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138 results on '"Malyshev, Andrey, V"'

2. Quantum metasurfaces with periodic arrays of $\Lambda$-emitters

Author

Ryzhov, Igor V., Malikov, Ramil F., Malyshev, Andrey V., and Malyshev, Victor A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study theoretically the optical response of a monolayer comprizing regularly spaced quantum emitters with a doublet in the ground state (the so-called $\Lambda$-emitters). The emitters' self-action through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction provides a positive feedback, interplay of which with the intrinsic nonlinearity of an isolated emitter, leads to an exotic optical dynamics of the system and prominent effects, such as multistability, self-oscillations, and quasi-chaotic behavior. %The bifurcation diagram approach is used to classify different scenarios of the system's behavior. In a certain spectral domain, the monolayer operates as a bistable mirror. The optical response of the monolayer manifests high sensitivity to the doublet splitting and relaxation within the doublet, suggesting the latter to be the key parameters to tailor the monolayer optical response. These properties make such a system very promising for nanophotonic applications. We discuss the relevance of the predicted nonlinear effects for nano-sized all-optical devices., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020

3. Nonlinear optical response of a two-dimensional quantum-dot supercrystal: Emerging multistability, periodic and aperiodic self-oscillations, chaos, and transient chaos

Author

Ryzhov, Igor V., Malikov, Ramil F., Malyshev, Andrey V., and Malyshev, Victor A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

We conduct a theoretical study of the nonlinear optical response of a two-dimensional semi-conductor quantum dot supercrystal subjected to a quasi-resonant continuous wave excitation. Aconstituent quantum dot is odeled as a three-level ladder-like system (comprising the ground, theone-exciton, and the bi-exction states). To study the stationary response of the supercrystal, wepropose an exact linear parametric method of solving the nonlinear steady-state problem, whileto address the supercrystal optical dynamics qualitatively, we put forward a novel method to cal-culate the bifurcation diagram of the system. Analyzing the dynamics, we demonstrate that thesupercrystal can exhibit multistability, periodic and aperiodic self-oscillations, and chaotic behavior,depending on parameters of the supercrystal and excitation conditions. The effects originate fromthe interplay of the intrinsic nonlinearity of quantum dots and the retarded inter-dot dipole-dipoleinteraction. The latter provides a positive feedback which results in the exotic supercrystal opticaldynamics. These peculiarities of the supercrystal optical response open up a possibility for all-opticalapplications and devices. In particular, an all-optical switch, a tunable generator of THz pulses (inself-oscillating regime), a noise generator (in chaotic regime), and a tunable bistable mirror can bedesigned., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.00387

Published
2019
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4. Quantum nanoconstrictions fabricated by cryo-etching in encapsulated graphene

Author

Clericò, Vito, Delgado-Notario, Juan Antonio, Saiz-Bretín, Marta, Malyshev, Andrey V., Meziani, Yahya M., Hidalgo, Pedro, Méndez, Bianchi, Amado, Mario, Domínguez-Adame, Francisco, and Diez, Enrique

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

More than a decade after the discovery of graphene, ballistic transport in nanostructures based on this intriguing material still represents a challenging field of research in two-dimensional electronics. The presence of rough edges in nanostructures based on this material prevents the appearance of truly ballistic electron transport as theo\-re\-tically predicted and, therefore, not well-developed plateaus of conductance have been revealed to date. In this work we report on a novel implementation of the cryo-etching method, which enabled us to fabricate graphene nanoconstrictions encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride thin films with unprecedented control of the structure edges. High quality smooth nanometer-rough edges are characterized by atomic force microscopy and a clear correlation between low roughness and the existence of well-developed quantized conductance steps with the concomitant occurrence of ballistic transport is found at low temperature. In par\-ti\-cu\-lar, we come upon exact 2$e^{2}/h$ quantization steps of conductance at zero magnetic field due to size quantization, as it has been theoretically predicted for truly ballistic electron transport through graphene nanoconstrictions.

