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Copyright of Bulletin of Accounting & Finance Reviews / Muhasebe ve Finans İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Muhasebe & Finans Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vegetables are an important component of healthy diet has the most major significance both by the most crucial agricultural product and %23.03 percentage in food and nonalcoholic beverages main expense group of our country's inflation basket. In this study, cost formation of fresh vegetable product life cycle chain has been analyzed step by step by field research from producers to last consumer and evaluated with other countries' implementations and their literature review. It has been studied for a beneficial system for end users producers including vegetable producers, governmental institutions, and enterprises and including other related shareholders by evaluating vegetable life cycle to understand crucial, efficient factors and intend for improve income of producers. There are suggestions intended for empowering position of producer organizations and associations over other regular members to strengthen the role of farmer in food chain. Periodic excess in raw vegetable prices, performing food inflation problem and sustainable solution suggestions have been unfolded. It is obvious that if raw vegetable product supply chain removed from this complication, there could be much decrease in product life cycle cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Journal of Uludag University Medical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Survival data for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous. We aimed to analyze the survival and cost of treatment in cirrhotic patients with HCC. Materials and methods: From May 1998 to March 2015, 157 patients with HCC diagnosed and treated in a single center were assessed retrospectively. Etiology, biopsy findings, Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) scores, Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages, treatment response, cost, and prognostic factors were recorded. Deaths due to complications of cirrhosis or other diseases were excluded. Results: 157 patients (82.8% male) with a mean age of 62.2±11.4 years at diagnosis were included. Etiology was HBV (56%), HCV (26.1%), cryptogenic (11.5%), and others (6.4%). Median lesion diameter was 4 (0.5-28) cm. 1, 2, and =3 lesions were present in 46.5%, 19.1%, and 34.2% of patients, respectively. Treatments were as follows: palliative (n: 53), transarterial chemoembolization-TACE (n: 53), radiofrequency ablation-RF (n: 14), radioembolization (n: 3), alcohol (n: 5), and chemotherapy (n: 14). Resection (n: 9) and transplantation (n: 6) were amenable in few patients. Before treatment, 114 (72.6%) patients were in the CPT A/B group, but 93 (59.3%) of all patients were initially staged as BCLC-C/D. Overall survival was 11.6±0.9 months, with 32% probability of surviving one year. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that pre-treatment CPT score, BCLC stage, TACE, and resection significantly affect survival. Cox regression defined BCLC stage (stage B: HR=9.58, 95% CI=1.03-88.98, p=0.047; stage C: HR=13.41, 95% CI=1.37-130.85, p=0.026, stage D: HR=24.72, 95% CI=2.33-262.46, p=0.008) and TACE (HR=2.36, 95% CI=1.18-4.71, p=0.015) as independent predictors of survival. Conclusion: Treatment modalities were not significantly different in terms of cost (p=0, 656). Hepatocellular carcinoma was usually diagnosed late, and treatment modalities were similar in cost. Barcelona clinical liver cancer stage and TACE were predictive of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to provide minimum operating cost by using the energy storage system at the feeder scale of the electricity distribution network with renewable and distributed energy sources. The operating optimization of the network is handled with the two-stage stochastic programming problem developed in the study. The problem was formulated with Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), a linear model, through the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and solved with the CPLEX solver. In order to deal with the uncertainties in the modeling, scenario generation and reduction were carried out through Monte Carlo Simulation. Simulation studies carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model were applied on IEEE-33 test busbars. Operating costs were calculated under possible grid conditions and compared among themselves according to the use of energy storage. According to the results, in cases where the energy storage system is integrated into the grid, a decrease of more than 200 dollars was observed in the operating cost in only one day's average time period compared to the cases where the storage system is not available at all. Thus, the optimum programming of energy storage with the proposed system; It has been proven to be an effective method in reducing operating costs and thus providing economic optimization, which is one of the most critical issues of power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The benefit of medical interventions applied in terminal patients who have no hope of recovery and whose death is thought to be approaching is still a controversial issue. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the terminal stage patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: The general characteristics and laboratory results of 61 end-stage patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit of university hospital between December 2016 and may 2017 were examined. Life expectancy, mortality rates, factors affecting mortality, and costs per patient were evaluated according to the palliative prognostic index (PPI) and palliative care admission score (PCAS) of the patients. Results: Exitus patients had an average of 13.83 days of intensive care stay and patients who survived had a mean 30.69 days (p<0.05). The PCAS was not statistically significant between ex and alive patients. Exitus patients had a PPI of 6.48, whereas survivors had a PPI of 3.73, (p<0.05). Exitus patients had a mean palliative life expectancy of 3.78 days, whereas the palliative life expectancy of surviving patients was 71.42 days (p<0.05). The most common primary disease for intensive care admission is malignancy, with 33 patients. The average cost of treatment for exitus patients was $3654,50, while the cost of treatment for surviving patients was $7053,38 (p<0.05). Conclusion: End-stage patients should be admitted to the palliative care unit or hospice using prognostic scoring systems. The bed capacity in intensive care units should be used for patients who have a chance to be treated. It is thought that unnecessary health expenditures can be avoided by hospitalizing terminal patients in palliative care units and hospices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: In pediatric forearm fractures, the choice of surgical technique and fixation method can be challenging. Surgically treated pediatric patients younger than 14 years with Titanium Elastic Nails (TEN) or Plate Screw Fixation(PSF) were compared clinically, in cost, and in terms of postoperative outcomes. Method: In the retrospective case-control study, pediatric forearm fractures operated on at a level I trauma center between 2017 and 2022 were examined. Surgically treated forearm fractures in pediatric patients under 14 years of age were included in this study group. Results: A mean age of 10.83 +- 3.28 years was found among the 109 patients. The PSF group (12.87+-2.76 years) was 3.17 (95% CI 2.02 - 4.33) years older than the TEN group (9.7+-3 years) (p

Background: All over the world, how health services can be provided in better quality and more economical way has been continuously investigated. In this regard, the implementation of rapid recovery procedures called ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) is becoming more widespread recently. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the ERAS protocol on reducing health expenditures. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery in a public hospital between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed following the approval of the Ethics Committee. The patients were divided into two groups as those who were applied ERAS protocol and treated with traditional methods. Patient billing information was requested from hospital management for analysis of treatment costs. Results: It was observed that invoices of all patients were arranged according to the common price tariff (Healthcare Implementation Communique (HIC)) which public institutions are subject to. There was no difference between the ERAS group and the control group in terms of demographic characteristics, smoking and alcohol use history, body mass index (BMI) and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score. All costs examined were statistically lower in the ERAS group (p < 0.001). Duration of hospitalization, time to return to daily activities, readmission rates within 30 days after discharge, rate of complication and mortality were similar in both groups. In the postoperative period, the rate of admission to the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) was considerably higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of the ERAS protocol provided both clinically positive effects and significant cost savings. A large percentage of the cost savings was achieved by a decrease in the rate of ICU stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çeliğin galvanizlenmesi, çelik yüzeyini korozyondan korumak için uzun yıllardır uygulanan önemli bir endüstriyel işlemdir. Çinko-nikel alaşım kaplama, diğer çinko alaşım kaplama teknolojilerine kıyasla daha iyi mekanik özelliklere, daha yüksek korozyon direncine sahip olduğundan birçok endüstride yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Ağır metal kaplama endüstrisi proseslerinde kullanılan çeşitli kimyasallar ve hammaddeler sonucunda bu endüstriden kaynaklanan atıksular ciddi bir çevre sorunu yaratmaktadır. Bu sebeple ağır metal kaplama endüstrisinden kaynaklanan atıksularda çevre üzerinde toksik etkiye sahip olduğu bilinen kirleticiler deşarj limitleriyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Atıksularda ağır metallerin kontrolüne yönelik artan talep, daha etkili ve daha ekonomik arıtma yöntemlerinin araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Nilüfer Organize Sanayi Bölgesi içerisinde faaliyet gösteren tesise ait, çinko-nikel kaplama atıksularının Diplexin Zn-07 koagülantı ile arıtılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda atıksuyun pH’ı %48’lik NaOH ile 8,51 değerine getirildiğinde, 0,14 mL Diplexin Zn-07 koagülantının dozlanmasıyla %98,65 çinko giderme verimi, %99,33 nikel giderme verimi elde edilmiştir. 1 m3 atıksuyun arıtılması için kullanılan kimyasalların maliyeti 1,83 Euro olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Bu araştırmada, Adıyaman ve Gaziantep illerinde organik tarım yapan üreticilerin tarım sigortasına yaklaşımları anket yoluyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Gaziantep ilinde 84, Adıyaman ilinde ise 79 adet organik tarım üreticisi ile yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ortalamalar ve Khi-kare yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tarım sigortası yaptırıp yaptırmama durumunu etkileyen değişkenler lojistik regresyon analizi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Her iki ilde en çok sigorta yaptırılan organik ürün antepfıstığı olup, bunu zeytin, üzüm, ceviz, badem ve nar takip etmiştir. En çok sigorta yaptıran yaş grubunun 46 yaş üzeri ve ilköğretim mezun grupları olduğu görülmüştür. Adıyaman ilindeki organik tarım yapan çiftçilerin, tarım sigortası yaptırma durumunun Gaziantep ilindeki çiftçilere oranla 0,501 kat olduğu saptanmıştır. Üreticilerin tarım sigortası yaptırma nedeni olarak, ürünlerinin çok zarar görmesi, geleceğe daha güvenle bakabilmek, sürekli afet riskinin olması ve sigortaya devletin destek vermesini sebep olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Tarım sigortası yaptırmayan üreticiler gerekçe olarak, sigorta maliyetinin yüksek olması, hasar ödemelerinin zamanında yapılacağına inanmamaları ve doğal afetlerden hiç zarar görmemiş olmalarını bildirmişlerdir.

