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Meschia brevirostris Malipatil, Masłowski & Taszakowski sp. nov. (Figs. 1–9) Material examined. Holotype (♂): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (S) \ 21°37.632'S 165°45.830'E \ Farino env. rainforest, at light \ Les Grandes Fougeres \ 12.03.2008 467 m \ leg. R. Dobosz & T. Blaik’; USMB: 5915/ 11447. Paratypes: (7 ♂, 7 ♀): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (S) \ 21°37.632'S 165°45.830'E \ Farino env. rainforest, at light \ Les Grandes Fougeres \ 12.03.2008 467 m \ leg. R. Dobosz & T. Blaik’. USMB: 5915/ 11042, 5915/ 11128, 5915/ 11389, 5915/ 11458, 5915/ 11111, 5915/ 11118, 5915/ 11132, 5915/ 11447, 5915/ 11378, 5915/ 11470, 5915/ 11139, 5915/ 11095, 5915/ 11124, 5915/ 11093; (4 ♂, 6 ♀): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (S) \ 21°37.632'S 165°45.830'E \ Farino env. rainforest, at light \ Les Grandes Fougeres \ 11.03.2008 467 m \ leg. R. Dobosz & T. Blaik’. USMB: 5915/ 12536, 5915/ 12608, 5915/ 13345, 5915/ 12528, 5915/ 12400, 5915/ 12527, 5915/ 12544, 5915/ 12514, 5915/ 12531, 5915/ 12543; (3 ♂, 1 ♀): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (S) \ 21°35.407'S 165°47.728'E \ Col d'Amieu 422 m \ at light \ 16.03.2008 \ leg. R. Dobosz’. USMB: 5915/ 22580, 5915/ 22939, 5915/ 22977; 5915/ 23032; (1 ♂, 2 ♀): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (S) \ 21°35.2'S 165°46.4'E \ Col d'Amieu 450-470 m \ (6.5-7.0 km from gate) \ 6.01.2007 (loc 6) at light \ leg. R. Dobosz & M. Wanat’. USMB: 5958/ 2148, 5958/ 2624, 5958/ 2242; (1 ♀): ’ NEW CALEDONIA (N) \ 21°08.941'S 165°19.407'E \ Aoupinié (refuge) \ 26.03.2008 400m at light \ leg. R. Dobosz’. USMB: 5915/ 22746. Holotype and one female paratype deposited in MNHN; one pair of paratypes deposited in MVMA; and the remainder of the specimens are kept in the collection of USMB. Diagnosis. Labium short, extending to abdominal sternum II in male (Fig. 1B) and III in female (Fig. 3A), labial total length 0.53–0.56 X total body length; pronotum with fuscous patches of variable intensity, shape and size, particularly distinct near anterior and posterior margins, also variable between male and female, in latter generally less contrasting with the ground colour (Figs. 1A, 2); lateral angle of pronotum not distinctly projecting lateral (Fig. 1A); middle part of lateral margin of dorsal pygophore opening not narrowed but continuous with posterior part (Fig. 7B); basal part of paramere blade broad, dorsal lobe well developed and conspicuously projecting compared to ventral lobe that is smoothly curved (Fig. 7E); vesica with a heavily sclerotized lateral membranous lobe (Fig. 7C, D). Description. Colouration: Male – Head, pronotum and scutellum ochraceous with dense brownish ochraceous punctures. Head with faint irregular, longitudinal, fuscous bands in basal half, one linear band near midline and one rather broad band near inside of each eye (Fig. 3B). Pronotum with incomplete, irregular and broad fuscous longitudinal bands, more obvious near posterior and anterior margins than in middle on disc. Antennae brown, slightly darker from segment 1 to 4, bases of segments as well as subapical area of segment 4 slightly paler. Corium pale ochraceous with ochraceous punctures, and with fuscous patches near apical and inner angles, as well as a fuscous streak posterior of middle of Sc vein. Membrane hyaline, slightly exceeding apex of abdomen (Fig. 1A). Ground colour of body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, except meso- and metasternum, base of abdomen broadly and apical part of pygophore darker (Fig. 1B). Labium orange, with tip blackish brown (Fig. 1B). Thoracic pleura with scattered coarse dark ochraceous punctures. Metathoracic scent gland opening pale ochraceous, with tip blackish brown (Fig. 3D). Distal upper side of femora with scattered dark spots. Claws dark brown. Outer laterotergites bicolored, with posterolateral areas darker (Fig. 1A). Female – variable in colour markings (Fig. 2A, B). Generally as in male, except body slightly broader, uniformly ochraceous and with fuscous areas or patches less obvious in some specimens, or almost anterior 2/3 of pronotum and most of head rather uniformly fuscous compared to posterior part of pronotum (Fig. 2B) with anterolateral margins of head uniformly ochraceous, fuscous marking on corium not obvious, outer laterotergites appear uniformly ochraceous, body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, except band along ovipositor darker (Fig. 3A). Structure and measurements (male/female): Body length including wings 3.81/4.10; maximum width 1.65/1.95. Head: Length 0.70/0.84; width across eyes 1.31/1.50; interocular space 0.84/1.00; interocellar space 0.32/0.41; eye-ocellar space 0.16/0.18; eye length 0.34/0.37; eye width 0.25/0.25. Length of antennal segments: I, 0.35/0.29; II, 0.79/0.83; III, 0.71/0.71; IV, 0.83/0.86. Labrum length 0.17/0.16. Labium