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Background/purpose: The unprecedented developments in AI-based technologies and large language models such as ChatGPT have exhibited a brand-new territory to be explored. Since its first release in November 2022, the potential utility of ChatGPT has garnered incremental attention in the scientific world, and has already accumulated a great number of studies from diverse fields. The current study was conducted with the purpose of exploring the scientific landscape of the evolving knowledge base related to the use of ChatGPT in the field of education and health through science mapping analysis of published research. Materials/methods: Data were retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus, and a comparative, period-based science mapping analysis was conducted using the SciMAT software. Results: The results showed that the studies published during the first period mostly focused on machine learning, reproductive medicine, education and first-year undergraduate themes. During the second period, though, the studies featured themes that are closely related to the design and performance of ChatGPT such as large language models (LLMs), natural language processing (NLP) and chatbot while abandoning a focus on artificial intelligence. These results imply that discussions and investigations over ChatGPT were being departed from those in the field of artificial intelligence, and the focus was becoming more central to the features of ChatGPT as a language model that can process huge amounts of information to generate human-like texts. Plagiarism and research ethics were also emerging themes during the last period. Conclusion: The results of the science mapping showed a growing interest into the opportunities and risks of ChatGPT, particularly for fields of education and medicine, and indicated that much research is warranted to discover the potential of GPT technology as an uncharted territory.

Chyle leak is a relatively rare post-operative complication of breast and axilla surgery, and the majority of these cases can be managed conservatively. We present the case of a 42-year-old female with chyle leak within the external thoracic cavity following elective augmentation mammoplasty and mastopexy. This patient failed initial operative management consisting of implant removal, washout, suture plication, and intra-operative drain placement as well as subsequent conservative management including diet modification, total parenteral nutrition, and percutaneous aspiration. Ultimately, this patientʼs chyle leak was successfully managed with lymphangiography and thoracic duct embolization. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of successful use of lymphangiography with embolization to manage chyle leak within the superficial chest, and this intervention should be considered when contemplating management of this post-operative complication within the breast cavity.

Abstract Background There is a general consensus among dental professionals regarding the extraction of impacted third molars in the presence of clinical symptoms. However, there is less agreement on the management of asymptomatic third molars. The objective of this study is to compare the perspectives of oral surgeons and orthodontists regarding the indications for the extraction of asymptomatic third molars. It is possible that healthcare professionals from different specialties may approach the extraction of these teeth in different ways. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a web-based questionnaire has been employed to collect data by inquiring about the reasons why participants prefer the extraction of asymptomatic third molars. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate the data obtained. The level of significance was set at P

IntroductionDeveloping broader insights into the problems or challenges faced by school leaders resulting from various factors both within and out of school is a crucial attempt to provide solutions on scientific grounds and to ensure the sustainability of schools.MethodsThis study aims to contribute to both the theory and practice of sustainable school administration through conducting the meta-synthesis of prior qualitative studies on the problems and challenges faced by school leaders. Data were collected from several databases indexing educational research, and the analysis was conducted using data from 24 studies presenting the perspectives of a total of 614 participants.ResultsThe results showed that school leaders had significant problems particularly with insufficient funds and budgets, shortage of school staff, insufficient or unwilling teachers, an abundance of responsibilities with limited authority, maintenance of school buildings, and tackling excessive and fast-changing legislations. Lack of inspectors’ expertise and their being closed to novel ideas, principal assignments not based on merit, insufficient communication and collaboration among teachers, and pressures from the superiors or unions were also listed among the other serious problems and challenges.DiscussionThese findings suggest putting more effort into improving human resources, school budgets, curriculum and instruction, parental involvement, mechanisms to tackle student problematic behavior, ensuring the professional quality of teachers, school leaders, and inspectors as well as providing school leaders with the necessary support while expecting them to realize an abundance of responsibilities. The challenges caused by bureaucratic pressures, political press, and union discord should also be crucially considered by the higher authorities if school leaders are expected to contribute to the sustainable improvement of schools.