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutrient content, nutritional quality and cost of gluten-free products and their gluten-containing equivalents sold in Turkey. A total of 176 products from 29 food groups were included in the study. Products were analyzed in terms of their energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugar, protein, salt, fiber and sodium contents, Nutri-Score values and prices. Gluten-free bread, pasta, vermicelli, salty crisps and biscuits contained lower protein than their gluten-containing equivalents (p<0.05). Sugar and fiber contents of gluten-free pasta and vermicelli were lower than their equivalents while the energy content of gluten-free oatmeal was higher than their equivalents (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in total fat, saturated fat and sugar contents between gluten-free products and their equivalents (p>0.05). Nutritional quality was higher in gluten-free products than gluten-containing equivalents according to the Nutri-Score evaluation (p<0.001). The cost of gluten-free products was higher than their equivalents in bread, pasta, vermicelli, grissini/breadstick, wafer and biscuit groups (p<0.05). Increasing the variety of gluten-free products, improving their nutritional quality and reducing the cost of these products might improve the life quality and health of individuals on a gluten-free diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sosyal Güvence Dergisi is the property of Sosyal Guvenlik Uzmanlari Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hastane işletmeleri sağlık sektörü içerisinde hem tıbbi hem de idari faaliyetlerin yapıldığı çok çeşitli sağlık hizmeti sunan sağlık kuruluşlarıdır. Sağlık hizmet çeşitliliğinin çok fazla olması maliyet hesaplamalarını oldukça güçleştirmektir. Buna rağmen, hastane yönetimlerinin sağlık hizmet sürecinde ortaya çıkan sağlık harcamalarını düşürmek için doğru ve güvenilir maliyet hesaplama yöntemine ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, maliyet hesaplamalarının yanında verimlilik analizleri kapsamında kaynakların etkin kullanılıp kullanılmadığının da tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, sürece dayalı faaliyet tabanlı maliyet (SDFTM) yöntemi hastane işletmelerinde doğru ve güvenilir maliyet hesaplama yöntemi olmasının yanında sağlık hizmet faaliyetlerindeki atıl kapasiteyi belirlemesi ile hastane yönetimlerine katkı sunabilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, SDFTM yönteminin hastanelerde uygulanabilirliğini göstermek ve sağlık hizmet sürecindeki atıl kapasiteyi tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda, bir kamu hastanesinin ameliyathane bölümünde SDFTM yöntemi uygulanmış ve süreçlerdeki atıl kapasiteler hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu yöntem basit, pratik ve kolay anlaşılır özellikleri sayesinde hastanelerde uygulanabilirliği ile doğru ve güvenilir bir maliyet hesaplama yöntemidir. Bu yöntem sayesinde hastane yönetimleri için oldukça zor olan maliyet hesaplamaları yalınlaştırılarak kolaylıkla yapılabilecektir.