extending to abdominal sternum II in male (Fig. 1B) or to abdominal sternum III in female (Fig. 3A), length of segments: I, 0.40/0.53; II, 0.67/0.75; III, 0.35/0.43; IV, 0.56/0.67. Sensilla of labium tip as in Fig. 6A. Thorax: Pronotum, median length 0.85/0.98; width at posterior margin 1.64/1.96; width at anterior margin 1.26/1.49. Scutellum length 0.76/0.93; width 0.95/1.15. Length of hemelytra 2.50/2.83; length of corium 1.76/2.08; claval commissure 0.21/0.27. Clavus either only punctate in three longitudinal rows in male or with several scattered punctures between inner two rows of punctures in female. Metathoracic scent gland as in Fig. 3D, E. Tarsus and tarsal claws and associated structures as in Fig. 6B, C. Abdomen: Connexivum exposed beyond middle of corium in both sexes (Figs. 1A, 2A, B & 4B). Outer laterotergites with fine punctures. Venter covered with sparse faint punctures, somewhat denser on lateral areas (Fig. 7A). Sterna increasingly narrowed medially from segments III–VII and abruptly moved forward for reception of ovipositor (Fig. 7A). Spiracles as in Figs. 4A, 6D & 7A, and trichobothria as in Figs. 4A, 6D–I & 7A. Structure of trichobothria and associated abdominal structures on sternites III to VII as in Fig. 4A. Submedian trichobothria on sternites III and IV reduced, and with sensilla arranged in triangular to almost linear series (Fig. 6E, F), enlarged structure of trichobothria as in Fig. 6H, I. Sublateral trichobothria on each of sterna V and VI represented by small raised elongate oval-shaped trichomes with spine-like microtrichia (Fig. 6G), anterior one with single sensillum and placed slightly anterior to spiracle, posterior trichome with two sensilla (Fig. 6G) almost one behind the other placed posterior to spiracle. On sternum VII anterior trichome absent, but posterior trichome with sensilla similar to those on V and VI. Bothria on sterna V–VII don’t appear to be sunken below surface of cuticle (see Gao et al. 2017 for terminology). Genitalia. Male: Pygophore as in Fig. 7B, dorsal opening of about similar width throughout. Paramere (Fig. 7E), with basal part of blade broad, dorsal lobe well developed and conspicuously projecting, ventral lobe smoothly curved; aedeagus (Fig. 7C, D) with phallotheca heavily and almost uniformly sclerotized, conjunctiva membranous, without any processes, vesica with a lateral heavily sclerotized membranous lobe before helicoid process; both helicoid (hp) and gonoporal processes (gp) each twisted about three times (Fig. 7C, D), secondary gonopore slightly thickened and flared. Female: ovipositor as in Fig. 7A, spermathecal bulb (sm) moderately sclerotized, almost spherical in shape (Fig. 7A). Other details as in genus description (see Malipatil 2014, Gao & Malipatil 2019). Distribution. New Caledonia (Fig. 9). Biology. Unknown. All the specimens were collected at night attracted to a light trap (bulb “MIX”- type 250 W, E40) in the ecotone zone of the rainforest (Fig. 8). Etymology. From Latin, brevis (short) and rostris (rostrum), referring to the short labium. Remarks. This new species can be readily distinguished from all other species of the genus Meschia by its short labium, extending to sternum II in male and III in female, labial total length 0.53–0.56 X body total length (in other species labium long, extending to sternum V or up to VII in both male and female, labial total length 0.66–0.74 X body total length). Like Meschia pugnax Distant, 1910, this new species also exhibits considerable variation in the colour markings, particularly the fuscous patches on the pronotum, both between the individuals from the same locality, as well as between the sexes, the males with more distinct fuscous patches on the pronotum than the females (Figs. 1, 2). An interesting phenomenon is the relatively frequent occurrence of teratological, oligomeric antennae in specimens of the newly described species. For general information on teratological antennae in Heteroptera see Taszakowski & Kaszyca-Taszakowska 2020. Among Lygaeoidea, oligomeric antennae are not uncommon. They have been shown in Berytidae and Geocoridae (Müller 1926), Blissidae (Douglas 1867), Rhyparochromidae (e.g., Douglas 1867, Costas et al. 1992), Cymidae (Butler 1882), Lygaeidae (e.g., Costas et al. 1992, Faúndez & Rocca 2016), Malcidae (Štys 1967) and Heterogastridae and Oxycarenidae (Costas et al. 1992). The teratology of the antennae of Meschiidae has not been described so far. However, in the paper by Gao & Malipatil (2019), the specimen of M. pugnax (as M. quadrimaculata) has an oligomeric, three-segmented left antenna and specimen of Meschia zoui has an oligomeric, three-segmented right antenna. Also, another M. pugnax (Malipatil et al. 2021) has an oligomeric, three-segmented antenna. In Meschia brevirostris sp. nov., as many as 24% of specimens were characterized by antennal teratology. In six cases, one of the antennae was