The study aimed to determine the relationship between perceptions of management styles and trainers' motivation in the public sports institutions, and to examine the effect of management styles on job motivation. The sample of the research consists of 190 trainers, 18 of whom are women and 172 of whom are men working in the public sports institutions. In the study, descriptive scanning method was used, and the data obtained were analyzed by making statistical procedures such as frequency, correlation, regression analysis. It was found that democratic management style and paternalist management style had a positive effect on trainers' job motivation. However, the liberal management style and authoritarian management style were found to have a negative effect on trainers' job motivation.

Background/purpose: The present study examined adolescent students' cyberbullying behavior and being a victim of cyberbullying specifically exploring potential differences by gender and grade level. Materials/methods: Based on a cross-sectional survey on 311 adolescent students continuing their high school education in secondary education institutions in Turkey, the study reported their findings as with differences between gender and grade level in cyberbullying and cyber victimization. The research data was obtained by using the Likert-type "Cyberbully/Cyber-victim Scale." Together with statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's b test were applied the analysis of the collected data. Results: The study's results suggest a significant difference in the level of students displaying cyberbullying behaviors and being exposed to them within virtual platforms with regards to the gender variable. Male students display cyberbullying behaviors and are also exposed to them in virtual platforms more than female students. In addition, the study's results reveal that female students tend to rumor (gossip) more than male students on virtual platforms. There was also a significant difference in the level of participants performing and being exposed to cyberbullying behaviors on virtual platforms with regards to the grade level variable. According to the analyzed data, students from higher grade levels both perform cyberbullying behaviors more and are more frequently exposed to cyberbullying than students from lower grade levels. In other words, in higher grade levels, students' performance of, and exposure levels to, cyberbullying was found to increase. Conclusion: This study's findings emphasize the importance of developing prevention and intervention strategies must be developed in order to fight cyberbullying in schools when investigating the level of high school adolescents' bullying of their peers, and the level of those exposed to cyberbullying.

In languages such as German, French, or Hindi, plural forms of job occupations and societal roles are often in a generic-masculine form instead of a gender-inclusive form. Although meant as ‘generic,’ this generic-masculine form excludes women from everyday language. Specifically, listeners and readers are less likely to think of women when this form is used. Due to the societal relevance of gender-inclusive language, we directly replicated and extended a classic study by Stahlberg, Sczesny, and Braun (2001, Experiment 2) in a multi-lab setting and as a registered confirmatory report. We prompted participants from German-speaking countries to name up to three celebrities each in six categories (e.g., ‘Name three politicians’ or ‘(…) singers’). We then counted how often participants mentioned women. Participants were either prompted with the generic-masculine form, a neutralized control form or one out of three gender-inclusive forms. Our data from twelve labs and N = 2,697 participants replicated the original effect: when prompted with gender-inclusive forms participants mentioned more women than when the generic masculine and the control form were used. Moreover, the effect remained present in multilevel models and when controlling for participants’ sex and their perceived base rate in these celebrity categories (i.e., the expected proportion of women). Other variables, such as political orientation or preference for gender-inclusive language, did not show large effects, either. We discuss the differences between specific gender-inclusive forms (e.g., the internal-I vs. feminine-masculine forms), implications for regulations and guidelines, as well as implications for non-binary and gender-diverse people.

The aim of this study is to investigate the perceived role of supervisor support in predicting the work engagement levels of instructors working in sports venues. Sample of this study consists of a total of 254 instructors, 88 males and 166 females, age ranged 22 to 63, and working in various sports venues. Personal information form, perceived supervisor support and work engagement scale applied to the individuals in the sample group. This study was designed based on the screening model. To compare variables in the data obtained from the questionnaires applied on trainers, percentage, frequency, correlation, regression, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. In accordance with the analysis result, supervisor support was found to be an effective factor on work engagement. The results of the research revealed that the perceived supervisor support decreased as the trainers' level of education increased. However, it has been found that female trainers benefit from supervisor support in the workplace more than men and focus more on their jobs.