Background/Aims: In pediatric forearm fractures, the choice of surgical technique and fixation method can be challenging. Surgically treated pediatric patients younger than 14 years with Titanium Elastic Nails (TEN) or Plate Screw Fixation (PSF) were compared clinically, in cost, and in terms of postoperative outcomes. Method: In the retrospective case-control study, pediatric forearm fractures operated on at a level I trauma center between 2017 and 2022 were examined. Surgically treated forearm fractures in pediatric patients under 14 years of age were included in this study group. Results: The mean age of 109 patients was 10.83+- 3.28 years. The PSF group (12.87+-2.76 years) was 3.17 (95% CI 2.02 - 4.33) years older than the TEN group (9.7+-3 years) (p<0.001; student's t-test). The median implant cost in the TEN group (85 [IQR 64 - 120] dollars) was significantly lower than in the PSF group (258 [IQR 205 - 336] dollars) (p<0.001; Mann-Whitney-U). The day callus tissue observed on the X-ray differed significantly between the groups (p<0.001; chi-square test). Conclusion: In younger children, surgeons preferred TEN due to the likelihood of remodeling associated with growth, the possibility of forming a callus sooner, and the lower cost compared to PSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Due to wars and disasters, people migrate forcibly due to their need for safe housing and health care. In our study, we aimed to the demographic and clinical typical of immigrants with end-stage renal disease and to make a cost analysis. Materials and Methods: Our study is single-center and retrospective. Migrant patients who have end-stage renal disease who met the study criteria were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical data, laboratory data and treatment cost data of the cases were added to the previously created form. Results: Our study was conducted with 696 patients. 64.2% of the cases were female and the median age was 67 years. 65.5% of the cases were of Syrian nationality. Hemodialysis was applied to all of the cases, of which 47% were urgently. 55.2% of these cases were hospitalized and mortality was observed in 13.2% of all cases. Age was statistically higher in cases with mortality. Urea and creatinine in patients with mortality were significantly higher; pH, HCO3 and GFR were statistically lower. Mortality was statistically higher in cases requiring urgent hemodialysis and hospitalized in the ICU. The cost of health was statistically higher in surviving cases. Again, in patients who were hospitalized, both the time allocated for care and the cost of health were statistically higher than in outpatients. Conclusion: Establishing routine dialysis programs by identifying immigrant cases with end-stage renal disease will both reduce mortality and morbidity for patients, reduce health costs in countries, and reduce emergency department densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Animal Science & Economics is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Galvanizing of steel is an important industrial process that has been used for many years to protect the steel surface from corrosion. Zinc-nickel alloy plating is widely preferred in many industries because it has better mechanical properties and higher corrosion resistance compared to other zinc alloy plating technologies. Various chemicals and raw materials used in heavy metal coating industry processes and wastewater from this industry create a serious environmental problem. For this reason, pollutants known to have toxic effects on the environment are limited to the discharge limits for wastewater originating from the heavy metal coating industry. Control of heavy metals in wastewater has become important and has led to the research for more efficient and economical treatment methods. In this study, the treatability of zinc-nickel coated wastewater of the facility operating in Bursa Nilüfer Organized Industrial Zone with Diplexin Zn-07 coagulant was investigated. As a result of the studies, the pH of the wastewater was brought to a value of 8.51 with %48 NaOH. 0.14 mL of Diplexin Zn-07 coagulant was dosed. Thus, 98.65% zinc removal efficiency and 99.33% nickel removal efficiency were obtained. The cost of chemicals used to treat 1 m3 of wastewater is calculated as 1.83 Euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to determine the productivity and profitability of laying hen farms in Kayseri province using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The data from 16 laying hen farms operating in Kayseri province formed the study material. The data of the production period (1.5-2 years) of the farms were obtained with a face-to-face survey (general, structural, technical, and economic information) and recording cards of the poultry farms. Input-oriented Slack Based Model was used in the DEA applied to determine the technical and economic efficiency of the farms. According to the results of the study, 75% of the farm owners have over high school education, 94% of the producers' that they are the owners of the farm, 87% of the farms do not produce and buy laying hen feed for egg production, the majority of the farms (81%) are used that coal heating system and 81% enriched cage hen system is preferred as the cultivation system. According to the DEA results for technical efficiency, there are 6 farms that are efficient; the other 10 farms were not found efficient. In terms of economic efficiency, 8 farms (50%) were found to be efficient. In conclusion, in terms of efficiency, it is concluded that the economically inefficient farms need to reduce the maintenance-repair, health -labor and other costs in order to be efficient, while the technically inefficient farms only need to reduce the labor costs (employee) in order to be technically efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this survey, branch of broiler in agricultural enterprises in Erzurum province's Aşkale and Ilıca districts were sampled and the economical situations were determined. This study was conducted on three groups of capacity which consisted production branches of broiler of 36 agricultural