oligomeric, three-segmented (Fig. 5C, D, E); both antennae were three-segmented in two cases. In some cases, compensatory regeneration occurred – the regenerated segments (II and III) were larger than normal. Observations using a scanning electron microscope showed that functional regeneration (sensory organs) occurred in most cases., Published as part of Malipatil, Mallik B., Masłowski, Adrian, Dobosz, Roland & Taszakowski, Artur, 2022, Meschia brevirostris sp. nov., from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Meschiidae), pp. 333-344 in Zootaxa 5154 (3) on pages 334-339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6644783, {"references":["Gao, C. Q., Redei, D., Shi, X. Q., Cai, B., Liang, K., Gao, S. & Bu, W. J. (2017) A comparative study of the abdominal trichobothria of Trichophora, with emphasis on Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). European Journal of Entomology, 114, 587 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2017.072","Malipatil, M. B. (2014) Meschiidae, a new family of Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from India and Australia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3815 (2), 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3815.2.4","Gao, C. & Malipatil, M. B. (2019) Meschia zoui sp. nov., first representative of the family Meschiidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea), Zootaxa, 4603 (1), 172 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4603.1.9","Distant, W. E. (1910) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon & Burma. Rhynchota Vol. V. Heteroptera: Appendix. Taylor and Francis, London, 362 pp.","Taszakowski, A., Kaszyca-Taszakowska, N. (2020) Teratological cases of the antennae in the family Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Scientific Reports, 10, 1027. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 57891 - 1","Muller, G. (1926) Uber einige Missbildungen bei Heteropteren. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 21, 10 - 22.","Douglas, J. W. (1867) On some peculiarities in the development of Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 3, 200 - 201.","Costas, M., Lopez, T. & Vazquez, M. A. (1992) Teratologias en Lygaeidae (Heteroptera). Actas do V Congreso Iberico de Entomologia. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 1 (3), 313 - 322.","Butler, E. A. H. (1882) Hemiptera and Coleoptera at Chobham. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 19, 140.","Faundez, E. I. & Rocca, J. R. (2016) Tres casos teratologicos en ligeidos (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) chilenos. Anales Instituto Patagonia, Chile, 44 (2), 49 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 686 X 2016000200004","Stys, P. (1967) Monograph of Malcinae, with reconsideration of morphology and phylogeny of related groups (Heteroptera, Malcidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 37, 351 - 516.","Malipatil, M. B., Yeshwanth, H. M. & Kondorosy, E. (2021) Taxonomic position of Heissothignus and review of the species of Meschia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Meschiidae) Zootaxa, 5032 (2), 283 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5032.2.9"]}

No description supplied

Stenopsoides newi Semeraro sp. nov. (Figs 1A,E,I, 3A–E, 6) Description. Body length ♀ 6.5–7.4 mm (n=3). General colour yellow, unicolorous. Face generally yellow except for reddish brown fine pitting particularly around vertex, anteclypeus and lorum orange or vermilion. Pronotal tubular extension yellow with brown coarse pitting amalgamated dorsomedially so tubular projection may appear to have a diffuse brownish stripe dorsally; calli smooth yellow (distinct), mesonotum and scutellum smooth, yellow. Tegmen mostly transparent with a hint of yellow; base of tegmen along costal margin vermillion; veins yellow. Fore and midfemur mostly orange or brown and hindfemur brown at apex, basal 1/4 of tibia brown. Head. (Figs 1A,E, 3A,C,D) Distance between coronal pits slightly greater than inter-ocellar distance; distance between ocelli around 1.8–1.9 times distance of ocellus to eye (or subequal to slightly closer to midline of face than to eye); frontoclypeus either slightly wider than or equal/ subequal to length, width around 0.5–0.7 times width of face between eyes; lorum either equal in width to length or slightly narrower than long; maxillary plate narrowly visible posterior to lorum; anteclypeus strongly flexed mesad, slightly constricted preapically and expanded at apex, apical margin truncate but slightly sinuate medially. Thorax. (Figs 1A,I, 3A,B,C) Pronotal extension conical and directed dorso-anteriad, tapered gradually towards apex and rounded; pronotum rugose with some brown pitting, striae not distinctly visible; raised median ridge along apical 1/8 of pronotum dorsally and full-length ventrally. Mesonotum + scutellum without distinct pitting or if present only very fine and concolorous; width across base 1.2–1.3 times mesonotum + scutellum length. Tegmen length 3.2 times its width. Legs metafemur with apical setal formula 2+1+1 or 2+1+0 with preapical setae fine; metatibia with 7–8 macrosetae on anterodorsal margin; 3–4 fine setae on anterior face of metatibia. Abdomen. (Fig. 3E) Female seventh sternite (7S) shape as in generic description, width around 2.7 times maximum height. Ovipositor apex not protruding, level with apex of pygofer in ventral view (n=1). Etymology. This species is named as tribute to Emeritus Professor Tim New who was Linda Semeraro's principal supervisor on her thesis project on macropsine leafhoppers. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Karratha, 14 Sep 1985, R.P. McMillan (WAM, Reg no. 28360). PARATYPES 1♀ AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Karijini National Park, 17 km W of Ranger Station, 20 April 2003, T. Weir, 22°33'47"S 118°15'30"E (ANIC); 1♀, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Pilbara region, 52 km W of Mt Bruce on Mt Bruce - Hammersley Rd; 14 km past Wittenoom Gorge toff.; 11 Jun 2004, M. Bulbert & S. Lassau: 22°33'21"S 117°57'35"E, PILB023SW (AMSA) For the specimen from Karratha the following coordinates: 20°44'06"S 116°50'53"E were extrapolated from the data on the label and used in the distribution map. Distribution. Western Australia (Fig. 6). Host. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Stenopsoides newi Semeraro sp. nov. may be recognised from other species in this genus by a combination of characters. It has a larger body size than either S. punctatus Semeraro sp. nov. and S. truncatus Semeraro sp. nov. but overlaps in size with S. turneri. It is mostly yellow with some orange on the face, legs and base of tegmen; the scutellum is bright yellow, contrasting with the pronotum and tegmen. The extended pronotum bears a single diffuse brown stripe dorsally, (S. turneri has lateral stripes on either side of the pronotal extension and S. punctatus Semeraro sp. nov. and S. truncatus Semeraro sp. nov., have no brown stripes). Similar to S. punctatus Semeraro sp. nov., the extended pronotum in lateral view is directed dorsoanteriad and is conical, tapering to a rounded apex (differs to S. turneri which is slightly flattened and broadened at apex and from S. truncatus Semeraro sp. nov. which is truncate at apex when viewed dorsally). There is some brown banding on apex of hind femur and base of hind tibia which is contrasted against the rest of the yellow leg (other species have entirely yellow legs, or only some orange markings). The coronal pits are slightly further apart than the inter-ocellar distance (in other species they are about the same distance from each other). Similar to S. truncatus Semeraro sp. nov., there are no brown spots on the tegmen (S. punctatus Semeraro sp. nov. has spots evenly over the tegmen and S. turneri has spots in costal cell only)., Published as part of Semeraro, Linda, Fletcher, Murray J., Malipatil, Mallik B., Constant, Jerome & New, Timothy R., 2021, Revision of a unique Australian leafhopper genus Stenopsoides Evans (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae: Macropsini), pp. 117-131 in Zootaxa 4999 (2) on pages 122-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5089416

Stenopsoides Evans, 1942 Stenopsoides Evans, 1942: 153. Type species: Stenopsoides turneri Evans, 1942 by original designation., Published as part of Semeraro, Linda, Fletcher, Murray J., Malipatil, Mallik B., Constant, Jerome & New, Timothy R., 2021, Revision of a unique Australian leafhopper genus Stenopsoides Evans (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae: Macropsini), pp. 117-131 in Zootaxa 4999 (2) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5089416, {"references":["Evans, J. W. (1942) New Leafhoppers (Homoptera, Jassoidea) from Western Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 27, 143 - 163."]}

Lamprolonchaea brouniana (Bezzi 1919) Lonchaea splendida Broun 1904: 307. (Homonymous with Lonchaea splendida Loew 1873) Lonchaea brouniana Bezzi, 1919: 246. Lamprolonchaea rugosifrons Bezzi, 1923: 183. (Synonymised by Pitkin, 1996: 476) Material examined. Type specimens: ��, AUSTRALIA; Sydney, ��� K 48703 ���, 26 Dec 1920, Lamprolonchaea rugosifrons n.sp. mf ���, ���TYPE���, specimen on minuten pin, here designated lectotype (AMS). ��, Sydney 26 Dec 1920, SPHTM Coll, here designated paralectotype (AMS). ��, Sydney, 30.x. 1921, Health Dept, ��� Lonchaea rugosifrons Bezzi, here designated paralectotype (MVM). Type (not previously designated) location Sydney, Broun (1904). Broun (1905) is a duplicate species description that includes a photographic plate; Broun (1905) notes that while being sent away for the preparation of this plate his specimens were damaged in transit. Bezzi (1919) was a nomenclatural note (see below) that did not add any associated type material for L. brouniana. Other (adult) specimens: AUSTRALIA; New South Wales: ��, Bilpin nr Kurrajong, 27 Oct 1980, NW Rodd, in AM; ��, Wahroonga, Sydney, 20 Nov 1926, in AM; ��, Yass, 14 Dec 1931, in AM; ��, Northmead, 26.Jan. 1963, DK McAlpine, in AM; ��, same loc., 4 Feb 1963, N. Gregg, in AM; ��, ��,Bronte, near Sydney, 13 Nov 1960, DK McAlpine, in AM; ��, Katoomba, 13.Nov 1958, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana Bezzi det. by JF McAlpine (AMS). 