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The study delves into the queuing process for warranty or post- warranty service requests in companies specializing in repairing electronic devices within the agro-industrial sector. The research also investigates the environmental implications of such operations and the environmental challenges related to servicing electronic devices in agricultural production. To streamline maintenance operations and cut costs, a logistic allocation approach for requests is proposed based on queuing systems theory principles. By analyzing workshop operations, a repair work performance scheme is developed, aligning with the specifics of agricultural production and environmental considerations in device maintenance. This has helped outline the primary requirements for the information system, creating diagrams that detail the sequence of processes for order addition, diagnostics, repair, spare parts ordering, and waste disposal. Using terminology from mass service systems, the workshop process is described, and an algorithm for preliminary time parameter calculations has been formulated to predict service completion dates. This methodology not only enables timely updates for customers regarding service completion times and the optimization of order routing through various channels, but it also contributes to addressing the adverse environmental impacts, a critical aspect in the organization of activities within the agricultural sector.

The energy efficiency of smart home technology, such as solar panels, lighting controls, thermostats, and smart appliances, was thoroughly assessed by the study. Notable energy savings were achieved by energy-efficient settings; smart ovens, washing machines, and refrigerators had average consumption reductions of 10% to 15%. When smart lights and dishwashers were configured in energy-efficient settings, their Energy Star ratings increased dramatically. During times when the thermostat is not in use, smart thermostats preserve comfort while cutting energy consumption by an average of 1°C. Consistent power generation from solar panels lessens reliance on the grid. The research promotes holistic energy efficiency techniques by highlighting cost savings, environmental advantages, and possible synergies when integrating several energy-efficient devices in smart homes. In order to improve domestic energy efficiency, future study fields include long-term evaluations, user behavior analysis, and smart grid integration.

The influence of single failures on the operation of digital devices is considered. Single events and their classification are considered. A generalized function for ensuring fault tolerance in the design of integrated circuits is introduced. The implementation of these methods is shown on the example of a microprocessor chip.

The article provides a brief overview of the development of the Chinese grammar study by scholars in Europe and the United States from the moment the first descriptions appeared in the 17th century to the publication of studies at the present time. The purpose of this article is to describe the main stages in the study of Chinese parts of speech (word classes) in the works of linguists for the time of the existence of Western Sinology. The publication of the “Basic principles for writing clearly and coherently by Mister Ma” (“Ma shi wen tong”) by Chinese linguist Ma Jianzhong is regarded as a point, which divided European and American history of Chinese grammar study in general and parts of speech in particular into two periods: the period of “independent” description and the period of research in-parallel or together with native speakers.

The gas supply system is determined by the classes of the elements of the gas transmission network associated with the pressure of the pumped natural gas. Laying gas pipelines in urban areas requires sufficient space around the pipes as a safety zone. The gas pipelines of the first level include gas communications in which the methane pressure is high or medium. To eliminate dead-end sections, gas pipelines are backed up (duplicating individual segments or ringing). The creation of a dead-end network is allowed only in small settlements. Dead-end network is a gas pipeline branching in various directions to gas consumers. Each section of the branched network has a one-way power supply.

AIM: The aim was to investigate mechanisms by which betaine improves hepatic insulin signaling in a dietary mouse model of insulin resistance and fatty liver. METHODS: C57BL 6J mice were fed a standard diet (SF), a standard diet with betaine (SFB), a nutritionally complete high fat (HF) diet, or a high fat diet with betaine (HFB) for 14 weeks. In a separate experiment, mice were fed high fat diet for 18 weeks, half of whom received betaine for the final 4 weeks. Activation of insulin signaling in the liver was assessed by western blot. Insulin signaling was also assessed in insulin resistant primary human hepatocytes treated with betaine. RESULTS: As compared with SF, mice receiving HF diet were heavier, had more hepatic steatosis, and abnormal glucose tolerance test (GTT). Betaine content in liver and serum was 50% lower in HF than in SF; betaine supplementation restored serum and liver betaine content. Betaine treatment of HF reduced whole body insulin resistance as measured by GTT. Betaine treatment of HF increased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation (activation) of Akt, and increased hepatic glycogen content. In vitro, betaine reversed insulin resistance in primary human hepatocytes by increasing insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and of Akt. CONCLUSION: Betaine supplementation reduced whole body insulin resistance and increased activation of insulin signaling pathways in the liver in a mouse model of insulin resistance and fatty liver created by feeding a nutritionally complete high fat diet for 14 weeks. Betaine also reduced liver injury as assessed by ALT and by liver histology. In vitro, betaine reversed insulin resistance by increasing insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and activation of downstream proteins in the insulin signaling cascade in insulin resistant primary human hepatocytes.