enterprises in Aşkale and Ilıca districts of Erzurum. Production status of broiler production branches, gross production value, production costs, net incomes, gross margin, unit body weight costs, marketing situation were determined and evaluated. The unit live weight costs for the groups is 0.222; 0.184; and 0.158 $ respectively. It is observed that the average cost of the capacity groups of unit live weight is 0.188 $. In this frame, presence problems of production of broiler growers in agricultural enterprises in Erzurum province's Aşkale and Ilıca districts were found out exactly and some suggestions to solve the problems were given. In conslusion of this survey, if the problems are solved and exportation is provided, the broiler production in the region will develop and become widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution problems caused by industrial wastewater are quite common today. In this study, characterization studies were carried out to shed light on the technoeconomic treatment of resin wastewater, which is currently expensive to dispose of as hazardous waste. The measurement results with the classical parameters, which are the basis for the characterization of industrial wastewater, showed that the wastewater contains a high degree of organic pollution (COD=19875 mg/L, TOC=6143 mg/L, BOD5=5879 mg/L) originating from the production processes. The general toxicity tests carried out show that Daphnia sp. with considering the organisms, the wastewater by volume LC50=1,25% with 24 hour in fresh water, IC50=16.1% with 24 hour, and IC50=15,0% with 48 hour, respectively, when anaerobic and aerobic mixed cultures are taken into account, toxic and inhibitory levels were determined. It has been concluded that this wastewater, which is currently disposed of at a very high cost by incineration, can be biologically treated at certain levels, and that it can be treated with more advanced technologies to meet the receiving environment discharge standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research / Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Healthcare-associated infections, threaten patient safety, cause prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, mortality and increased costs. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent healthcare-associated infections and the effect of these interventions on cost. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study was completed between 1 January and 30 June 2018, and 1 October 2018 and 31 March 2019, in an intensive care unit, with a total of 54 patients, 27 pre-training and 27 post-training. Results: In the study, infection rates were 20.34 in January to March 2018, 25.7 in April to June 2018, 20.97 in October to December 2018 and 17.77 in January to March 2019. When the infection rates of the four different periods were compared, it was found that there was a decrease compared to the pre-training period but that this decrease was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The average cost before the training was 11361.35... and the average cost after the training was 9149.87.... Average bed costs, which are the most important of all costs, decreased by 25.7% compared to pre-training at the 95% confidence interval (5241.86...-13251.50... and 3489.03...-10257.41..., respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study determined that training provided a significant increase in the intensive care nurses' scores related to healthcare-associated infections and there were decreases in healthcare-associated infection rates, lengths of hospital stay and cost after the training although these were not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in order to compare the socio-economic aspects of wheat enterprises that had and did not have soil analysis and to determine the effects of soil analysis on input use, product cost and income in wheat production. Three of the laboratories with the highest number of soil analysis were included in the sample, and a total of 100, including 20 producers who applied to the laboratories and benefited from soil analysis subsidies in 2015, 60 people in total, and 40 producers with similar characteristics who did not benefit from soil analysis subsidies were interviewed. Input usage amounts and total production costs for the wheat production activity were calculated separately for the producer groups who had and did not have the analysis. Operating expenses were determined by budget analysis method, production costs were determined by the alternative cost element method, and the nearest neighbour matching method, one of the impact analysis methods, was used. As a result of the evaluations, it was determined that the wheat producers who had soil analysis had an increase of 7.06% in yield, 16.18% in gross profit and 24.70% in net profit, compared to the producers who did not have soil analysis. It has been seen that if the producers have soil analysis, the cost of wheat will be lower and it will have an income-generating effect on the enterprise. According to the results, it is recommended that all producers should be obliged to have soil analysis, the subsidies should be subjected to soil analysis and necessary opportunities should be created for soil analysis to be done free of charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Günümüzde gelişmişlik düzeyinin artışıyla beraber enerji arzında meydana gelen değişim, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını gündeme getirmiştir. Hem güvenli hem de tükenmez olan bu kaynaklar, konutların enerji ihtiyacını karşılama noktasında da birçok avantaja sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa’da şehrin yerel iklim koşullarına uygun olarak tasarlanmış yeşil bir villanın yenilenebilir enerji kurulum maliyeti ile amortisman süresi hesaplanmış ve klasik villa olma durumunda oluşacak maliyetlerle kıyaslaması yapılmıştır. Yeşil villa ile klasik villanın enerji sarfiyatları incelendiğinde, yeşil villada 2047,24 €/yıl tasarruf sağlandığı; yeşil villanın yenilenebilir enerji yatırım maliyetinin 11 yıl 3 ay gibi bir sürede kendini amorti edebileceği belirlenmiştir.

