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A new species Synura tiksiensis (section Petersenianae) is described based on structure of silica scales, observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The new species was recovered from several ponds near the arctic settlement of Tiksi (Yakutia, Russia). Synura tiksiensis scales have a narrow keel with large pores, ending with an acute, round tip, and rounded struts with big pores connected to each other by a parallel rib. Two rare species were found in one of the studied ponds: Synura petersenii f. taymyrensis and S. obesa. The latter was discovered for the first time after the initial finding. The species reassembles S. tiksiensis in scale structure. Described Synura species were found at water temperatures between 14.6–16.7 °C and pH 7.22–7.51.

A new species of tropical chrysophyte algae, Mallomonas lusca sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on silica-scale morphology observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scales of this species were previously found in Malaysia, but had not yet been described. Mallomonas lusca belongs to section Torquatae and is most similar to M. favosa. Its scales have a unique conspicuous rounded pit with a raised thickened central area, which develops in association with the posterior pore in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. This rounded pit is surrounded by delicate papillae across the border on the shield. Mallomonas lusca has been observed in six localities in Vietnam and one in Malaysia.

Mallomonas fragariformis sp. nov. Gusev, Kapustin, Shkurina, Martynenko (Figures 2–17) Three types of scales have been observed: apical domed collar scales, domeless body scales and small rear scales with stout four-edged spines. The body scales are rhomboidal and slightly asymmetric, 2.7–4.1 × 1.9–2.7 μm (Figures 2–4, 12–16). Shield and anterior flanges are ornamented with numerous densely spaced large papillae which are placed in shallow pits, rounded or hexagonal, formed by a surface thickening of the secondary siliceous layer (Figure 5). Anterior flanges are slightly raised above the shield. The shield is patterned with an inner reticulated meshwork, creating a dense system of irregular, polygonal or rounded apertures, covered by surface siliceous layer and visible only with TEM (Figures 12–16). Posterior submarginal rib is well developed while arms of anterior submarginal rib are weakly developed or absent. At the distal end of each arm of the posterior submarginal rib, another short rib may develop on the outer side. There is a rounded or triangular area in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib, lacking secondary layer, which contains from 3 to more than 10 rimmed pores on the base plate. Posterior border is wide and smooth, with inner struts, encircles half of the scale. Posterior flange is narrow. The collar scales are asymmetrical, elongate, and have a broadly rounded proximal end and narrower distal end, 4.1–4.4 × 2.3–2.4 μm (Figures 9–10). Ornamentation on the shield and flanges is the same as found on the body scales. The posterior submarginal rib on the “dorsal” side is well developed, connected with the dome. An additional submarginal rib (anterior) departs from the dome on the “ventral” side. The dome on the collar scales is partially ornamented with papillae, and has a sharply pointed peak at the apex. There are up to 6 rimmed base plate pores in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. The rear scales are 1.6–2.9 × 1.3–1.9 μm, similar in structure and outline to the body scales, and each scale bearing stout four-edged spine (Figures 6–7, 11). These spines are 1.1–1.2 µm long, located at the distal ends of the scales or, more often, shifted to the right side, near the distal end. The spines gradually taper from the base to the top (basal width 0.39–0.55 µm and apical width 0.07–0.17 µm); on top there is a strongly narrowed and slightly drawn part with a rim of teeth at the top. All four edges of the spine are serrated. Bristles are short, 6–10 µm long, curved, smooth (Figure 17). Cysts were not observed. Holotype (here designated): Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub No. PQ7 (holotype designated here in Figure 4) deposited at the Herbarium, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok (IBIW). Material from unnamed pond in the northwest part of Phú Quốc Island, Kiên Giang Province, Viet Nam, collected by E.S. Gusev on the 25 th of April, 2015. Figure 4 is a representative scale from the specimen. Type Locality: Pond in the northwest part of Phú Qu ốc Island, Kiên Giang Province, Viet Nam. Latitude / Longitude: N10° 19.856’, E103° 51.538’. Etymology: the species epithet means “strawberry-like” and reflects the similarity between scale ornamentation (large papillae located in shallow pits) and strawberry fruit. Distribution: In addition to the type locality, this species has been observed in other regions of Viet Nam: another pond in Phú Quốc Island, aquaculture pond on Côn Sõn Island, unnamed reservoir and water body in Bình Thuận Province, swamp area Suối Bun in Phú Yên Province, pond in Quảng Trị Province, and Bàu Sen Lake in Thừa Thiên Huễ Province (Table 1). Also, Mallomonas fragariformis has previously been reported from Java Island in Indonesia as M. sp. 1 (Kapustin & Gusev 2019, figs 9,10, p. 15). Mallomonas fragariformis was found at wide ranges of environmental parameters: pH from 6.0 to 8.66, specific conductance from 37 to 329 µS cm-1, chlorophyll a values from 50 to 87 µg l –1, and temperature 30–36 ºC (Table 1).