Published
2019
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5. Nanoelectronic devices based on twisted graphene nanoribbons

Author

Saiz-Bretín, Marta, Malyshev, Andrey V., and Domínguez-Adame, Francisco

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We argue that twisted graphene nanoribbons subjected to a transverse electric field can operate as a variety of nanoelectronic devices, such as tunable tunnel diodes with current-voltage characteristics controlled by the transverse field. Using the density-functional tight-binding method to address the effects of mechanical strain induced by the twisting, we show that the electronic transport properties remain almost unaffected by the strain in relevant cases and propose a simplified tight-binding model which gives reliable results. The transverse electric field creates a periodic electrostatic potential along the nanoribbon, resulting in a formation of a superlattice-like energy band structure and giving rise to different remarkable electronic properties. We demonstrate that if the nanoribbon geometry and operating point are selected appropriately, the system can function as a field-effect transistor or a device with nonlinear current-voltage characteristic manifesting one or several regions of negative differential resistance. The latter opens possibilities for applications such as an active element of nanoscale amplifiers, generators, and new class of devices with multiple logic states., Comment: 8 two column pages, 9 figures

Published
2018

6. Nonlinear optical response of a two-dimensional quantum dot supercrystal: Emerging multistability, periodic/aperiodic self-oscillations, and hyperchaos

Author

Zapatero, Pablo Alvarez, Malikov, Ramil F., Ryzhov, Igor V., Malyshev, Andrey V., and Malyshev, Victor A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study theoretically the nonlinear optical response of a two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dot supercrystal under a resonant continuous wave excitation. A single quantum dot is modeled as a three-level ladder-like system with the ground, one-exciton, and bi-exction states. We propose an exact linear parametric method of solving the nonlinear steady-state problem. It is demonstrate that the system may exhibit multistability, periodic and aperiodic self-oscillations, and hyperchaotic behavior, depending on the system's parameters and frequency of excitation. The effects originate from the retarded dipole-dipole interaction of quantum dots. The latter provides a positive feedback which, in combination with the nonlinearity of SQDs, leads to an exotic nonlinear dynamics of the system indicated above. We discuss relevance of the underlined effects for nanosized all-optical devices. In particular, a quantum dot supercrystal may serve as a nanosized all-optical switch, a tunable generator of trains of THz pulses (in self-oscillating regime), as well as a noise generator (in chaotic regime) at the nanoscale. We show also that the supercrystal can operate as a bistable mirror. All this suggests various nanophotonic applications of such type of materials., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2018
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7. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, and Alon, Moshe

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

8. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

9. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., primary, Wilkins, Kate D., additional, Holdrege, Martin C., additional, Wilfahrt, Peter, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, Sala, Osvaldo E., additional, Dukes, Jeffrey S., additional, Phillips, Richard P., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Beier, Claus, additional, Fraser, Lauchlan H., additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Loik, Michael E., additional, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Yu, Qiang, additional, Felton, Andrew J., additional, Munson, Seth M., additional, Luo, Yiqi, additional, Abdoli, Hamed, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Alados, Concepción L., additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Alon, Moshe, additional, An, Hui, additional, Anacker, Brian, additional, Anderson, Maggie, additional, Auge, Harald, additional, Bachle, Seton, additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Batbaatar, Amgaa, additional, Bauerle, Taryn, additional, Beard, Karen H., additional, Behn, Kai, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Biancari, Lucio, additional, Blindow, Irmgard, additional, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Bork, Edward W., additional, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, additional, Byrne, Kerry M., additional, Cahill Jr., James F., additional, Calvo, Dianela A., additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Cardoni, Augusto, additional, Carlyle, Cameron N., additional, Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, additional, Chang, Scott X., additional, Chieppa, Jeff, additional, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., additional, Cohen, Ofer, additional, Cordeiro, Amanda L., additional, Cusack, Daniela F., additional, Dahlke, Sven, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, D'Antonio, Carla M., additional, Dietterich, Lee H., additional, S. Doherty, Tim, additional, Dubbert, Maren, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Fischer, Felícia M., additional, Forte, T'ai G. W., additional, Gebauer, Tobias, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Greenville, Aaron C., additional, Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., additional, Hannusch, Heather J., additional, Vatsø Haugum, Siri, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hefting, Mariet, additional, Henry, Hugh A. L., additional, Hoss, Daniela, additional, Ingrisch, Johannes, additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Isbell, Forest, additional, Johnson, Yari, additional, Jordan, Samuel, additional, Kelly, Eugene F., additional, Kimmel, Kaitlin, additional, Kreyling, Juergen, additional, Kröel-Dulay, György, additional, Kröpfl, Alicia, additional, Kübert, Angelika, additional, Kulmatiski, Andrew, additional, Lamb, Eric G., additional, Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, additional, Larson, Julie, additional, Lawson, Jason, additional, Leder, Cintia V., additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, Liu, Jielin, additional, Liu, Shirong, additional, Lodge, Alexandra G., additional, Longo, Grisel, additional, Loydi, Alejandro, additional, Luan, Junwei, additional, Curtis Lubbe, Frederick, additional, Macfarlane, Craig, additional, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, additional, Malyshev, Andrey V., additional, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, additional, Merchant, Thomas, additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Mudongo, Edwin, additional, Newman, Gregory S., additional, Nielsen, Uffe N., additional, Nimmo, Dale, additional, Niu, Yujie, additional, Nobre, Paola, additional, O'Connor, Rory C., additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Oñatibia, Gastón R., additional, Orbán, Ildikó, additional, Osborne, Brooke, additional, Otfinowski, Rafael, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Peter, Guadalupe, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, additional, Ploughe, Laura W., additional, Plowes, Robert M., additional, Portales-Reyes, Cristy, additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Pueyo, Yolanda, additional, Reed, Sasha C., additional, Ritchie, Euan G., additional, Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, additional, Rogers, William E., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santos, Bráulio A., additional, Cecilia Scarfó, María, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Shi, Baoku, additional, Souza, Lara, additional, Stampfli, Andreas, additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sternberg, Marcelo, additional, Sun, Wei, additional, Sünnemann, Marie, additional, Tedder, Michelle, additional, Thorvaldsen, Pål, additional, Tian, Dashuan, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Valdecantos, Alejandro, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., additional, Guri Velle, Liv, additional, Wang, Changhui, additional, Wang, Yi, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Werner, Christiane, additional, Wei, Cunzheng, additional, Wiehl, Georg, additional, Williams, Jennifer L., additional, Wolf, Amelia A., additional, Zeiter, Michaela, additional, Zhang, Fawei, additional, Zhu, Juntao, additional, Zong, Ning, additional, and Zuo, Xiaoan, additional

