Search

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo fue analizar la formación para la enseñanza del lenguaje oral y escrito (LOE) en carreras de educación parvularia chilena. Empleando un diseño mixto, para tal propósito se analizaron datos primarios y secundarios referentes al discurso declarado sobre esta área de la formación (planes de estudio, programas de cursos y planteamientos de jefas de carrera). Los resultados obtenidos indican que si bien esta área cobra gran relevancia estructural en las carreras, ello ocurre desde tres perspectivas distintas: disciplinar, crítica y pragmática. Cada aproximación configura variables estructurales y de proceso que le permiten intencionar, desde sus sellos institucionales, las distintas dimensiones del conocimiento práctico para la enseñanza del LOE. Sin embargo, todas las carreras enfrentan restricciones y dilemas similares que se relacionan con la escasez de recursos, las características de los estudiantes y las tensiones propias de nuestro sistema de educación superior.

Many of our needs can wait. The child cannot. He is now building his bones, rearing his blood, and practising the exercise of his senses. After the child turns seven, we can only partially amend, and correct without curing.

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the different types of Chilean early childhood care and education programmes according to international standards. The sample included 120 centres representing the different types of pre-school programmes available, randomly selected from two different geographical regions of the country, where 52% of the population lives. This paper presents the structural and process characteristics observed in the classrooms, according to the results from the application of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS). All the different types of pre-school programmes in Chile exhibited a minimum level of quality, even though there are differences among types of programmes and also according to the geographical area where they were settled. Results are compared with findings from the European Child Care and Education (ECCE) study developed in Austria, Germany, Portugal and Spain and from the Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project, developed in...

Information about letters and the physical structure of language printed in Roman characters was given to children beginning to read. Experimental investigations coupled three alternative graphic modes of printing upper- and lower-case letters with an instructional intervention termed “Alpha-Beta” which provides practice in letter sorting, matching of letters, associative matching, and memory matching. In respect to graphics, Mode A letters were in standard alphabet form. Mode B provided standard letters with each backed by a unique half-tone (Visually Stippled Alphabet); Mode C provided standard letters with each backed by a unique visual texture (Visually Patterned Alphabet). Pre-posttest change in reading readiness was measured using the Metropolitan Readiness Test. In the first study 224 English-speaking 5- to 6-yr.-old children were tested. In the second there were 158 Spanish-speaking girls and boys 6 to 7 years old. It was predicted that Alpha-Beta intervention involving visually patterned alphabet would lead to the greatest increases in readiness scores. This is confirmed in both studies for children low in reading readiness preexperiment. Children high in reading readiness are less affected. The second experiment involved Spanish-speaking children and investigated intervention by Alpha-Beta against a no-intervention control. This confirms the value of Alpha-Beta per se. Possible explanations for the improvements are identified.

The paper reports the findings of a study whose main objectives were the design and evaluation of an educational intervention programme for deprivred children at Kindergarten level. The design of the intervention was structured round the dimensions: the planning of the teaching process, teacher inservice training on cognitive modifiability and effective mediation. The main contents of the programme are language development, initial reading, writing, and number concepts. It was carried out with a sample of three schools and six groups of children. The results show significant changes in the teachers, mainly on the planning of the teaching strategies and in the conduction of the learning process. Children improved their expressive language, showed more self-control and concentration on the learning tasks. The study was financed by the Research Direction of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. L’objectif general du projet fut dessiner et valider une intervention pedagogique au niveau du “Pre-Kinder”, (enfants d’environ cinq ans), dans un echantillon d’ecoles dont les eleves appartiennent a des secteurs populeux defavorises, en tenant comme axe de la conduite du proces d’enseignement et d’apprentissage, la modificabilite cognitive et la mediation effective et, comme ses contenus principaux: le developpement du langage, le debut de la lecture et de l’ecriture et la construction des concepts iniciaux des Mathematiques. A partir de la participation dans cette experience de perfectionnement des professeurs, on a observe d’importants changements dans l’envisagement du proces de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage chez les maitresses de l’Ecole Maternelle qui se chargeaient des six classes qui ont fait partie du groupe experimental.

This work studies the evolution of the knowledge of the rules of a children's game and the capacity of putting them into practice at ages ranging from four to seven. The procedure followed was: 1° realisation of an interview with each subject in order to get their knowledge and acceptation of the game's rules; 2° a game session of two of the children of the sample, assigned at random. The results show distinguishable evolutive levels of knowledge and practice through age, with the development of the capacity of putting the rules into practice before being able of formulating them. These results are discussed from the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky.

Introduction. There is substantial research literature emphasizing the positive impact of early literacy learning on school achievement, mainly in the case of children at-risk, but there aren’t adequate conditions at school to develop them. Here we examine the effects of teaching reading and writing strategies on atrisk children’s literacy learning (mean 5 years 3 months). Material and method: 339 at-risk Chilean children (132 in the intervention group and 207 in the comparison group) were assessed, at the beginning and the end of the school year. Teachers participated in a 1-year professional development intervention that included training and expert coaching. Results: Positive intervention effects were observed on children’s knowledge of the alphabet, emergent writing and word identification. There was no effect on children’s oral language outcomes. Discussion: The results were contrasted with other programs, showing the importance of training and coaching educators.

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en un seguimiento de 227 niños durante cuatro años. Fueron evaluados al iniciar el primer año básico con diversas pruebas psicolingüísticas predictivas y luego en lectura a fines del primero y del cuarto año. Se estudió la variación de la predictividad de la lectura entre ambos cursos, mediante matriz de correlaciones y regresión step-wise. Los resultados indican que el conocimiento de las letras y la conciencia fonológica fueron los mejores predictores de la lectura del primer año. En cambio el conocimiento de las letras, de palabras escritas y de estructuras textuales predijo mejor la lectura a fines del cuarto año. The aim of this article is to present the issues of a follow-up study between 227 children of first and fourth grade of elementary school. They were tested with several psycholinguistic tests at the beginning of first grade and thereafter they were tested in reading at the end of the first and fourth grade. The variability in the prediction of the initial tests over the first and fourth grades was calculated by correlations and step-wise regression. The results show that there is variability among the predictive variables between these grades. In first grade the most predictive tests were letter naming and phonological awareness. For fourth grade the most predictive tests were letter naming and knowledge ot written words and textual structures.

Este artículo describe los resultados obtenidos en una investigación de seguimiento de 260 alumnos de enseñanza básica desde su ingreso en el primer año hasta fines del tercer año. Se estudió principalmente la evolución en lectura y las variables iniciales más predictivas del rendimiento final. Se encontró una fuerte estabilidad en el rendimiento en lectura. Los niños que ya traían a su ingreso al primer año ciertas bases prelectoras, como el conocimiento de las letras, el reconocimiento de nombres propios, días de la semana y conciencia fonológica fueron mejores lectores durante todo el período estudiado. The aim of this article is to show the issues of a follow-up research in 260 children from the beginning of primary school to third grade. The focus of this study was the evolution of reading and the most predictive cognitive variables from first grade. It was show that learning to read was highly stable. Children who had a certain knowledge when entering first grade of some letters, reading of several names and days of the week, and phonological awareness were better readers through time.