Mallomonas fragariformis sp. nov. is described from Viet Nam based on silica-scale morphology studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This species belongs to the Mallomonas mangofera species complex and is characterized by small scales ornamented with large papillae placed in shallow pits and stout four-edged serrated spines on the rear scales. Scales of Mallomonas fragariformis were found in eight localities from six provinces of Central and Southern Viet Nam. Also scales of this species have previously been reported from Java Island in Indonesia. The distribution and habitat conditions of the new species are summarized.

Synura tiksiensis sp. nov. Bessudova, Gabyshev & Likhoshway (Figs. 6–14) Description: Shape and dimensions of the colonies are unknown. Body scales are oval, 2.9–3.25 µm long and 1.8–2.0 µm wide. The keel is cylindrical, 0.5–0.66 µm wide, has a acute or rounded tip ornamented by medium (66-100 nm in diameter) and large pores (120-170 nm in diameter) (Figs. 7, 9). The foramen pore on the base plate is circular and large, 0.36–0.7 µm in diameter. Numerous tiny pores ornament the basal plate. The rounded struts reach the proximal rim of the scale. In some parts, they are connected by a parallel rib (Figs. 10–14). The posterior rim is narrow, 0.16– 0.19 µm wide, and encircles about half of the perimeter of the scale. Apical scales are 2.9–3.4 µm long and 1.8–2.3 µm wide (Figs. 10–14). The keel of the apical scales has a prominent, acute tip. Rear scales are 3.2–3.8 µm long and 1.2–1.5 µm wide (Figs. 6, 7). Stomatocysts are unknown. Type: — Portion of a single gathering of scales on SEM stub No.17852 (here designated, Figure 6–14) was deposited at the Herbarium of the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk. Type locality:— boggy tundra, station is located on the northern slope of the Primorsky Ridge, Republic of Yakutia, Russia. Latitude / Longitude: N 71°33’35.68”, E 128°40’25.51”. Etymology:— The species was named after the city near which it was discovered. Distribution:— Scales were found in sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, at pH = 7.22–7.51, T = 14.6–16.7 °C (see Table 1).

Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. Gusev, Němcov�� & Kulikovskiy (Figs. 2���18) Description: Scales are 3.4���4.5 �� 1.7���2.4 ��m (up to 2.6 ��m with winged flanges), oval to obovate with lateral incurvings. Scales possess a posterior rim, a V-rib, anterior ribs and flanges, and a dome. The dome is subcircular and smooth. The shield is marked with four to six regularly spaced transverse ribs. A group of numerous pores, usually more than 20, is located at the angle of the V-rib in the posterior part of the shield. Anterior flanges are wide, in the form of wing-like extensions, with three to seven closely spaced struts. Anterior flanges surround the dome. The anterior submarginal ribs are well developed. The V-rib on the scales is acutely angled, slightly hooded, and continues on wing-like extensions. The posterior rim bears internal struts but is smooth on the surface. The posterior flange bears approximately 14���18 struts and scattered base-plate pores, sometimes organised to form a row (Fig. 6). Bristles are 4.5���6.2 ��m in length, slightly curved. The distal end of the bristle is widened. The tip is bifurcated with unequal diverging branches. One branch is short and sharp, whereas the other is wide with an acute tip and flat dorsal side (Figs. 10���14). Cysts were not observed. Holotype specimen: Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub No. B137 deposited at the Herbarium, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok (IBIW). Material from an unnamed lake in the Barguzin Mountains, Republic of Buryatia, Russia, collected by E.S. Gusev and M.S. Kulikovskiy on 18 July 2014. Figure 2 illustrates a representative scale from the holotype specimen. Type Locality: Unnamed lake 1 in Barguzin Mountains, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. Latitude/Longitude: N55�� 26.250��� E110�� 16.363���. Epithet: The species is named in honour of Lyudmila Voloshko, a well-known specialist in chrysophyte algae. Distribution: In addition to the type locality, this species was observed in other lakes of the Transbaikal area (Table 1). Mallomonas voloshkoae was found in acidic to slightly acidic conditions (pH from 5.2 to 6.5) with a specific conductance ranging from 2 to 14 ��S cm-1 and a temperature of 12���20��C (Table 1)., Published as part of Gusev, Evgeniy, N��mcov��, Yvonne & Kulikovskiy, Maxim, 2022, Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) and distribution of M. pechlaneri in mountain lakes of Siberia, pp. 221-229 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on pages 224-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5832781

Gusev, Evgeniy, Němcová, Yvonne, Kulikovskiy, Maxim (2022): Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) and distribution of M. pechlaneri in mountain lakes of Siberia. Phytotaxa 530 (2): 221-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.9