2 ��, Murray R 80 km W of Wentworth, 22.xi. 1967, A. Neboiss (MVM). ��, Brewarrina WWF, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana JF McAlpine 1960, in MV. 3 ��, 3 ��, NSW, Feb. 1966, bred from tomato (VAIC). Northern Territory: 3 ��,��, Darwin, 22.ii. 1984, S. Collins, ex peaches from Pickering Brook WA; 2 ��, 4 ��, Anula Supermarket, 11.ii. 1981, J. Freeman, ex nectarines; ��, 3 ��, Curtain Springs Roadhouse, 1.vi. 1993, M. Barton, reared from Solanum melongena; 13 ��, 4 ��, Arid Gold Farm, Ti Tree, 29.i. 2001, collected from CUE trap during an outbreak and eradication; ��, Tennant Creek, 20.ii. 1997, Mrs Hopf, ex Citrus limon; ��, Alice Springs, 4.vii. 1977, J. Bobb, bred from orange; 5 ��, 9 ��, Alice Springs, 5.xii. 1978, F. McEllister, ex tomato; 4 ��, 15 km N of Alice Springs, 18.iv. 1982, emerged 24.v. 1982, ex Solanum sp. (NTDR). Queensland: 2 ��, Dalby, 20 Feb 1935, bred from tomatoes, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana Bezzi det. by JF McAlpine 1960. 2��, 2 ��, Esdivold, ��� 24 ���, Bancroft, bred from tomatoes, SPHTM Coll (AMS). Victoria: ��, 2 ��, Warburton, F.E. Wilson, 13 Jan 1924; SPHTM Coll (AMS). ��, 3 ��, Preston; ��, Eltham, 8.xii. 1918, CE Cole; ��, Croydon, 13.ii.08; ��, Melbourne, 15.i. 28, GF Hill; 3 ��, Nunawading, 9.i. 1968, Neboiss, ��� Lamprolonchaea sp det. DK McAlpine 1979 ��� ��, Mt Albert, 15.iii. 47, R.T.; 3 ��, 5 ��, 1 puparium, Windsor, out of tomato, T.K., 02.08; ��, ��, Melton, 27.i. 1957, A. Neboiss; ��, Kerang, 11.v. 1946, RE Trebilock, ��, same except, 26.v.1946, 3��, same except, 24.xi. 1946; ��, 1 (headless), Ardmona, 1.xi. 1928, GF Hill, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana det. J.F. McAlpine 1960 ���; ��, Grampians, 12.94; ��, ��, Little Desert, 12.xi. 1958, FE Wilson; ��, 17 km SE Merrijig Howqua River, 1.xii. 1971, Neboiss; ��,��, 20 km NNE Horsham, 29.x. 1982, KL Walker, on Eucalyptus; 2 ��, 40 km NW Donald, 29.x. 1982, KLWalker, on Eucalyptus; ��, ��, 38 km N Birchip, 29.x. 1982, KLWalker, on Eucalytpus; ��, ��, 46 km N Ouyen, 30.x. 1982, KLWalker; 2 ��, Cape Otway, 29.xi. 1966, A. Neboiss; 2 ��, Glenelg R, 6 km NNE Nelson, 25.xi. 1966, A. Neboiss (MVM). 3 ��, Victoria, oranges, reared Dunedin, ���X no. 6 ���, 20.i. 1922; ��, same locality, reared Wellington, 22.i. 1922; 2 ��, same locality, reared Dunedin, i. 1922, one labelled ��� Lonchaea splendida; all Coll. Miller (NZAC). ��, Tatura, 14 15.iii. 1991, on Japanese millet, M.Malipatil and K.L. Dunn; ��, 1 missing head, Kyabram, in tomatoes, emerged 10.iv. 1907; 2 ��, 2 ��, 4 pupae, Ararat, H.W.Davey; ��, 2 pupae, Geelong, H.W.Davey; 2 ��, 4 ��, Port Melbourne, Feb. 1950, V.Sloane; 2 ��, Werribee, xi. 1940, HA. Barnham; 3 ��, 3 ��, several larvae, several pupae, Yarrawonga, 13.ii. 2009, S. Lewis, ex domestic tomatoes; ��, 6 ��, 7 pupae, several larvae, Thornbury, 20.ii. 2002, C.Pollard, ex tomato fruit; ��, 1 pupa, Cobram, Dec 1997, ex Citrus sinensis fruit; ��, Cobram East, 23.i. 2001, M.Malipatil, on peach leaves; ��, Knoxfield, Dec. 2002, B.Henderson, in glasshouse; ��, also larvae and puparia, Barham, 18 Dec 2010, A. Anderson, ex avocado fruit reared 4 Jan 2010; 3 ��, also larvae and puparia, Flemington, 6 Jan 2010, D. Mansell, ex tomato fruit reared 22 Jan 2010; ��, also larvae, Echuca, 12 Mar 2004, K. Ockerby, ex eggplant fruit reared; 5 ��, 1 ��, also larvae and puparia, Heywood, 15 Jan 2010, W. Stevens, ex tomato fruit reared 31 Jan 2010; 2 ��, also larvae and puparia, Ascot Vale, 8 Jan 2010, N. Gerad, ex tomato fruit reared 30 Jan 2010; 2 ��, ��, also larvae and puparia, Sale, 18 Jan 2010, J. McBay, ex tomato fruit reared 9 Feb 2010 (VAIC). Western Australia: ��,��, Bunbury, 17.ii. 1954, A.Neboiss (MVM). 2 ��, Bunbury, 1 20 Oct 1955, A. Snell; ��, Cape district, 28 km S of Bunbury, 7 Jan 1957, A. Snell; ��, 18 km E of Wicherina, 25.ix. 1964, G.L. Bush; ��, 18 km W of Eucla, 13.ix. 1964, G.L. Bush; all ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana Bezzi det. by JF McAlpine (AMS). ��, ��, Fremantle, 11.i. 1954, KR Norris, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana det. JF McAlpine 1960 ���; ��, Capel, 7.i. 1957, Snell; ��, Beelerup, 25.ii. 1958, Snell (MVM). 4 ��, 2 ��, Carnarvon, -. x. 1955, ex capsicums; 2 ��, Dalkeith, Perth, ex tomato fruit reared 16.ii. 1989, J. Bradshaw; 2 ��, Geraldton, 14 Oct 1947, F. Ryan; 2 ��, 2 ��, Kununurra, ex overripe rockmelon collected maggots 7.vi. 1990, flies emerged 19.vi. 1990, G.R. Strickland; 30 ��, 4 ��, Lake Bryde, 16.xii. 1974, K.T. Richards; 2m 7 ��, Middle Swan, 15.vi. 1972, ex Sodam Apple, D.L. Hardey; 2 �� 2 ��, Narrogin, March 1979, ex Tomatoes; ��, Nedlands, 15.4. 