. “Frictional velocity-weakening in landslides on Earth and on other planetary bodies”. In: Nature Comm.,5:3417 (2014) Pan L., et al. “Crust stratigraphy and heterogeneities of the first kilometers at the dichotomy boundary in western Elysium Planitia and implications for InSight lander”. In: Icarus (2019) Schorghofer N., Aharonson O., and Khatiwala S. “Slope streaks on Mars: Correlations with surface properties and the potential role of water”. In: Geophys. Res. Lett.,29(23) (2002) Schorghofer, N., Aharonson, O., Gerstell, M. & Tatsumi, L. Three decades of slope streak activity on Mars. Icarus. 191. 132-140 (2007)

Objective: To report the prevalence, anatomic and clinical characteristics of cryptorchidism in schools in the city of Conakry. Material and Methods: We carried out a 6-month cross-sectional study which took place in 32 public and private general education establishments in the city of Conakry. Each student boy was interviewed and examined; some information was collected from parents over the phone. Results: The prevalence of cryptorchidism was 3.6%. It was higher among children of mothers who were not in school, and among those who attended public institutions. The average age of students with cryptorchidism was 9.84 ± 2.33 years, with extremes of 4 and 17 years. 85% of these pupils were born in a care structure (CHU, municipal hospital, health center). Cryptorchidism sat on the right in 64 cases (37.4%), on the left in 44 cases (25.7%), it was bilateral in 63 cases (36.9%). The testicle was palpable at the inguinal level in 77 cases or 45% of the cases. Conclusion: Many school children have cryptorchidism at advanced ages, thus exposing them to the risk of complications (infertility and malignant degeneration of the testicle). Raising awareness among the various players could reverse this trend.

The objective of the study was to report the results of the surgery of the Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) transection types at CHU Conakry. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study that focused on 64 patients operated for VVF transection type at the Urology department of CHU Conakry between January 2013 and December 2015. Four types of transection were defined according to the state of the urethra and vagina, the size of the fistula, the peri-fistulous tissue and associated lesions. The variables studied were the proportion of transection, age, the type of transection, the number of previous cures, the operative technique, the complications and the results after a follow-up of 3 months. Results: Transection accounted for 47.05% of the obstetric fistulas. The average age was 25.18 years old (14-43 years old). This was a Type I transection (11 cases), type II (27 cases), type III (19 cases) and type IV (7 cases). The surgical approach was vaginal in 64 cases. Fistulorraphy with a confection of a new cervix and cervico-urethral anastomosis was conducted in 19 patients, combined with bladder flap urethroplasty (30 patients) or vaginal flap (15 others). We recorded healing in 37 cases. Conclusion: Transection type VVF is a severe VVF. The preferential surgical approach was vaginal. Technical difficulties were related to associate lesions and the continence system affected.

Objective: Azoospermia is one of the most important causes of couple infertility. The objective of our study is to report the clinical-biological profile of the azoosperm patient to the Urology-Andrology Department of the Conakry University teaching Hospital. It aims to take stock of the diagnostic management of azoospermia at this time where the world scientific community seems to be turned towards the intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of men with severe spermiological dysfunction. Patients and Method: This was a descriptive retrospective study lasting 12 months from January 1 to December 31, 2015. It collected 151 patients out of a set of 544 follow-ups for desire to have children. Were included the patients whose files contained all the information of the clinical observation (general information, reason for consultation, evolution, history, data of the physical examination) and a paraclinical assessment consisting of the FSH level and two spermograms spaced three months, confirming the diagnosis of azoospermia. Results: The mean age was 36.4 years with extremes of 23 and 56 years old. Urogenital infections (36.4%) followed by a notion of inguinal surgery had been the main patients’ history. Primary infertility accounted for 76.8% of cases. The mean duration of infertility was 6.5 years with extremes of 2 and 19 years. Azoospermia affected 27.76% of patients who consulted for the desire to have a child. It was judged secretory in 59.6% of cases, excretory in 25.8% of cases, and undetermined in 14.6% of cases. Varicocele was the main associated abnormality (46.3%) followed by testicular hypotrophy (36.4%). Neisseria Gonorrhoeae was the most common germ in sperm culture (21.7%). Chlamydia serology was positive in 21.7% of patients. Conclusion: Azoospermia affects a non-negligible proportion of men admitted by consulting for desire to have a child in our context. Strengthening the diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal is necessary to improve the care of affected patients.