Mallomonas lusca Gusev & Kezlya sp. nov. (Figs. 2–10) Cells are armored with apical domed collar scales, domeless body scales, and small rear scales with short spines. The body scales are rhomboidal and slightly asymmetrical, 2.4–3.2 × 1.7–2.6 μm. Shield is patterned with a reticulated meshwork, creating a dense system of irregular, polygonal apertures, and scattered, delicate papillae. The anterior submarginal rib is well developed, raised above the shield, wide, with 9–12 struts at each side. There is a papilla at the distal side of each strut, adjacent to the anterior flange. A small pore is present in most scales near the distal end of the body scales in the apical flange region. The anterior flange is narrow. The posterior submarginal rib is smooth and fused with the arms of the anterior submarginal rib. There are inner struts, joining the posterior submarginal rib and the shield, only visible on TEM images. There is a conspicuous, rounded pit with a raised, thickened, central area (“island”), which is developed in association with the posterior pore in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. This rounded pit is surrounded by delicate papillae across the border on the shield. Few papillae are present at the thickened, central area (“island”). The posterior border is smooth and encircles half of the scale. The posterior flange is narrow and smooth. The collar scales are 2.6–3.3 × 1.8–2.1 μm, asymmetrical, elongate and have a broadly rounded, proximal end and narrower distal end, with a well-developed dome. The shield of the collar scales has a similar meshwork pattern to the body scales and an irregular, smooth area near the dome. The dome is oval in outline, with reticulation covering half of the surface, and with a sharply pointed peak at the apex. There are 2–5 rimmed base plate pores in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. The rear scales are similar in structure to the body scales, but more asymmetrical, bearing small spines and smaller in size, 1.4–2.2 × 1.2–1.6 μm. Bristles are 4–5 μm in length, curved, smooth and pointed. Cysts were not observed. Holotype:—Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub number BT_Prud9 (holotype designated here, Figure 2) deposited at the Herbarium of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok (IBIW). Material from swamp in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam. Sample collected 26 April 2014 by E.S. Gusev. Figure 2 is a representative scale from the type specimen. Type locality:— Vietnam: swamp pool in Binh Thuan Province near Bau Trang Lake, Latitude / Longitude: N11°03.846’ E108°25.836’. Etymology:—The epithet “lusca” (single-eyed, monocular) refers to the presence of a rounded pit with a raised thickened central area, resembling an eye. Distribution: —To date, Mallomonas lusca has been observed in six localities in Vietnam. In addition to the type locality, it has been found in two other waterbodies in Binh Thuan Province and in Khanh Hoa and Dong Nai Provinces (Table 1). Scales of this species were also reported from one locality in Malaysia (Dürrschmidt & Croome 1985). Observations: — Mallomonas lusca was found in meso- and eutrophic water bodies within a pH range of 6.0–6.7, specific conductance of 23 to 311 μS cm-1, and temperature 29–34 ºC (Table 1).

Mallomonas loricata Gusev, Shkurina & Kulikovskiy sp. nov. (figs 2–13) Scales are obovate, 5.7–6.8 × 3.8–4.4 μm in size. A wide posterior rim encircles one-half to two-thirds of the scale perimeter (figs 2–4). Evenly spaced small base-plate pores cover the scale surface and are often more widely spaced across the distal part (figs 5–6). One large, rimmed pore is situated in the posterior region and is surrounded by a cluster of minute pores. A thick secondary siliceous layer with internal reticulation covers almost the entire surface of the scales, excluding a small, rounded area surrounding the large, rimmed pore (figs 2–4 and 8–10). Bristles are 12–14 μm long, smooth, slightly curved, and possess a serrated distal tip; the bristle shaft is tubular, with a longitudinal slit (figs 7, 12–13). Cysts unknown. Holotype:—Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub no. BD25 (holotype designated here in fig. 2) deposited at the Herbarium, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok (IBIW). Material from My Binh Reservoir, Binh Dinh Province, VIETNAM, collected by E.S. Gusev on the 23 d of May, 2018. Figure 2 illustrates a representative scale from the specimen. Type locality: — VIETNAM: Binh Dinh Province, My Binh Reservoir, Latitude / Longitude: 14°33.869’ N, 108°59.427’ E. Epithet:—The epithet refers to the thick scales, forming armor, surrounding the cell. Distribution:—In addition to the type locality, this species has been observed from the other regions of Vietnam: Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Dak Lak, Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien Hue provinces, and in Hanoi (Table 1). Also, scales of this species were reported from Singapore and Malaysia under the name M. matvienkoae (Neustupa & Řezáčová 2007: 225, fig 7). Mallomonas loricata was found in a wide range of environmental parameters including pH (6.1–8.3), specific conductance (32–287 µS cm-1) and temperature (28–36 ºC) (Table 1)., Published as part of Gusev, Evgeniy, Shkurina, Nataliya & Kulikovskiy, Maxim, 2021, Mallomonas loricata sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section Planae, pp. 225-233 in Phytotaxa 500 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5424594, {"references":["Rezacova, M. & Neustupa, J. (2007) Distribution of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - ubiquitous dispersal in microorganisms evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004"]}