46 FE, reared in lab from Apple of Sodom; ��, North Gingin, 17.ix. 1969, K.T. Richards; ��, Perth, bred in insectory from Walnuts, 22 - 4-55, E. Elkington; 4 ��, 4 ��, Swan River, March, L.J. Newman; ��, Wanneroo, May 1955, bred from tomatoes in lab, Mrs Edwards; 4 �� 4 ��, Wanneroo, ex cowdung, 15.iii. 1997, D.F. Cook, ��� Lamprolonchaea brouniana Bezzi det. D.K. MacAlpine���(DAFWA). Diagnosis. Adult fly moderately large (relative to other Lamprolonchaea), approximately 3.5���4.5 mm body length, bright metallic golden-green in colour, with black head, a shiny-black frons entirely covered with large irregular coarse pits (rugose), dusky grey antennal postpedicellus, white calypters, clear iridescent wings, legs with femora ventrally fringed with long black setae and yellowish basal tarsal segments Description. Adults (Figs. 1���19) Males. General body colour bright metallic golden-green except head which is black (Figs. 1, 3, 5). Head: Eyes chocolate-brown coloured, large rounded externally and oval in shape (Fig. 3, 5). In live specimens the eyes are reddish-brown. Frons narrow, widening at top (Fig. 5), lower frons width 0.5 of one eye, upper frons width 0.6 of one eye, shiny black with greenish or bluish reflections, covered with large irregular and indistinct pits on almost entire surface giving a rugose appearance. Ocelli small, forming three points of a triangle. Strong setae present along margin of genal plate, fine subequal setula on frons up to orbital setae. Head setae previously illustrated in Colless & McAlpine (1991); outer vertical setae 2 / 3 length of inner vertical setae, ocellar setae proclinate, subequal to inner vertical setae, orbital setae subequal to outer vertical setae. Postocular setae �� (inner) to �� (outer) length of outer vertical setae. Lunule bare, black or reddish-brown and silver dusted, as is face and parafacials. The antennal postpedicellus dusky grey and three times as long as wide, arista often pale at base black at tip, entirely bare. Short robust oral setulae along subgenal margin. (Figs. 1, 3, 5). Thorax: Thorax dorsally only slightly longer than broad, narrowed at rear with a strong groove between the mesonotum and scutellum, entirely shining, and devoid of dust (Figs. 1, 3). Scutellum, on margin, with 2, one apical and one subbasal, pairs of long setae (lateral setular) and 1���4 short lateral scutellar setulae (often broken off). Thoracic sclerites shining metallic-green with no dust, and numerous fine setula and long robust setae: single stigmatal seta, two posterior and two or more anterodorsal mesoplural setae, single humeral seta and single anterior and posterior notoplural seta, four strong postsupra-alar setae. Legs black, basal tarsomeres yellow except at apices, other tarsomeres black and cordiform, femora ventrally fringed with long, dense black setae. Pretarsus and claws black, ariolum white with paired lobes that are often extended (Figs. 3, 5). Wings ~ 3.5 mm long, clear and iridescent, with a distinct whitish tint, anterior margin of costa covered with dense dark spinules which gradually become shorter and thinner from base to apex of wing, all veins pale yellowish. The pattern of veins was previously illustrated in Colless & McAlpine (1991). Calypters whitish and white fringed, halteres black, transversely knobbed at the tips, their stalks rather long and slender (Figs. 3, 8). Abdomen: Abdominal tergites glistening and coloured like mesonotum, with golden and coppery reflections, 5 visible tergites, with strong closely placed, almost divided into two tufts, black setulae at end of tergite 5, the latter about as long as combined length of tergites 3 and 4 (Fig. 3). Terminalia: Short, projecting forward internally to about half length of abdomen, tips of setae on epandrium extending posteriorly to tip of abdomen (Fig. 10). In dissected terminalia (Fig. 11���16), cerci soft and flaplike, covered with fine setulae and spinules particularly on apical margin; epandrium large, posteriorly produced to a semi-circular, lobe with several strong setulae on posterior margin, apically produced to a small lobe with rounded margin and armed with 3 or 4 strong setae 1 �� x longer than epandrium itself, and 2 / 3 length of remainder of terminalia, antero-laterally produced to a narrow pointed process. Surstyli smaller than epandrium, semi-circular and bearing a marginal fringe of strong setae. Phallus short and simple, in lateral view C-shaped with a characteristically angled and slightly thickened apex (Fig. 15). Ejaculatory apodeme narrow platelike, slightly broadened towards apex (Figs. 14���15) Females. Generally as in male (Figs. 2, 4, 6) except: slightly shorter body, abdomen, eye, and scutellar setae (Table 1); frons much wider and more parallel sided (Fig. 