Published
2024
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11. Graphene nanoring as a tunable source of polarized electrons

Author

Munárriz, Javier, Domínguez-Adame, Francisco, Orellana, Pedro A., and Malyshev, Andrey V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We propose a novel spin filter based on a graphene nanoring fabricated above a ferromagnetic strip. The exchange interaction between the magnetic moments of the ions in the ferromagnet and the electron spin splits the electronic states, and gives rise to spin polarization of the conductance and the total electric current. We demonstrate that both the current and its polarization can be controlled by a side-gate voltage. This opens the possibility to use the proposed device as a tunable source of polarized electrons., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Nanotechnology

Published
2012
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12. Warming nondormant tree roots advances aboveground spring phenology in temperate trees

Author

Malyshev, Andrey V., primary, Blume‐Werry, Gesche, additional, Spiller, Ophelia, additional, Smiljanić, Marko, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Kolb, Alexander, additional, Nze, Byron Ye, additional, Märker, Frederik, additional, Sommer, Freymuth Carl‐Fried Johannes, additional, Kinley, Kinley, additional, Ziegler, Jan, additional, Pasang, Pasang, additional, Mahara, Robert, additional, Joshi, Silviya, additional, Heinsohn, Vincent, additional, and Kreyling, Juergen, additional

Published
2023
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13. Increased Soil Frost Versus Summer Drought as Drivers of Plant Biomass Responses to Reduced Precipitation : Results from a Globally Coordinated Field Experiment

Author

Henry, Hugh A. L., Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Beard, Karen H., Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Kreyling, Juergen, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Sun, Wei, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Venn, Susanna, Werner, Christiane, Beil, Ilka, Blindow, Irmgard, Dahlke, Sven, Dubbert, Maren, Effinger, Alexandra, Garris, Heath W., Gartzia, Maite, Gebauer, Tobias, Khan, Mohammed A. S. Arfin, Malyshev, Andrey V., Morgan, John, Nock, Charles, Paulson, Janelle P., Pueyo, Yolanda, Stover, Holly J., and Yang, Xuechen