It is not enough to be in college; the sports industry requires students undertaking different courses to gain career experience between spring break, parties, visiting and classes. Today, formal education in schools is expected to progress with practical education outside of school. This has led scholars to study different ways through which sports professionals can acquire more experience and become more effective in their work. An internship is identified as a potential way through which the professionals can gain career experience. This study reviews articles searched electronically from ProQuest, Google Scholar and the hardcopy documents from different sports journals so as to shed light on the impact of internship experience on the future career life of sports professionals. The results show that internship practice and out-of-school experiences increase the knowledge and skills of sports students. In addition, students whose knowledge and experience have increased started to be preferred by employers in their fields.

Social gender is the difference that gender creates in a society, it is related to how one thinks of him or herself, how him or her interacts with others, social opportunities, professions, family roles, and the roles allowed for men and women. There is pluralist participation and a sense of justice in the philosophy of sports. In this context, all stakeholders (athletes, coaches, assistants, etc.) involved in sports activities are expected to evaluate and interpret sports activities in this context. The research was carried out using quantitative research method. A total of 318 students from the School of Physical Education and Sports (fourth grade) of Kastamonu University participated in the study. Perception Gender Scale consisting of 1 dimensions and 25 items, created by Altinova and Duyan (2013) was used as measurement tool. High average score of the scale indicates the positive perception of society gender roles. The data were found to be normally distributed and parametric test methods were used. According to results of the research conducted, the perceptions of gender of sports science students are at a medium level. In addition, gender perceptions of female sports science students were differentiated from male sports science students. The perceptions of gender did not differ among sports science students within the scope of the departments they received education. In addition, a low level of negative correlation was found between the ages of sports science students and their gender perceptions.

All of the behaviors that people exhibit in order to stay healthy both physically and psychologically and maintain their health during their lifetime are included in the definition of "healthy life behavior". In this study, it was aimed to identify and compare the perceptions of healthy life behavior of students of the Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences and Psychology Department Students who study at the University of Health Sciences. A total of 199 students, 97 students from the sports science department (age: 19.84 ± 1.801, weight: 65.30 ± 12.460), and 102 students from the psychology department (age: 20.12 ± 1.916 weight: 60.17 ± 9.881) participated in the study. There was a statistically significant difference between the scale total scores of the participants and the dimensions of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and the measurements of the students of sports science students and students of psychology sciences in terms of an increase in sport sciences students (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the participants' interpersonal communication and spiritual development scores, which are the sub-dimensions of the scale (p > 0.05). University education is an education period in which students can decide independently. These results showed that sports students and psychology sciences students' different undergraduate education also affected their healthy lifestyle behaviors. In this context, it is concluded that directing students of other departments of the university to exercise and sports activities will contribute to their perceptions of healthy lifestyle.

This study examined the role of self-confidence and cognitive flexibility in psychological well-being. The study looked into whether cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship between self-confidence and psychological well-being. The study involved the participation of 284 university students (192 female and 92 male) enrolled in the Faculty of Education at a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. Data was collected via the Self-Confidence Scale, Flourishing Scale and Cognitive Flexibility Scale. The results of our multiple regression analysis revealed that self-confidence and cognitive flexibility statistically predict psychological well-being. Self-confidence and cognitive flexibility were found to explain 38% of the variance in psychological well-being. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility served as a mediator in the relationship between self-confidence and psychological well-being.

Panniculus morbidus is a complication of morbid obesity characterized by massive abdominal folds that hang below the beltline. Ulceration, dermatitis, and sinus tract formation of the pannus can cause significant morbidity to the patient and impair activities of daily living. If patients fail medical management, the next step is surgical excision. Challenging aspects of the procedure include adequate suspension of the pannus, cost, and prevention of intra-abdominal injuries. We present a case of a 70-year-old female with panniculus morbidus with endometrial carcinoma. We successfully performed a panniculectomy using a novel combination of towel hooks and the Hoyer lift to suspend the abdomen. In the same anesthesia event, she underwent robotic-assisted hysterectomy. No intra-operative or post-operative complications were encountered, and the patient was satisfied with her results. In this case, we demonstrated an effective and cost-efficient approach to panniculectomy in the severely obese patient.