The concept of reliability-oriented maintenance of gas distribution networks is substantiated. Performed an analytical review of works of leading scientists in the field of the theory of gas supply of individual household. It has been established that the question of control and to prevent gas leaks remains relevant now. It is proved, that for engineering systems use gas for domestic purposes, also the greatest risk are low-intensity gas leaks, that hardly controlled by hardware due to accounting errors. An algorithm is presented for vulnerability assessment elements engineering gas supply systems for leaks. The mathematical model for the evaluation of measuring error of parametric parameter of gas flow in the system. The technique for monitoring the tightness of gas systems engineering with the rationale for selecting the method of evaluation of error results.

Liquefied hydrocarbon gases are a mixture of chemical compounds, consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon with different molecular structures. The main components of liquefied hydrocarbon gases are propane and butane, containing lighter hydrocarbons (methane and ethane) and heavier ones (pentane) in the form of impurities. All of these components are saturated hydrocarbons. The composition of liquefied hydrocarbon gases can also include unsaturated hydrocarbons: ethylene, propylene, butylene. Butane-butylenes may be present as isomeric compounds (isobutane and isobutylene). When designing and operating liquefied petroleum gas systems, it is necessary to take into account the external equilibrium between the liquid and the gas. The paper analyzes the change in the ratio of components, in which the relative content of lighter hydrocarbons will decrease, while the content of heavier ones will increase. With an intensive flow of gas, the temperature of the liquid will drop sharply, estimation will be disturbed, and the vessel will freeze. Therefore, when operating balloon installations, it is very important to consider safety issues that are associated with containers’ filling, as well as with the change in the composition of hydrocarbon gases mixture. The discussed issues related to the calculation of a two-phase system of liquefied hydrocarbon gas can improve the operating conditions of the systems.

The number of measures is shown in article, that allow to downsize the consumption of thermal energy in the construction, rehabilitation, reconstruction and maintenance of buildings, which are which are recognized today as monuments of history and architecture.

The analytical solution of one of the urgent problems of modern hydromechanics and heat engineering about the distribution of gas and liquid phases along the channel cross-section, the thickness of the annular layer and their connection with the mass content of the gas phase in the gas-liquid flow is given in the paper.The analytical method is based on the fundamental laws of theoretical mechanics and thermophysics on the minimum of energy dissipation and the minimum rate of increase in the system entropy, which determine the stability of stationary states and processes. Obtained dependencies disclose the physical laws of the motion of two-phase media and can be used in hydraulic calculations during the design and operation of refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

An exact calculation of the heat exchange of evaporative surfaces is possible only if the physical processes of hydrodynamics of two-phase flows are considered in detail. Especially this task is relevant for the design of refrigeration supply systems for high-rise buildings, where powerful refrigeration equipment and branched networks of refrigerants are used. On the basis of experimental studies and developed mathematical model of asymmetric dispersed-annular flow of steam-water flow in horizontal steam-generating pipes, a calculation formula has been obtained for determining the boundaries of the zone of improved heat transfer and the critical value of the heat flux density. A new theoretical approach to the solution of the problem of the flow structure of a two-phase flow is proposed. The applied method of dissipative characteristics of a two-phase flow in pipes and the principle of a minimum rate of entropy increase in stabilized flows made it possible to obtain formulas that directly reflect the influence of the viscous characteristics of the gas and liquid media on their distribution in the flow. The study showed a significant effect of gravitational forces on the nature of the phase distribution in the cross section of the evaporative tubes. At a mass velocity of a two-phase flow less than 700 kg / m2s, the volume content of the liquid phase near the upper outer generating lines of the tube is almost an order of magnitude lower than the lower one. The calculation of the heat transfer crisis in horizontal evaporative tubes is obtained. The calculated dependence is in good agreement with the experimental data of the author and a number of foreign researchers. The formula generalizes the experimental data for pipes with the diameter of 6-40 mm in the pressure of 2-7 MPa.