Published
2018

17. Warming nondormant tree roots advances aboveground spring phenology in temperate trees

Author

Malyshev, Andrey V., Blume-Werry, Gesche, Spiller, Ophelia, Smiljanić, Marko, Weigel, Robert, Kolb, Alexander, Nze, Byron Ye, Märker, Frederik, Sommer, Freymuth Carl-Fried Johannes, Kinley, Kinley, Ziegler, Jan, Pasang, Pasang, Mahara, Robert, Joshi, Silviya, Heinsohn, Vincent, Kreyling, Juergen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Blume-Werry, Gesche, Spiller, Ophelia, Smiljanić, Marko, Weigel, Robert, Kolb, Alexander, Nze, Byron Ye, Märker, Frederik, Sommer, Freymuth Carl-Fried Johannes, Kinley, Kinley, Ziegler, Jan, Pasang, Pasang, Mahara, Robert, Joshi, Silviya, Heinsohn, Vincent, and Kreyling, Juergen

Abstract

Climate warming advances the onset of tree growth in spring, but above- and belowground phenology are not always synchronized. These differences in growth responses may result from differences in root and bud dormancy dynamics, but root dormancy is largely unexplored. We measured dormancy in roots and leaf buds of Fagus sylvatica and Populus nigra by quantifying the warming sum required to initiate above- and belowground growth in October, January and February. We furthermore carried out seven experiments, manipulating only the soil and not air temperature before or during tree leaf-out to evaluate the potential of warmer roots to influence budburst timing using seedlings and adult trees of F. sylvatica and seedlings of Betula pendula. Root dormancy was virtually absent in comparison with the much deeper winter bud dormancy. Roots were able to start growing immediately as soils were warmed during the winter. Interestingly, higher soil temperature advanced budburst across all experiments, with soil temperature possibly accounting for c. 44% of the effect of air temperature in advancing aboveground spring phenology per growing degree hour. Therefore, differences in root and bud dormancy dynamics, together with their interaction, likely explain the nonsynchronized above- and belowground plant growth responses to climate warming.

Published
2023
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20. Late autumn warming can both delay and advance spring budburst through contrasting effects on bud dormancy depth in Fagus sylvatica L.

Author

Garrigues, Romain, Dox, Inge, Flores, Omar, Marchand, Lorène J, Malyshev, Andrey V, Beemster, Gerrit, AbdElgawad, Hamada, Janssens, Ivan, Asard, Han, and Campioli, Matteo

Subjects
SPRING, EUROPEAN beech, CONTRAST effect, BUD development, DECIDUOUS plants, AUTUMN
Abstract

The current state of knowledge on bud dormancy is limited. However, expanding such knowledge is crucial in order to properly model forest responses and feedback to future climate. Recent studies have shown that warming can decrease chilling accumulation and increase dormancy depth, thereby inducing delayed budburst in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L). Whether fall warming can advance spring phenology is unclear. To investigate the effect of warming on endodormancy of deciduous trees, we tested the impact of mild elevated temperature (+2.5–3.5 °C; temperature, on average, kept at 10 °C) in mid and late autumn on the bud dormancy depth and spring phenology of beech. We studied saplings by inducing periods of warming in greenhouses over a 2-year period. Even though warming reduced chilling accumulation in both years, we observed that the response of dormancy depth and spring budburst were year-specific. We found that warming during endodormancy peak could decrease the bud dormancy depth and therefore advance spring budburst. This effect appears to be modulated by factors such as the date of senescence onset and forcing intensity during endodormancy. Results from this study suggest that not only chilling but also forcing controls bud development during endodormancy and that extra forcing in autumn can offset reduced chilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Correction: Populations of arable weed species show intra-specific variability in germination base temperature but not in early growth rate.

Author

Bürger, Jana, Malyshev, Andrey V., and Colbach, Nathalie

Subjects
*WEEDS, *TEMPERATURE, *GERMINATION, *SPECIES, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *SOIL temperature
Abstract

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Populations of arable weed species show intra-specific variability in germination base temperature but not in early growth rate." The correction relates to Figure 1, which was plotted with a censored subset of the original climate data. The corrected figure shows average daily temperatures in France and Germany between 2000 and 2019, including mean air temperature, minimum air temperature, and mean soil temperature. The authors of the article are Jana Bürger, Andrey V. Malyshev, and Nathalie Colbach. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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30. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx)