Gusev, Evgeniy, Shkurina, Nataliya, Kulikovskiy, Maxim (2021): Mallomonas loricata sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section Planae. Phytotaxa 500 (3): 225-233, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6

Mallomonas pillula f. valdiviana Dürrschmidt (Fig. 3G) DISTRIBUTION. — Bipolar (Kristiansen & Vigna 1996; Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS The scales of M. pillula f. valdiviana differ from the type form in having strong ribs forming a reticulum of irregularly-shaped meshes in the central area of the shield (Kristiansen 2002)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & VIGNA M. S. 1996. - Bipolarity in the distribution of silica-scaled chrysophytes. Hydrobiologia 336: 121 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 0908 - 8 _ 11","KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218"]}

Mallomonas cf. akrokomos Ruttner (Fig. 2B) DISTRIBUTION. — Cosmopolitan (Kristiansen 2000). REMARKS We did not observe the scales of M. akrokomos but we found its characteristic stomatocyst (Cronberg 1980). The stomatocyst was oval (9.45-10.85 × 5.75-8.68 µm) with a smooth surface. The collar is cylindrical, may be situated centrically or acentrically on the posterior hemisphere and often has a fluted outer margin (collar diameter 2.97-3.19 µm; height 0.9-1.0 µm). The pore was not observed., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 125, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2000. - Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668648","CRONBERG G. 1980. - Cyst development in different species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) studied by scanning electron microscopy. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement-Band 56: 421 - 434."]}

Mallomonas teres Nemcova & Kapustin (Fig. 3O) DISTRIBUTION. — Sweden and Ukraine (Nemcova & Kapustin 2019). REMARKS This recently described species is similar to M. pugio but its scales have a smooth dome and a distal part with 8-12 parallel curved ribs., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["NEMCOVA Y. & KAPUSTIN D. 2019. - Mallomonas teres, sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), simultaneously revealed in two distant European peat-bog regions. Cryptogamie, Algologie 40: 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / cryptogamie-algologie 2019 v 40 a 4"]}

Synura macropora Škaloud & Kynčlová (Fig. 4F) DISTRIBUTION. — Probably widely distributed; many previous records have been attributed to Synura petersenii sensu lato (Škaloud et al. 2012; Gusev et al. 2016). REMARKS This species can easily be distinguished from the other taxa of the Synura petersenii -complex by its rounded scales with large keel and large base plate pores (Škaloud et al. 2012)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["SKALOUD P., KYNCLOVA A., BENADA O., KOFRONOVA O. & SKALOUDOVA M. 2012. - Toward a revision of the genus Synura, section Petersenianae (Synurophyceae, Heterokontophyta): morphological characterization of six pseudocryptic species. Phycologia 51: 303 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 11 - 20.1","GUSEV E. S., KAPUSTIN D. A. & MARTYNENKO N. A. 2016. - Morphological and molecular studies of the genus Synura Ehrenb. (Chrysophyceae) from the algae culture collection of IBIW RAS. Transactions of I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS 73 (76): 5 - 11."]}

Mallomonas ouradion K.Harris & D.E.Bradley (Fig. 3B) DISTRIBUTION. — This species has scattered distribution (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS Except for the absence of a dome the scales of Mallomonas ouradion are virtually identical to those of M. calceolus (Siver 1991)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0"]}

Mallomonas mangofera var. foveata (Dürrschmidt) Kristiansen (Fig. 2O) DISTRIBUTION. — Cosmopolitan (Kristiansen 2002). REMARKS The scales of M. mangofera var. foveata differ from those of the type variety in having a characteristically arranged row of circular pits with a bordered pore at the bottom (Kristiansen 2002). We found this species during encystment., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218"]}

Synura heteropora Škaloud, Škaloudová & Procházková (Fig. 4D) DISTRIBUTION. — Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom (Škaloud et al. 2014). REMARKS The scales of this species have22-28 struts.The keel pores (these are actually not pores, but rather reticulations [P.A.Siver,pers.comm.]) are significantly larger than base plate pores (Škaloud et al. 2014).