Abstract Deep sternal infections, also known as poststernotomy mediastinitis, are a rare but often fatal complication in cardiac surgery. They are a cause of increased morbidity and mortality and have a significant socioeconomic aspect concerning the health system. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) followed by muscular pectoralis plasty is a quite new technique for the treatment of mediastinitis after sternotomy. Although it could be demonstrated that this technique is at least as safe and reliable as other techniques for the therapy of deep sternal infections, complications are not absent. We report about our experiences and complications using this therapy in a set of 54 patients out of 3668 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our institution between January 2005 and April 2007.

In introductory programming courses (IPCs), students encounter various difficulties that are related to low achievement and high dropout and failure rates. Technology-rich approaches that promote self-directed learning while facilitating competency development and knowledge construction through social collaboration may offer advantages in this context. The current study assesses such an instructional approach by (1) identifying antecedents and process variables related to course achievement in an online flipped classroom IPC and (2) testing for gender differences regarding antecedents, process variables, and course achievement. In the winter semester of 2020/21, a sample of 144 Austrian university students participated in a survey with measurements at different points in time. Multiple linear regression was carried out to explore factors related to course achievement. The results indicate that gender, achievement-avoidance goals, academic self-concept, engagement in asynchronous learning, and course satisfaction were positively related to achievement. In contrast, work avoidance was identified as a barrier to achievement. Additionally, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test gender differences. MANOVA revealed significant gender differences regarding learning goals, mathematical self-concept, work avoidance, and engagement in synchronous learning. There were no gender differences regarding course satisfaction or achievement. The study has implications for designing innovative programming courses that could foster course satisfaction and achievement and thus reduce dropout and failure rates.

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) with a normative Turkish sample. Participants of the study were 330 university students (232 females and 98 males) along with the age mean of 20.22 (SD=1.32). In order to validate the six factor structure of Mindful Self-care Scale, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. For providing evidence over convergent validity, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescent version (Brown, West, Loverich and Biegel, 2011) was concurrently used. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis displayed satisfactory evidence for the six factor Mindful SelfCare Scale (X[superscript 2]/df = 1.7; GFI = 0.87, CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.05). The scale was also found to be significantly correlated to Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescent (r=0.27, p<0.001). Also, the Cronbach Alpha value for the whole scale was found 0.89 yielding satisfactory evidence for the internal consistency of the instrument. The results of the study tentatively yielded that the Mindful Self-Care Scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool of self-care in Turkish culture. As well, further studies examining the psychometric properties of Mindful Self-Care Scale are still needed with larger and diverse samples.

Summary: Understanding energy metabolism in free-ranging animals is crucial for ecological studies. In birds, red blood cells (RBCs) offer a minimally invasive method to estimate metabolic rate (MR). In this study with European starlings Sturnus vulgaris, we examined how RBC oxygen consumption relates to oxygen use in key tissues (brain, liver, heart, and pectoral muscle) and versus the whole organism measured at basal levels. The pectoral muscle accounted for 34%–42% of organismal MR, while the heart and liver, despite their high mass-specific metabolic rate, each contributed 2.5%–3.0% to organismal MR. Despite its low contribution to organismal MR (0.03%–0.04%), RBC MR best predicted organismal MR (r = 0.70). Oxygen consumption of the brain and pectoralis was also associated with whole-organism MR, unlike that of heart and liver. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the metabolism of a systemic tissue like blood is a superior proxy for organismal energy metabolism than that of other tissues.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the most formidable global crises, leading to the disruptions to education systems worldwide and impacting learning attitudes and psychological well-being of various learner groups, including university students. In this context, students’ appraisals of adverse learning situations play a key role. It is not just the learning situation, but rather students’ appraisal of it which impacts their emotions, attitudes, and behaviors in academic context. The aim of the present study was to investigate how university students’ challenge and threat appraisals were related to emotional learning experiences and learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study focuses on the role of personal and external resources for learning in this context.MethodsAltogether, 428 students, who attended a Psychology lecture at one Austrian university, filled in a questionnaire about their challenge and threat appraisals of learning circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, achievement emotions they experienced during this time as well as gender, proneness to anxiety, academic self-concept, and learning resources. Additionally, students’ performance in the examination was recorded.ResultsThe structural equation model emphasizes a crucial role of challenge and threat appraisals for students’ achievement emotions in learning and exam preparation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenge appraisals were the strongest predictor for pleasant emotions and threat appraisals were strongest predictor for unpleasant emotions. Proneness to anxiety was related to threat appraisal as well as to experience of more unpleasant and, surprisingly, to positive emotions in adverse learning situation. Academic self-concept and learning resources were identified as important resources for learning in adverse learning situation. Unpleasant achievement emotions were directly and negatively related to academic performance and may thus be seen as a critical variable and crucial obstacle to academic performance.DiscussionThe present study provides implications for learning and instructions which could be implemented by universities in order to support learning and learning attitudes among university students in adverse learning situations.