Author

Halbritter, Aud H., De Boeck, Hans J., Eycott, Amy E., Reinsch, Sabine, Robinson, David A., Vicca, Sara, Berauer, Bernd, Christiansen, Casper T., Estiarte, Marc, Grunzweig, Jose M., Gya, Ragnhild, Hansen, Karin, Jentsch, Anke, Lee, Hanna, Linder, Sune, Marshall, John, Penuelas, Josep, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen, Wilfahrt, Peter, Vandvik, Vigdis, Abrantes, Nelson, Almagro, Maria, Althuizen, Inge H. J., Barrio, Isabel C., te Beest, Mariska, Beier, Claus, Beil, Ilka, Berry, Z. Carter, Birkemoe, Tone, Bjerke, Jarle W., Blonder, Benjamin, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Bohrer, Gil, Campos, Isabel, Cernusak, Lucas A., Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Cosby, Bernhard J., Dickman, Lee T., Djukic, Ika, Filella, Iolanda, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gillespie, Mark A. K., Goldsmith, Gregory R., Gough, Christopher, Halliday, Fletcher W., Hegland, Stein Joar, Hoch, Guenter, Holub, Petr, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnson, Daniel M., Jones, Scott B., Kardol, Paul, Keizer, Jan J., Klem, Karel, Konestabo, Heidi S., Kreyling, Juergen, Kroel-Dulay, Gyorgy, Landhausser, Simon M., Larsen, Klaus S., Leblans, Niki, Lebron, Inma, Lehmann, Marco M., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lenz, Armando, Linstaedter, Anja, Llusia, Joan, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Malyshev, Andrey, V, Mand, Pille, Marshall, Miles, Matheny, Ashley M., McDowell, Nate, Meier, Ina C., Meinzer, Frederick C., Michaletz, Sean T., Miller, Megan L., Muffler, Lena, Oravec, Michal, Ostonen, Ivika, Porcar-Castell, Albert, Preece, Catherine, Prentice, Iain C., Radujkovic, Dajana, Ravolainen, Virve, Ribbons, Relena, Ruppert, Jan C., Sack, Lawren, Sardans, Jordi, Schindlbacher, Andreas, Scoffoni, Christine, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Smart, Simon, Smith, Stuart W., Soper, Fiona, Speed, James D. M., Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne, Sydenham, Markus A. K., Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Telford, Richard J., Tielboerger, Katja, Topper, Joachim P., Urban, Otmar, van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Vecerova, Kristyna, Ven, Arne, Verbruggen, Erik, Vik, Unni, Weigel, Robert, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Wood, Lauren K., Zinnert, Julie, Zurba, Kamal, Halbritter, Aud H., De Boeck, Hans J., Eycott, Amy E., Reinsch, Sabine, Robinson, David A., Vicca, Sara, Berauer, Bernd, Christiansen, Casper T., Estiarte, Marc, Grunzweig, Jose M., Gya, Ragnhild, Hansen, Karin, Jentsch, Anke, Lee, Hanna, Linder, Sune, Marshall, John, Penuelas, Josep, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen, Wilfahrt, Peter, Vandvik, Vigdis, Abrantes, Nelson, Almagro, Maria, Althuizen, Inge H. J., Barrio, Isabel C., te Beest, Mariska, Beier, Claus, Beil, Ilka, Berry, Z. Carter, Birkemoe, Tone, Bjerke, Jarle W., Blonder, Benjamin, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Bohrer, Gil, Campos, Isabel, Cernusak, Lucas A., Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Cosby, Bernhard J., Dickman, Lee T., Djukic, Ika, Filella, Iolanda, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gillespie, Mark A. K., Goldsmith, Gregory R., Gough, Christopher, Halliday, Fletcher W., Hegland, Stein Joar, Hoch, Guenter, Holub, Petr, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnson, Daniel M., Jones, Scott B., Kardol, Paul, Keizer, Jan J., Klem, Karel, Konestabo, Heidi S., Kreyling, Juergen, Kroel-Dulay, Gyorgy, Landhausser, Simon M., Larsen, Klaus S., Leblans, Niki, Lebron, Inma, Lehmann, Marco M., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lenz, Armando, Linstaedter, Anja, Llusia, Joan, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Malyshev, Andrey, V, Mand, Pille, Marshall, Miles, Matheny, Ashley M., McDowell, Nate, Meier, Ina C., Meinzer, Frederick C., Michaletz, Sean T., Miller, Megan L., Muffler, Lena, Oravec, Michal, Ostonen, Ivika, Porcar-Castell, Albert, Preece, Catherine, Prentice, Iain C., Radujkovic, Dajana, Ravolainen, Virve, Ribbons, Relena, Ruppert, Jan C., Sack, Lawren, Sardans, Jordi, Schindlbacher, Andreas, Scoffoni, Christine, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Smart, Simon, Smith, Stuart W., Soper, Fiona, Speed, James D. M., Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne, Sydenham, Markus A. K., Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Telford, Richard J., Tielboerger, Katja, Topper, Joachim P., Urban, Otmar, van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Vecerova, Kristyna, Ven, Arne, Verbruggen, Erik, Vik, Unni, Weigel, Robert, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Wood, Lauren K., Zinnert, Julie, and Zurba, Kamal