Synura spinosa f. longispina J.B.Petersen & J.B.Hansen (Fig. 4K) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS The scales of this form differ from S. spinosa f. spinosa in having very long spine being longer than the plate (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 133, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p."]}

Mallomonas matvienkoae Asmund & Kristiansen (Fig. 3A) Mallomonopsis elliptica Matv., Trudy Naukovo-doslidnogo Instytutu Botaniky 4: 41 (1941). DISTRIBUTION. — Cosmopolitan (Kristiansen 2002). REMARKS This species has been described from Ukraine under the name Mallomonopsis elliptica Matv. (Matvienko 1941) and later re-described and transferred to the genus Mallomonas (Asmund & Kristiansen 1986). The Mallomonas matvienkoae species complex is a rather diverse group of pseudocryptic taxa and several new species, namely M. lacuna B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim, Siver & R.A.Andersen, M. hexareticulata B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim, Siver & R.A.Andersen, M. pseudomatvienkoae B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim, Siver & R.A.Andersen, M. sorohexareticulata B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim, Siver & R.A.Andersen, M.pleuriforamen Siver, Lott, B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim & R.A.Andersen (Jo et al. 2013), M. paragrandis Gusev (2015) and M. lamii Gusev et al. (2019a). Both recent and fossil taxa have been described from this group., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on pages 128-130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218","MATVIENKO A. M. 1941. - A Contribution to the Taxonomy of the Genus Mallomonas. Trudy Naukovo-doslidnogo Instytutu Botaniky 4: 41 - 47 [in Ukrainian].","ASMUND B. & KRISTIANSEN J. 1986. - The genus Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera Botanica 85: 1 - 128.","JO B. Y., SHIN W., KIM H. S., SIVER P. A. & ANDERSEN R. A. 2013. - Phylogeny of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of five new species on the basis of morphological evidence. Phycologia 52: 266 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 12 - 107.1","GUSEV E. S. 2015. - A new species in genus Mallomonas Perty (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) from Vietnam. International Journal on Algae 17 (4): 351 - 362.","GUSEV E., KULIZIN P., GUSEVA E., SHKURINA N. & KULIKOVSKIY M. 2019 a. - Mallomonas lamii sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species bearing large scales described from the tropics. Phytotaxa 423 (4): 266 - 272 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 423.4.5"]}

Synura korshikovii Kapustin & Gusev (Fig. 4E) DISTRIBUTION. — In the present study this species has been recorded for the second time since its description (Kapustin & Gusev 2015); this species restricted to Polissia so far. REMARKS This recently-described species has scales which are covered with a hexagonal reticulum and spine with a flat apex terminating in a few rows of papillae-like teeth., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KAPUSTIN D. A. & GUSEV E. S. 2015. - Synura korshikovii sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae, Synurales), a new species from Ukraine. Phytotaxa 233 (2): 185 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 233.2.6"]}

Synura conopea Kynčlová & Škaloud (Fig. 4A) DISTRIBUTION. — Probably widely distributed; so far this species is recorded from Czech Republic (Škaloud et al. 2012), Russia (Gusev et al. 2016, 2017) and Korea (Jo & Kim 2017). REMARKS In contrast to S. petersenii sensu stricto (Fig. 4G), which has a nearly cylindrical keel, S. conopea has a keel that is much more broadened apically. The struts which extend from the keel to the edge of the scale are not interconnected by transverse folds whereas in S. petersenii sensu stricto the struts are interconnected. Additionally, S. conopea differs in having somewhat smaller scale dimensions and large and closely arranged keel pores (Škaloud et al. 2012)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["SKALOUD P., KYNCLOVA A., BENADA O., KOFRONOVA O. & SKALOUDOVA M. 2012. - Toward a revision of the genus Synura, section Petersenianae (Synurophyceae, Heterokontophyta): morphological characterization of six pseudocryptic species. Phycologia 51: 303 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 11 - 20.1","GUSEV E. S., KAPUSTIN D. A. & MARTYNENKO N. A. 2016. - Morphological and molecular studies of the genus Synura Ehrenb. (Chrysophyceae) from the algae culture collection of IBIW RAS. Transactions of I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS 73 (76): 5 - 11.","GUSEV E. S., PERMINOVA E. S., STARTSEVA N. A. & OKHAPKIN A. G. 2017. - The genus Synura (Synurales, Synurophyceae) in small urban rivers of Nizhniy Novgorod. Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii 51: 57 - 70.","JO B. Y. & KIM H. S. 2017. - Newly recorded species of the genus Synura (Synurophyceae) from Korea. Journal of Ecology and Environment 41: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 41610 - 016 - 0019 - 7"]}

Mallomonas paludosa Fott (Fig. 3D) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS The scales of M. paludosa have a large dome with a prominent hole along the proximal border. The shield has parallel transverse ribs which are aligned with those on the posterior flange (Siver 1991)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0"]}