6), lower frons width 0.8 of one eye, upper frons width 0.8; of one eye; femoral fringe slightly less prominent and the tarsomeres are paler in colour, with both the basal plus the second tarsomere often yellow; abdomen with 6 visible tergites, sixth tergite about as long as fifth (Fig. 4), with no paired tuft of setulae at apex. Aculeus relatively short (~1.0 mm), broad (~ 0.2 mm), and black, shaft slender (Figs. 17���19); basal segment has one row of submarginal sparse short setulae on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, central membrane spiculose in middle 1 / 3 area (as in Fig. 52 of McAlpine & Steyskal 1982), gradually widening slightly from base to apex; apical segment ends in bluntly rounded apex, about 1 �� as long as broad, subbasal dorsal setae (one pair) about �� as long as apical segment, and as long as apical pair, two longest preapical ventral setulae about as long as the segment, Note, apical setulae number variable and often rubbed off (Figs. 17���19). Pupae (Figs. 20���23) Material examined: AUSTRALIA; Victoria: Ararat, 4 specimens; Ascot Vale, 2 specimens; Cobram, 1 specimen; Flemington, 3 specimens; Geelong, 2 specimens; Heywood, 6 specimens; Knoxfield, 1 specimen; Sale, 3 specimens; Thornbury, 8 specimens; Yarrawonga, 15 specimens (VAIC). Approximately 4 mm long and 1 mm wide (Fig. 20���21) barrel-shaped, with former larval segments marked by slight indentations, surface covered in transverse wrinkles, anterior end slightly compressed dorsolaterally, with a short lateral ridge on either side, and anterior spiracles represented by two small knobs on either side of ���head��� area (Fig. 23). The posterior spiracles represented by a pair of knobs, each with 3 narrow slits similar to in larvae (Fig. 22). In the laboratory at Knoxfield DPI, pupal stadium lasted for 11 to 14 days at 25 o C (mean = 12 days, n = 5 clutches, total 17 pupae). Larvae (Figs. 25 ���44) Material examined: AUSTRALIA; New South Wales: Avocado: Barham, 18 Dec 2009; Capsicum: Barooga, 17 Mar 2008; Tocumwal, 6 Mar 2007; Citrus: Tocumwal, 17 Feb 2009; 27 Nov 2008; 1 Dec 2008; 1 Nov 2008; 2 Dec 2008; Stone Fruit: Tocumwal, 17 Feb 2009; 4 Feb 2009; 3 Feb 2009; 28 Feb 2007; Tomato: 32 km from Swan Hill, 18 Jan 2006; Barooga, 10 Apr 2008; Tocumwal, 2 Feb 2009; 14 Feb 2008; 18 Dec 2002; 14 Mar 2007; unknown host: Rock Valley, 28 Dec 1950. Victoria: Apricot: Wangaratta, 20 Jan 2009; Avocado: Nichols Point, 10 Feb 2005; Capsicum: Chiltern, 30 Mar 2007; Rutherglen, 20 Feb 2007; Wahgunyah, 28 Mar 2007; Citrus: Moonee Ponds, 10 Nov 2008; Eggplant: Ascot Vale, 8 Apr 2008; Echuca, 12 Mar 2004; Eldorado, 28 Apr 2008; Myrrhee, 17 Mar 2008; FIGURES 33���44. L. brouniana larvae, Porepunkah, Vic, 36���44) after clearing in KOH ��� 33) 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd instars; 34) 1 st instar posterior, lateral view; 35) 2 nd instar posterior, lateral view; 36) 1 st instar anterior, lateral view; 37) 1 st instar, lateral view; 38) 1 st instar posterior, lateral view; 39) 2 nd instar anterior, lateral view; 40) 2 nd instar, lateral view; 41) 2 nd instar posterior, lateral view; 42) 3 rd instar anterior, lateral view; 43) 3 rd instar, lateral view; 44) 3 rd instar posterior, lateral view. Rutherglen, 29 Mar 2007; Waaia, 4 May 2005; Grapefruit: Euroa, 15 Apr 2008; Rutherglen, 18 Dec 2007; Yarrawonga, 13 Jan 2009; Lemon: Moonee Ponds, 18 Nov 2008; Wangaratta, 21 Jan 2009; Mandarin: Springhurst, 3 Dec 2008; Nectarine: Wangaratta, 11 Feb 2009; Orange: Boorhaman, 3 Dec 2008; Wangaratta, 17 Feb 2008; Peach: Eldorado, 18 Jan 2006; Kyneton, Dec 1999; Mildura, 31 Mar 2009; Narre Warren, 15 Jan 2001; Wangaratta, 8 Feb 2008; Warracknabeal, 22 Feb 2008; Peach or Tomato: Bendigo, 5 Jan 2001; Stone Fruit: Baddaginnie, 31 Mar 2008; Benalla, Feb 2002; Shepparton, 2 Mar 2006; Waaia, 4 May 2005; Tomato: Airport West, 20 Mar 2008; Ascot Vale, 16 Apr 2008; 5 Mar 2009; Barwidgee, 4 Feb 2009; Beechworth, 2 Mar 2009; 27 Feb 2009; 2 Apr 2008; Benalla, 2 Dec 2008; 19 Feb 2007; 3 Apr 2007; 4 Apr 2007; 4 Apr 2007; 4 Apr 2007; 5 Apr 2007; Bendigo, 9 Feb 2009; Boho, 11 Mar 2009; Bunbartha, 1 Apr 2004; Bundalong, 20 Mar 2009; Castlemaine, 30 Jan 2001; Chiltern, 30 Mar 2007; 30 Mar 2007; Dereel, 3 Mar 2001; Devenish, 20 Mar 2008; Echuca, 21 Jan 2009; 14 Feb 2005; Eltham, 28 Mar 2008; 31 Jan 2000; 12 Feb 1999; Essendon, 27 Mar 2008; Euroa, 11 Apr 2008; 10 Apr 2008; 15 Apr 2008; Flemington, 9 Feb 2009; Footscray, 11 Mar 2008; Gapsted, 21 Feb 1940; Glenrowan, 10 Feb 2009; Kensington, 16 Feb 2008; Kerang, Jan 1999; Koonoomoo, 16 Feb 2007; Kotupna, 13 Feb 2006; Lower Templestowe, 21 Feb 2008; Lurg Upper Greta, 6 Mar 2009; Maffra, 3 Feb 2004; Melbourne, Jan 2001; Mildura, 30 Nov 1999; Moama, 8 Mar 2009; Moonee Ponds, 25 Mar 2008; Moorabbin, 22 Jan 2001; Myrtleford, 14 Mar 2008; Narre Warren, 5 Feb 2009; Oxley, 18 Apr 2008; Oxley, 21 Apr 2008; Parkville, 25 Jan 2001; Paynesville, 6 Feb 2008; Pyramid