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to negatively affect Turkey, as it does many other areas all over the world. One effect of COVID 19 has been the significant expenditure increases in health services in post-pandemic countries. Our aim for this study was the following: determining the frequency of outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care treatment in COVID-19 cases, the factors affecting the rates of inpatient and, intensive care treatments, and examining the changes in healthcare costs according to patient characteristics. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional record review. The universe of this study is composed of outpatients and inpatients that have been treated after being diagnosed with COVID 19 as from March 11, the date the pandemic was first seen in Turkey, to November 30, 2020. Within the scope of the study, data relating to the COVID-19 diagnosis, comorbidity, age (<50 and =50), and gender were obtained from all primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare institutions in the province. Results: When the invoices of the inpatients who received no intensive care treatment were examined, it was found that the bills of the male patients aged 50 years and older and those with comorbidities were statistically significantly higher. In the patient groups receiving both clinical and intensive care, the mean amount of invoices of female patients and those aged 50 and older were found to be higher (p <0.05). In addition to, In all other patient groups, it has been determined that the invoice amounts are below the patient costs, that is, the invoice amounts do not cover the patient cost. Conclusion: The disease is more severe in those aged 50 and older, those with comorbidities, and it is more severe and more common in males. Consequently, bill amounts and costs of these patients were found to be higher than those of the opposing groups. As a result, the rate of men getting the COVID-19 disease is higher than women. The disease is more severe in males in hospitalized patients, in =50 age group, and in patients with comorbidities. In parallel with these, the invoice amounts and costs of these patients are higher than the opposite groups. In general, the treatment costs of the patients are higher than the invoice amounts and they carry great risks for the future in ensuring the sustainability of the service. Ensuring sustainability in healthcare services depends on the ability of healthcare institutions to obtain invoices to cover their costs. COVID-19 not only creates a big economic burden for reimbursement institutions but also brings a great economic burden for the institutions that provide the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: İş kazaları önemli bir mortalite ve morbidite nedenidir. Ayrıca meydana getirdiği tedavi giderleri ve iş gücü kayıpları nedeni ile ekonomik açıdan ciddi yüklere sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastanemize başvuran iş kazalı hastaların demografik bilgileri, yaralanmaların özellikleri, acil servis maliyetleri ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: 01.01.2017–31.12.2017 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz acil servisine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri iş kazalı 323 hasta çalışma kapsamına alındı. Veriler hastane bilgi sistemi ve hasta dosyalarının geriye dönük olarak incelenmesiyle elde edildi.Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 34,03±9,8 idi. Olguların %89,8’i erkekti. Yaralanmalar en sık 28-47 yaş grubunda %62,9 görüldü. Acil Servis başvurularında yıl içinde en çok Aralık ayında görüldü. Günlere göre dağılımda en sık Salı günü, gün içinde ise en sık 08.00-16.00 saatleri arasında artış göstermekteydi. Olguların %24,1’i inşaat alanında çalışmaktaydı. Yaralanmaların %66,6’sının işe başladıktan sonraki ilk dört saat içerisinde olduğu belirlendi. Çalışma grubunda taburculuk oranı %69 idi. En fazla konsültasyon işlemi plastik ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi ile yapıldı. Ortalama acil servis maliyeti 119,40±115,38 TL idi. Eğitim durumu azaldıkça kazanın maliyetinin anlamlı olarak arttığı saptandı. Sonuç: İş kazalarının ve kaza neticesinde oluşacak kayıpların azaltılabilmesi için koruyucu faktörlerin yanı sıra, yaralanmaya yatkınlık oluşturacak etmenlerin de sorgulanması ve kaydedilmesi gereklidir

Çelik, yapı sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik, ekonomiklik, dayanıklılık vb. özellikleri ile ön plana çıkan bir malzemedir. Ülkemizde oluşmaya başlayan çevresel bilinç ve teknolojideki gelişmeler ile çelik malzemenin bu sektörde daha büyük bir paydaya sahip olması kaçınılmaz bir durum haline gelmektedir. Çelik malzeme, özellikle geniş açıklıklı çatı sistemlerinde yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, 30 m açıklığa sahip olacak şekilde tasarlanan bir sanayi yapısının çatı açıklığını geçmek için, trapez ve parabolik başlık tiplerine sahip kafes kirişler seçilmiştir. Her başlık tipi için, mekana çatı düzleminde; 0 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, 200 cm ve 240 cm tavan yükseklik kazancı sağlayan başlık şekilleri oluşturulmuştur. Toplamda oluşturulan 14 farklı düzlemsel kafes kiriş SAP2000 programında optimum ağırlığı sağlayacak şekilde modellenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler birbiriyle karşılaştırılarak her başlık tipi ve tavan yüksekliği kazancı için ağırlık ve maliyet bakımından en optimum sonucu veren düzlemsel kafes kirişler saptanmıştır.