Synura petersenii f. columnata Siver (Fig. 4H) DISTRIBUTION. — United States (Siver 1988). REMARKS Differs from the other taxa of Synura petersenii -complex in that the inner portion of the rim is ornamented with row of posts (in SEM) or dots (in TEM) (Siver 1988; Škaloud et al. 2012). Škaloud et al. (2012) believe that this forma does not belong to S. petersenii sensu stricto but it is premature to raise this forma to the rank of species., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["SIVER P. A. 1988. - A new forma of the common chrysophycean alga Synura petersenii. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 107 (4): 380 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3226334","SKALOUD P., KYNCLOVA A., BENADA O., KOFRONOVA O. & SKALOUDOVA M. 2012. - Toward a revision of the genus Synura, section Petersenianae (Synurophyceae, Heterokontophyta): morphological characterization of six pseudocryptic species. Phycologia 51: 303 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 11 - 20.1"]}

Mallomonas schwemmlei Glenk emend. Glenk & Fott (Fig. 3K, L) DISTRIBUTION. — Restricted to northern temperate regions (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007; Řezáčová & Neustupa 2007). Our record of M. schwemmlei represents the eastern boundary of its distribution, based on current information. REMARKS This species has three types of scales with a fingerprint-like rib pattern which consists of semicircular ribs and straight or irregularly-curved parallel ribs (Kristiansen 2002). Earlier authors synonymized M. schwemmlei with M. coronifera Matv. (Fott & Ettl 1959) but Glenk & Fott (1971) re-evaluated earlier observations and revealed that both species are independent. Unfortunately, the scales ultrastructure of M. coronifera is still unknown and it has been considered as a dubious species (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","REZACOVA M. & NEUSTUPA J. 2007. - Distribution of the Genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - Ubiquitous Dispersal in Microorganisms Evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004","KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218","FOTT B. & ETTL H. 1959. - Fytoplankton udolni nadrze na Zelivce. Preslia 31: 213 - 246 [in Czech].","GLENK H. O. & FOTT B. 1971. - Zur Frage der Validitat der Art Mallomonas schwemmlii Glenk und ihrer Unterscheidung von Mallomonos coronifera Matvienko. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 113: 220 - 229."]}

Mallomonas calceolus D.E.Bradley (Fig. 2E, F) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007; Řezáčová & Neustupa 2007). REMARKS We found two scales which look quite different. The first one was recorded from site 9. It represents an anterior scale. The scale shield and a dome are covered with widely-spaced papillae. The one of the anterior submarginal ribs terminates in a short projection (Fig. 2E). Another scale was recorded from site 13. Its shield is covered with papillae regularly-spaced and arranged in rows and the dome is smooth. A distinct base plate pore is visible at the base of the V-rib (Fig. 2F). The similar scale was depicted by Bradley (1964, pl. 1, fig. 3). Although the number of papillae may significantly vary (Kristiansen 2002), the presence of the base plate pore was not mentioned in the protologue (Bradley 1964). Probably, the scale in Figure 2F belongs to another Mallomonas species but more scales are needed to confirm this suggestion., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 126, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","REZACOVA M. & NEUSTUPA J. 2007. - Distribution of the Genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - Ubiquitous Dispersal in Microorganisms Evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004","BRADLEY D. E. 1964. - A Study of the Mallomonas, Synura and Chrysosphaerella of Northern Iceland. Journal of General Microbiology 37: 321 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / 00221287 - 37 - 3 - 321","KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218"]}

Mallomonas pugio D.E.Bradley (Fig. 3I) DISTRIBUTION. — Restricted to northern temperate regions (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007; Řezáčová & Neustupa 2007). REMARKS The dome of the scales is marked with five to eight evenly spaced parallel ribs. The longitudinal apical rib of the shield is continuous with ribs on the dome (Siver 1991)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","REZACOVA M. & NEUSTUPA J. 2007. - Distribution of the Genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - Ubiquitous Dispersal in Microorganisms Evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0"]}

Mallomonas canina Kristiansen (Fig. 2G) DISTRIBUTION. — Bipolar (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS The scale shield of this species is divided by ribs into five meshes and covered with scattered papillae., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p."]}