International audience; Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali. Between 2017 and 2020, the number of cases increased in the country, with 2,884,827 confirmed cases and 1454 reported deaths in 2020. We performed a malaria risk stratification at the health district level in Mali with a view to proposing targeted control interventions. Data on confirmed malaria cases were obtained from the District Health Information Software 2, data on malaria prevalence and mortality in children aged 6-59 months from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey, entomological data from Malian research institutions working on malaria in the sentinel sites of the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP), and environmental data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A stratification of malaria risk was performed. Targeted malaria control interventions were selected based on spatial heterogeneity of malaria incidence, malaria prevalence in children, vector resistance distribution, health facility usage, child mortality, and seasonality of transmission. These interventions were discussed with the NMCP and the different funding partners. In 2017-2019, median incidence across the 75 health districts was 129.34 cases per 1000 person-years (standard deviation = 86.48). Risk stratification identified 12 health districts in very low transmission areas, 19 in low transmission areas, 20 in moderate transmission areas, and 24 in high transmission areas. Low health facility usage and increased vector resistance were observed in high transmission areas. Eight intervention combinations were selected for implementation. Our work provides an updated risk stratification using advanced statistical methods to inform the targeting of malaria control interventions in Mali. This stratification can serve as a template for continuous malaria risk stratifications in Mali and other countries.

Immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable promise in melanoma and other tumor types. However, a large proportion of patients do not respond or develop acquired resistance. Tumors can activate multiple checkpoints and immunosuppressive pathways to evade immune surveillance, which are likely a cause of treatment failure. Therefore, inhibition of multiple checkpoints may be necessary for maximal efficacy of immunotherapies. The adenosine A2 receptor (A2aR), was shown to function as an immune checkpoint. Its blockade inhibited tumor growth and metastases and synergized with other checkpoint inhibitors. We propose that using AZD4635, a potent and selective A2aR antagonist, will enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1. In addition, we propose that blocking tumor oxygen consumption using deferiprone (DFP), phenformin (Phen) and metformin (Met) will further enhance A2aR and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy. We evaluated the effects of MET, Phen, DFP, and AZD4635 on tumor cells, T cell, and macrophage proliferation and effector function in vitro. IC50 measurements showed that T cells are the most sensitive to inhibition by these drugs, while 4T1 tumor cells appear to be the least sensitive. Naïve mouse T cells were activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 coated dynabeads in the presence of titrating doses of all four drugs for 72 hours then analyzed by flow cytometry for proliferation and activation status. AZD4635 and DFP increased the expression of the activation marker CD25 (IL2Ra) on CD8 T cells. In addition, AZD4635 also increased expression of Granzyme B on both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Met appears to have little to no effect on T cell proliferation activation. We utilized the Seahorse XF Mito Stress Test assay to measure the mitochondrial respiratory activity of T cells in the presence these drugs. T cells were activated with dynabeads for 72 hours and then incubated with titrating doses of the drugs overnight before running on the Seahorse assay. DFP and Phen had the strongest effect on Maximal Respiration and Spare Respiratory Capacity at dilutions of 1uM followed by 16uM. A similar, albeit less profound effect was observed in groups treated with Met and AZD4635. Lastly, we obtained and generated two mouse breast cancer cell lines (4T1 and E0771) bearing HIF-1 reporter systems. We treated 4T1-HRE and E0771 cells with increasing doses of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to chemically mimic hypoxia by inducing HIF1a expression. Both 4T1-HRE and E0771-HRE demonstrated increased luciferase activity that correlated with increasing doses of CoCl2 in vitro. Future experiments will focus on characterizing the adenosine pathway in vivo in 4T1-HRE and E0771-HRE tumors and examine how drugs that target the adenosine A2AaR receptor (AZD4635), and oxygen consumption (DFP, Phen and Met) influence tumor oxygen consumption in vivo as well as the activation states of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Sadna Budhu, Mayuresh Mane, Mamadou A. Bah, Juan Zurita, Inna Serganova, Soe Min, Anais Assouvie, Jedd D. Wolchok, Jason Koutcher, Vladimir Ponomarev, Taha Merghoub. Optimizing breast cancer therapy by inhibiting the adenosine receptor and oxygen consumption [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2517.