Amaç: Eski ve yeni göçmenler ile yerli halkın Acil servis kullanım özelliklerini karşılaştırarak ülke ekonomisine farklı bir mali yük getirip getirmediğini incelemektir. Materyal-Metod: 01.01.2016- 31.12.2019 arasında Acil Servise başvuran Suriyeli, Afgan ve Türk hastalar rastgele örnekleme yoluyla 1000’er kişilik gruplara ayrıldı. Veriler retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Suriyeli hastalar Türk hastalara kıyasla AS’e 1.573 kat daha fazla daha basit etyolojiler (Triaj 4-5) ile başvurmakta olduğu görülmüştür (p=0.009). Triajı 1-2-3 olanlarda kadın başvuru oranının Triajı 4-5 olanlara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0.001). Triaj 1-2-3 olanların mesai içi veya dışı başvuruları arasında farklılık saptanmamıştır. Türk hastaların ortalama kişi başı maliyeti 109,60±73,36 TL olarak saptanmıştır. Suriyeli ve Afgan hastaların ortalama kişi başı maliyeti 96,20±35,61 – 95,24±28,24 TL olarak saptanmıştır. Uyruklar arasında kişi başı maliyetleri karşılaştırıldığında fark saptanmamıştır (p=0.766). Sonuç: Mülteciler ülkeye kabul edildikten sonra sağlık sistemi hakkında eğitim verilmesi, daha küçük yaşlardan itibaren topluma sağlık okuryazarlığı eğitimleri planlaması, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin daha etkili kullanılmasının sağlanması uygun olacaktır.

Aim: Compare the emergency department (ED) use characteristics of old and new refugees and the local people and to investigate whether it brings a different financial burden on the economy of the country. Materials and Methods: Syrian, Afghan, and Turkish patients who presented to the emergency department between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were randomly assigned to groups of 1000 people. The data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Syrian patients presented to the ED with simpler etiologies 1.573 times more (Triage 4-5) compared to Turkish patients (p=0.009). The rate of visits by females was higher in those with triage1-2-3 than those with triage 4-5 (p=0.001). There was no difference between during-working-hours or outside-working-hours visits of those with triage 1-2-3. The average per capita cost of Turkish patients was found to be 109.60±73.36 Turkish Liras (TL), while it was between 96.20±35.61 and 95.24±28.24 TL for Syrian and Afghan patients. No difference was found in terms of per capita costs between nationalities (p=0.766). Conclusion: Refugees should be trained about the health system after they are admitted to the country, health literacy training programs should be planned for individuals in society from a young age, primary healthcare services should be used more effectively.

Copyright of Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computer systems that are inspired by the biological neural networks that make up mammalian brains. An ANN is built from a network of linked units or nodes known as artificial neurons, which are roughly modeled after the neurons in the human brain. Each link, like synapses in a human brain, has the ability to send a signal to other neurons. The connections are referred to as edges. Neurons and edges usually have a weight that changes as learning progresses. The weight changes the intensity of the signal at a connection. Artificial neural networks have found applications in a wide range of fields due to their capacity to recreate and simulate nonlinear phenomena. System identification and control, medical diagnostics, data mining, visualization, machine translation, distinguishing highly invasive cancer cell lines from less invasive lines using simply cell shape information, and many more domains are examples of application areas. In this study, ANN analysis was utilized by us to forecast the total cost of therapy or the prognosis of severe COVID-19 the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The parameters such as ages, and the other biochemical parameters that affect the staying periods (days) of COVID-19 infected patients in ICU were evaluated by using an ANN analysis. For this a computer program, Pythia®, was used to develop ANN models. Real data was used for that selected patients in this study. Results: The real data obtained from the ICU and gave to the computer as initial parameters. The computer program gave 15 neurons for the first level, one neurons for the second level as the most suitable model for the prediction (SSD = 0.000995). This program predicts a total cost 144.930,94 Turkish Lira (27.300 USD) where the real cost 142.234,06 Turkish Lira (26.792 USD) for the real patient in 2019. This relation was found to be good to predict the possible affected parameters on staying times. Conclusion: The ANN model developed and released in this research does not necessitate any experimental parameters. Besides, ANN has the ability to deliver helpful and exact prediction or information regarding the expense of COVID-19 patients in ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition / Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi is the property of Soil Science Society of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