Mallomonas papillosa K.Harris & D.E.Bradley emend. K.Harris (Fig. 3E, F) DISTRIBUTION. — Cosmopolitan (Kristiansen 2000). REMARKS Besides typical scales with a shield densely covered with papillae (Fig. 3E), we observed scales with nearly smooth shields (Fig. 3F). Similar nearly smooth scales were observed by Balonov (1978) from rivers in the Yaroslavl Region in Russia, Péterfi et al. (1998) from the bog-lake Baláta-tó in Hungary, and Gusev et al. (2019b) from rivers in Nizhniy Novgorod in Russia. Since we recorded the different scales from the different samples they may represent two separate taxa., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2000. - Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668648","BALONOV I. M. 1978. - Species of the genus Mallomonas Perty (Chrysophyta) in waterbodies of the Volga basin. Trudy Instituta biologii vnutrennikh vod 35 (38): 76 - 102 [in Russian].","PETERFI L. S., PADISAK J., MOMEU L. & BORICS G. 1998. - Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the bog-lake Balata-to, SW Hungary. Nordic Journal of Botany 18: 727 - 733. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1998. tb 01555. x","GUSEV E. S., PERMINOVA E. S., GUSEVA E. E. & STARTSEVA N. A. 2019 b. - The genus Mallomonas in small urban rivers in Nizhniy Novgorod (Russia). Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 148: 77 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova-suppl / 2019 / 091"]}

Mallomonas costata Dürrschmidt (Fig. 2J) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen 2000). REMARKS Typically, the scale shield has 6-12 curved transversal ribs with one to three rows of pores between them (Kristiansen &Preisig 2007). However, in our material the number of transverse ribs was 2-6 or sometimes they were weakly developed. There is a hole on the posterior border of the dome. Although this feature is clearly visible in published micrographs of M. costata (e.g. Dürrschmidt 1984; Asmund & Kristiansen 1986) it was not mentioned in the original diagnosis.It is likely that this hole is homologous with the opening of the dome in M. paludosa Fott and M. aperturae Siver (Siver 2018). Siver (2018) proposed that the opening on the dome may provide a means for securing bristles to the scales and aiding in bristle rotation. M. costata has an interesting taxonomic history. Péterfi & Momeu (1981) re-described the species which they identified as Mallomonopsis robusta Matv. using transmission electron microscopy and transferred it into the genus Mallomonas under the name Mallomonas robusta (Matv.) L.Ş.Péterfi & Momeu. Later Dürrschmidt (1984) pointed out that material of Péterfi & Momeu was not identical to Matvienko’s taxon in several key characters. Moreover, this combination is illegitimate because of a later homonym of Mallomonas robusta Matv. Thus, Dürrschmidt decided to describe a new species, M. costata (Dürrschmidt 1984)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2000. - Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668648","KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","DURRSCHMIDT M. 1984. - Studies on scale-bearing Chrysophyceae from the Giessen area, Federal Republic of Germany. Nordic Journal of Botany 4: 123 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1984. tb 01982. x","ASMUND B. & KRISTIANSEN J. 1986. - The genus Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera Botanica 85: 1 - 128.","PETERFI L. S. & MOMEU L. 1981. - Mallomonas robusta (Chrysophyceae, Synuraceae): electron microscopical study of silica armour. Plant Systematics and Evolution 139: 137 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00983928"]}

Mallomonas cf. pseudomatvienkoae B.Y.Jo, W.Shin, H.S.Kim, Siver & R.A.Andersen (Fig. 3C) DISTRIBUTION. — South Korea (Jo et al. 2013); Russia (Gusev et al. 2019b); probably a widely distributed taxon but often erroneously identified as M. matvienkoae. REMARKS The scales of this species have base-plate pores restricted to the distal part and a thick secondary layer that covers the distal one-half to two-thirds of the scale. A single scale observed by us was entirely covered by the secondary layer of silica., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["JO B. Y., SHIN W., KIM H. S., SIVER P. A. & ANDERSEN R. A. 2013. - Phylogeny of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of five new species on the basis of morphological evidence. Phycologia 52: 266 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 12 - 107.1","GUSEV E. S., PERMINOVA E. S., GUSEVA E. E. & STARTSEVA N. A. 2019 b. - The genus Mallomonas in small urban rivers in Nizhniy Novgorod (Russia). Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 148: 77 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova-suppl / 2019 / 091"]}

Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S. (2020): Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12): 121-135, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12

Mallomonas rasilis Dürrschmidt (Fig. 3J) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS The scales of this species lack an anterior submarginal rib. The scale shield, anterior flanges and dome are covered with papillae., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 130, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p."]}

Mallomonas crassisquama (Asmund) Fott (Fig. 2K) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen 2000). REMARKS This species is closely related to M. acaroides (initially it was described as M. acaroides var. crassisquama Asmund) but the shield of its scales is ornamented with a secondary layer of ribs that form a reticulum (Siver 1991). The most reliable, distinctive character between these two species is the presence of spine-bearing rear scales in M. crassisquama; such scales are not present in M.acaroides (Kristiansen 2002)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2000. - Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668648","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0","KRISTIANSEN J. 2002. - The genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae). A taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. Opera botanica 139: 1 - 218"]}

Mallomonas striata Asmund (Fig. 3M) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Řezáčová & Neustupa 2007) or cosmopolitan (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS In this species the scale shield is marked with about 12 parallel, equally spaced, transverse ribs (Siver 1991)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 132, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["REZACOVA M. & NEUSTUPA J. 2007. - Distribution of the Genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - Ubiquitous Dispersal in Microorganisms Evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004","KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0"]}