Abstract

Climate change is a world-wide threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure, functioning and services. To understand the underlying drivers and mechanisms, and to predict the consequences for nature and people, we urgently need better understanding of the direction and magnitude of climate change impacts across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. An increasing number of climate change studies are creating new opportunities for meaningful and high-quality generalizations and improved process understanding. However, significant challenges exist related to data availability and/or compatibility across studies, compromising opportunities for data re-use, synthesis and upscaling. Many of these challenges relate to a lack of an established 'best practice' for measuring key impacts and responses. This restrains our current understanding of complex processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems related to climate change. To overcome these challenges, we collected best-practice methods emerging from major ecological research networks and experiments, as synthesized by 115 experts from across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Our handbook contains guidance on the selection of response variables for different purposes, protocols for standardized measurements of 66 such response variables and advice on data management. Specifically, we recommend a minimum subset of variables that should be collected in all climate change studies to allow data re-use and synthesis, and give guidance on additional variables critical for different types of synthesis and upscaling. The goal of this community effort is to facilitate awareness of the importance and broader application of standardized methods to promote data re-use, availability, compatibility and transparency. We envision improved research practices that will increase returns on investments in individual research projects, facilitate second-order research outputs and create opportunities for collaboration across scientif

Published
2020

35. Nanoelectronic devices based on twisted graphene nanoribbons

Author

Saiz-Bret��n, Marta, Malyshev, Andrey V., and Dom��nguez-Adame, Francisco

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

We argue that twisted graphene nanoribbons subjected to a transverse electric field can operate as a variety of nanoelectronic devices, such as tunable tunnel diodes with current-voltage characteristics controlled by the transverse field. Using the density-functional tight-binding method to address the effects of mechanical strain induced by the twisting, we show that the electronic transport properties remain almost unaffected by the strain in relevant cases and propose a simplified tight-binding model which gives reliable results. The transverse electric field creates a periodic electrostatic potential along the nanoribbon, resulting in a formation of a superlattice-like energy band structure and giving rise to different remarkable electronic properties. We demonstrate that if the nanoribbon geometry and operating point are selected appropriately, the system can function as a field-effect transistor or a device with nonlinear current-voltage characteristic manifesting one or several regions of negative differential resistance. The latter opens possibilities for applications such as an active element of nanoscale amplifiers, generators, and new class of devices with multiple logic states., 8 two column pages, 9 figures

Published
2018

36. Electronic and thermal properties of Graphene nanoestructures

Author

Saiz Bretín, Marta, Domínguez-Adame Acosta, Francisco, Malyshev, Andrey V., Saiz Bretín, Marta, Domínguez-Adame Acosta, Francisco, and Malyshev, Andrey V.

Abstract

Nanoscience is one of the most exciting research fields of modern science due to the novel and unexpected properties that materials exhibit at the scale of individual atoms. In order to exploit these properties in future applications, a deep understanding of the behavior of matter at the nanoscale is required.This thesis aims to present new findings related to the modeling of electronic and thermal transport in several graphene nanostructures, including graphene nanoconstrictions, twisted graphene ribbons and graphene rings...

Published
2019

37. Electronic and thermal properties of Graphene nanoestructures

Author

Domínguez-Adame Acosta, Francisco, Malyshev, Andrey V., Saiz Bretín, Marta, Domínguez-Adame Acosta, Francisco, Malyshev, Andrey V., and Saiz Bretín, Marta

Abstract

Nanoscience is one of the most exciting research fields of modern science due to the novel and unexpected properties that materials exhibit at the scale of individual atoms. In order to exploit these properties in future applications, a deep understanding of the behavior of matter at the nanoscale is required.This thesis aims to present new findings related to the modeling of electronic and thermal transport in several graphene nanostructures, including graphene nanoconstrictions, twisted graphene ribbons and graphene rings..., La Nanociencia es una de las disciplinas de mayor crecimiento y relevancia en la actualidad debido a las nuevas e inesperadas propiedades que exhiben los materiales al reducir sus dimensiones. Sin embargo, para poder explotar estas propiedades de forma óptima en posibles aplicaciones, aún se necesita una mayor comprensión del comportamiento de la materia en la nanoescala. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es estudiar el transporte electrónico y térmico en distintas nanoestructuras de grafeno, entre las que se incluyen nanoconstricciones, nanocintas de grafeno helicoidales y anillos de grafeno..