Animations of molecular structure and dynamics are repeatedly applied to support student comprehension in the theoretical ideas of chemistry. However, students' understanding the dynamics of the phenomena is directly related to the understanding of teachers as instructors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the features of three different molecular level animations are viewed and understood by the teachers who had more than 2-years experience. Participants (n=10) are in-service science teachers, mostly high school, grouped into three groups with four participants in the first group and three people in the other two. Each group viewed short different animations and one common animation demonstrating the salt dissolution process. Teachers were asked to take pre- and post-tests to measure the influence of the animations in their understandings of the content in addition to a group discussion and an interview. The study suggests that the animations improved the content knowledge of the teachers slightly.

Treatment of full skin thickness loss due to surgical debridement for difficult wound beds like necrotizing fasciitis and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is commonly treated using wide local excision and split-thickness-skin grafting or muscle flaps. Unfortunately, this strategy often leaves large soft tissue defects and can be complicated by infection and poor graft take, resulting in additional surgeries. Novel approaches using acellular dermal substitutes along with skin grafting are treatment options with favorable cosmetic outcomes and improve functionality by reducing contractures. However, patient non-compliance and various complications such as complex wound care, infection, product fragility and financial implications have contributed to a lack of widespread adaptation. NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM™) has been demonstrated to function as a dermal scaffold that has robust handling characteristics and requires minimal wound care. This case report describes the treatment course of a high-risk patient with poor nutrition and a history of a 20 pack-year tobacco smoking, methamphetamine use, phencyclidine use, and marijuana use with recurrent and widespread axillary, inguinal, and gluteal HS. This patient was treated using NovoSorb BTM™ as the primary dermal substitute without subsequent grafting to cover a 400 cm2 left gluteal excision due to patient non-compliance. The covered area subsequently spontaneously epithelized after six months of local home health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show promise for future use of NovoSorb BTM™ to serve as a single stage surgery option to complete wound healing in high-risk patients.

Adsorption has traditionally been evaluated as an economical and easily applicable process for treating certain wastewaters, such as ones including dyes and heavy metals. Even though adsorbent materials specifically produced for the purpose of wastewater treatment commercially exist, the production cost may create an economic burden on wastewater treatment processes. Agricultural wastes can be valorized as adsorbents in adsorption processes. The adsorption capacity of these wastes can be improved via pre-treatment methods such as chemical application and microwave irradiation. This study investigated the potential applicability of hazelnut husk as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye. To this purpose, the husk was activated by sequential chemical or water and microwave applications. Structural analysis on the produced adsorbent was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Harkins-Jura isotherms) and kinetic (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models) behaviours of adsorption were also evaluated. The results indicated that MB could be removed by 92-94% considering all adsorbents produced. Further isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that MB adsorption was both physically and chemically induced, and the reaction followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.99).