Mallomonas heterospina J.W.G.Lund (Fig. 2N) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen 2000). REMARKS We observed this species during encystment in late April at 15°C. Interestingly, Cronberg (1989) observed encystment in this species in April-May at 4.2-11°C., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 128, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. 2000. - Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. Systematics and Geography of Plants 70: 291 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668648","CRONBERG G. 1989. - Stomatocysts of Mallomonas hamata and M. heterospina (Mallomonadaceae, Synurophyceae) from South Swedish lakes. Nordic Journal of Botany 8: 683 - 692. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1989. tb 01745. x"]}

Mallomonas annulata (D.E.Bradley) K.Harris (Fig. 2C) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS A single domeless body scale was observed. The anterior flanges and shield of the scale are covered with papillae and some of them are joined so as to form a reticulate pattern., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 125, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p."]}

Mallomonas asmundiae (Wujek & van der Veer) K.H.Nicholls (Fig. 2D) DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed (Kristiansen & Preisig 2007). REMARKS Initially this taxon was described as a variety of Mallomonas cratis K.Harris & D.E.Bradley, M. cratis var. asmundiae Wujek & van der Veer, and later it was raised to the rank of species. In Mallomonas asmundiae the dome is ornamented by the parallel ribs whereas in M. cratis the ribs are U-shaped. Additionally, the scales of M. asmundiae have pronounced lateral incurvings and a more densely striated posterior flange (Siver 1991)., Published as part of Kapustin, Dmitry A., Gusev, Evgeniy S., Lilitskaya, Galina G. & Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., 2020, Silica-scaled chrysophytes from the Ukrainian Polissia, pp. 121-135 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (12) on page 125, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a12, http://zenodo.org/record/7819057, {"references":["KRISTIANSEN J. & PREISIG H. R. 2007. - Chrysophyte and haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in BUDEL B., GARTNER G., KRIENITZ L., PREISIG H. R. & SCHAGERL M. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. 1 (2). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Springer, 252 p.","SIVER P. A. 1991. - The Biology of Mallomonas: Morphology, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 228 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 3376 - 0"]}

Mallomonas teres Nemcova & Kapustin, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) HOLOTYPE SPECIMEN. — Single scales on a TEM grid deposited at the Culture Collection of Algae of Charles University, Prague, H2018/1. Fig. 1A shows a representative scale from the specimen. TYPE LOCALITY. — Sweden, Wästerbotten County, Gärdvikmyrorna peat-bog, (63.48733°N, 19.71048°E), 20 m a.s.l., sample collected by Y. Nemcova M. Skaloudova M. Pusztai and J. Neustupa, 3. VI.2012. ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the rounded distal part of the scale, from Latin “teres” (rounded, rotund). HABITAT. — Small peat-bog pool. DISTRIBUTION. — Sweden, in addition to the type locality, the species was also found in the Bärmyran peat-bog (63.51733°N, 19.71472°E); Ukraine, mire pool in block 32 of Selezivka forestry in the Polessian Nature Reserve (51.53503°N, 28.08763°E). DESCRIPTION Body scales 4.9-5.1 × 2.7-3.2 Μm, with evenly distributed pores on the basal plate, except for the dome area (Fig. 1). Posterior rim is encircling half of the perimeter of the scale. A continuous submarginal rib originates in the posterior portion of the scale and curves toward and the dome. Near the middle of the scale, a thick, rounded transversal rib connects the lateral parts of the submarginal rib. A secondary reticulum of smaller meshes with more delicate ribs may be developed under the transversal rib (Fig. 1B). There are parallel ribs radiating at right angles from the submarginal rib. The distal part of the scale is circumscribed by the thin raised structure formed by distal parts of the submarginal rib and the rounded transverse rib (pocket-like). Within this area, there is a dome and numerous (8-12) parallel curved ribs, sometimes anastomosed or interconnected by subtle lateral struts (Fig. 1A). The dome is broad and smooth, with no typical U-shaped structure. The curved ribs of the distal portion of the scale terminate near the dome (Fig. 1C). Bristle was not observed. Stomatocyst unknown. Cell shape and dimensions unknown., Published as part of Nemcova, Yvonne & Kapustin, Dmitry, 2019, Mallomonas teres, sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), simultaneously revealed in two distant European peat-bog regions, pp. 35-39 in Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (4) on page 37, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2019v40a4, http://zenodo.org/record/7818956

Nemcova, Yvonne, Kapustin, Dmitry (2019): Mallomonas teres, sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), simultaneously revealed in two distant European peat-bog regions. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (4): 35-39, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2019v40a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2019v40a4