2018 yılı verilerine göre Çanakkale ili Türkiye kanola üretiminde %7,5’lik pay ile 5. sırada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, araştırma alanı olarak belirlenen Çanakkale ilinde, 2018 yılında kanola üreten ve Tam Sayım Yöntemine göre tespit edilen 83 işletmeden elde edilen veriler yardımıyla, kanola üretiminde kullanılan girdilerin miktar ve parasal değer bakımından işletme büyüklük grupları arasında farklılık olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre; birim alana kullanılan girdilerin bedelleri arasında sadece ilaç girdisinin işletme büyüklük gruplarına göre %5 düzeyinde, birim alana kullanılan girdi miktarı dikkate alındığında sadece makine işgücü isteği değerinin işletme büyüklük grupları arasında %5 düzeyinde istatistiki yönden farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelenen işletmelerde girdi kullanımı açısından, işletme grupları arasında istatistiki yönden önemli bir fark bulunmadığını, bu durumun da kanola üretim teknolojisindeki benzerlik yanında büyük işletmelerin ölçek ekonomisinin pozitif yönlerinden faydalanamadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle orta ve uzun vadede genelde tarımsal üretimde özelde ise kanola üretiminde işletmelerin üretim düzeyleri dikkate alınarak farklı araçlarla ve değişik yöntemlerle desteklenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Dünyada hızla gelişen teknoloji bugün içinde bulunduğumuz birçok firmayı tehlike altına almaktadır. Firmalar artık hem kendi iç sektörlerin de hem de uluslararası alanda rekabet edebilmek için kendilerini sürekli geliştirmek zorundadır. Bu anlamda kalite, maliyet ve müşteri memnuniyeti gibi kavramlar gün geçtikçe daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Yalın üretim işte bu noktada modası geçmeyen bir üretim yöntemidir. 1950’ler de Toyota Üretim Firması ile temelleri atılan yalın üretim bugün hale güncelliğini korumaktadır. Sıfır hata ve sıfır stok ilkesini benimseyen yalın üretim hem üretim sektöründe hem de hizmet sektöründe de uygulanmakta bugün birçok alanda kar seviyesini arttırmakta maliyetleri azaltmaktadır. Bugün hala gelişmeyi sürdürmekte ve yeni teknolojilerle entegre olması yalın üretimin devamlılığı açısından çok önemlidir. Yalın üretim Japon halkından dünyaya açılan bir kapıdır. Bu çalışmada bir demir-çelik üretim hattında yalın üretim uygulaması yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak işletmeye önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Dünyada ve ülkemizde oluşan iş kazaları incelendiği zaman, kazaların yaklaşık %88‘inin “tehlikeli hareket”, %10’unun “tehlikeli durum” ve %2’sinin de sebebi bilinmeyen durumlardan meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Güvenlik kültürü, tasarımda güvenlik, toplu veya kişisel koruyucu önlemler ile ilgili çalışmalar ülkemizde başlamış ama yeterli seviyeye getirilememiştir. Uzun vadede çalışmalarda, Avrupa standartlarına ulaşılsa dahi, tehlikeli hareketler ile ilgili kazalar, sistematik önlemler almadan yeterli seviyeye getirilemeyecektir. Bu sistemler çalışanların hatayı yapmayacak veya bazı hatalarını otomatik olarak durduracak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarında dokunmatik sensörler, gaz sensörleri vb. birçok sensör farklı sektörlerde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak ülkemizde ikinci el makine kullanımı çok fazla olduğundan dolayı sensörler etkin olarak kullanılamamaktadır. Eskiden büyük maliyetli olan sensörler günümüz şartlarında çok daha uygun maliyetlerde imal edilmektedir. Çok hızlı şekilde gelişen teknoloji, bu tarz uygulamalara kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca endüstri 4.0 ile beraber bu tip kullanımların yaygınlaşacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada 5x5 L tipi matris yöntemiyle örnek bir vaka incelenerek iş sağlığı güvenliği değerlendirmeleri yapılmış, kaza sonrası yapılan risk analizinde sensörlerin kullanımıyla iş kazası oluşma ihtimali %75 oranında düşürülmüştür. Zaman içerisinde diğer preslerde ve benzeri makinelerde yapılan uygulamalar vasıtasıyla kazalar minimize edilmiştir.