Published
2019

38. Phenotypic plasticity closely linked to climate at origin and resulting in increased mortality under warming and frost stress in a common grass

Author

German Research Foundation, University of Greifswald, Kreyling, Juergen, Puechmaille, Sébastien J., Malyshev, Andrey V., Valladares Ros, Fernando, German Research Foundation, University of Greifswald, Kreyling, Juergen, Puechmaille, Sébastien J., Malyshev, Andrey V., and Valladares Ros, Fernando

Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity is important for species responses to global change and species coexistence. Phenotypic plasticity differs among species and traits and changes across environments. Here, we investigated phenotypic plasticity of the widespread grass Arrhenatherum elatius in response to winter warming and frost stress by comparing phenotypic plasticity of 11 geographically and environmentally distinct populations of this species to phenotypic plasticity of populations of different species originating from a single environment. The variation in phenotypic plasticity was similar for populations of a single species from different locations compared to populations of functionally and taxonomically diverse species from one environment for the studied traits (leaf biomass production and root integrity after frost) across three indices of phenotypic plasticity (RDPI, PIN, slope of reaction norm). Phenotypic plasticity was not associated with neutral genetic diversity but closely linked to the climate of the populations’ origin. Populations originating from warmer and more variable climates showed higher phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that phenotypic plasticity can itself be considered as a trait subject to local adaptation to climate. Finally, our data emphasize that high phenotypic plasticity is not per se positive for adaptation to climate change, as differences in stress responses are resulting in high phenotypic plasticity as expressed by common plasticity indices, which is likely to be related to increased mortality under stress in more plastic populations.

Published
2019

39. Increased Soil Frost Versus Summer Drought as Drivers of Plant Biomass Responses To Reduced Precipitation: Results from A Globally-Coordinated Field Experiment

Author

Henry, Hugh A.L., Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepcion L., Beard, Karen H., Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Kreyling, Juergen, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Sun, Wei, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Venn, Susanna, Werner, Christiane, Beil, Ilka, Blindow, Irmgard, Dahlke, Sven, Dubbert, Maren, Effinger, Alexandra, Garris, Heath W., Gartzia, Maite, Gebauer, Tobias, Arfin Khan, Mohammed A.S., Malyshev, Andrey V., Nock, Charles, Paulson, Janelle P., Pueyo, Yolanda, Stover, Holly J., and Yang, Xuechen

Subjects
productivity, snow cover, drought, frost, rain, International Drought Experiment, climate, winter
Abstract

Reduced precipitation treatments often are used in field experiments to explore the effects of drought on plant productivity and species composition. However, in seasonally snow-covered regions reduced precipitation also reduces snow cover, which can increase soil frost depth, decrease minimum soil temperatures and increase soil freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, in addition to the effects of reduced precipitation on plants via drought, freezing damage to overwintering plant tissues at or below the soil surface could further affect plant productivity and relative species abundances during the growing season. We examined the effects of both reduced rainfall (via rain-out shelters) and reduced snow cover (via snow removal) at 13 sites globally (primarily grasslands) within the framework of the International Drought Experiment, a coordinated distributed experiment. Plant cover was estimated at the species level and aboveground biomass was quantified at the functional group level. Among sites, we observed a negative correlation between the snow removal effect on minimum soil temperature and plant biomass production the next growing season. Three sites exhibited significant rain-out shelter effects on plant productivity, but there was no correlation among sites between the rain-out shelter effect on minimum soil moisture and plant biomass. There was no interaction between snow removal and rain-out shelters for plant biomass, although these two factors only exhibited significant effects simultaneously for a single site. Overall, our results reveal that reduced snowfall, when it decreases minimum soil temperatures, can be an important component of the total effect of reduced precipitation on plant productivity.

Published
2018

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