Hill, 21 Jan 2005; Raywood, 7 Mar 2006; Rushworth, 20 Mar 2008; Rutherglen, 20 Feb 2007; 29 Mar 2007; 5 Apr 2007; 29 Mar 2007; 29 Mar 2007; 20 Feb 2007; 29 Mar 2007; 27 Mar 2007; 18 Feb 2005; Sale, 2 Feb 2005; Scoresby, 2 Feb 2005; Shepparton, Jan 2000; South Yarra, 5 Feb 2008; Springhurst, 1 May 2008; Swan Hill, Mar 2002; Tatura, Jan 2001; 28 Mar 2006; 30 Mar 2006; Thornbury, 20 Feb 2002; Toolamba, 7 Jan 2004; Wahgunyah, 27 Mar 2007; 27 Mar 2007; Wandin East, 2 Mar 2004; Wangandary, 13 Jan 2009; Wangaratta, 23 Jun 2004; 13 Apr 2007; 12 Apr 2007; 12 Apr 2007; 12 Apr 2007; 19 Apr 2007; 18 Feb 2008; 18 Feb 2008; 18 Feb 2008; 22 Jan 2009; 29 Feb 2009; 21 Dec 2009; 20 Jan 2009; Yackandandah, 17 Mar 2008; Yarrawonga, 13 Feb 2009; 17 Feb 2009; Jan 2009; 20 Feb 2009; Vegetable: Plenty, 29 Jan 2003. Unkown host: Bayswater, 12 Feb 2009; Kerang, 21 Jan 2004; Kyabram, 10 Apr 1907; (VAIC). Third instar. Body: Body strongly tapering anteriorly, average length 7.1 mm �� 0.3 (SD), average width 1.0 mm �� 0.2 (SD) (Figs. 25 ���33, 43). Fresh specimens mostly white or creamy white in colour, except posterior spiracles and mouth hooks and associated internal structures contrastingly dark; often darken once preserved in ethanol. Head: Cephlopharangeal skeleton as in Fig. 27, with a pair of symmetrical stout sickle shaped mouthhooks without preapical teeth, but with a pair of distinct dental sclerites, labial and hypopharyngeal sclerites present, parastomal bars very narrow, posterolateral apodeme generally large, dorsal arch and cornu well developed and sclerotized, ventral cornu weakly sclerotized, fine ventral pharyngeal ridges present along lower margin of ventral cornu (Figs. 27, 42). Thoracic and abdominal segments: Ventral locomotory welts of spines indistinct on thoracic segments, but distinctly present on abdominal segments, welts approximately 1 / 3 width of the body (laterally) becoming slightly more conspicuous from anterior to posterior segments (Figs. 25, 43). Each abdominal ���proleg��� elliptical in outline with gradually rounded ends, margined with a continuous row of very fine spicules (Figs. 32, 44). Each abdominal proleg, particularly the posterior ones, with five transverse parallel rows of locomotory spicules (Figs. 32, 44)���the most anterior row with relatively large spicules forming a broken line, followed by two continuous lines of fine spicules, the fourth line containing the largest spicules arranged in raised linear-clumps of 3���6 broad teeth, followed by a shorter fifth continuous row of fine spicules. Anterior spiracles: hand-like, with five to seven lobular papillae projecting from a stalk (Figs. 25 ���26, 28). Posterior spiracles: mounted above centre of the depressed posterior spiracular disk (Figs. 25, 30), characteristically projected on very short tubular horn-like projections (Figs. 30���31), in lateral view appears as a narrow pigmented band, sometimes with a clear layer above (Fig. 30), with three spiracle-slits roughly at right-angles to each other, in older specimens there are often sclerotized tubercules present laterally adjacent to the posterior spiracles (Fig. 30). Anal area: spines present around anal plate, Published as part of Blacket, Mark J. & Malipatil, Mallik B., 2010, Redescription of the Australian metallic-green tomato fly, Lamprolonchaea brouniana (Bezzi) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), with notes on the Australian Lamprolonchaea fauna, pp. 31-51 in Zootaxa 2670 on pages 34-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199123, {"references":["Bezzi, M. (1919) Two new Ethiopian Lonchaeidae, with notes on other species (Dipt.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 9, 241 - 254.","Broun, T. (1904) Description of Lonchaea splendida. In: The twelfth report of the Department of Agriculture. New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Wellington, pp 307 - 308.","Loew, H. (1873) Beschreibungen europaischer Dipteran III. Band II (pt. 10 of MEIGEN'S System. Besschr. Der bek. Eur. Zweifl. Ins.). 8, 320 pp.","Bezzi, M. (1923) On the Australian Lonchaeidae (Diptera). The Australian Zoologist, 3, 183 - 185.","Pitkin, B. R. (1996) Family Lonchaiedae, In: Pitkin, B. R. (Ed), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic regions, Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 476 - 478. Available from http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / aocat / lonchaeidae. html (accessed January 2010).","Broun, T. (1905) Descriptions of three species of fruit flies. Bulletin of New Zealand Department of Agriculture Division Biological Horticulture, 4, 3 - 6.","McAlpine, J. F. (1960) Chapter XVI. Diptera (Brachycera): Lonchaeidae. In Hanstrom, B., Brink, P. & Rudebeck, G. (Eds.). South African animal life. Results of the Lund University Expedidtion 1950 - 1951. Volume 7. Almqvist and Wisell, Goteborg, Stockholm, Upsalla, pp. 327 - 376.","Colless, D. H. & McAlpine, D. K. (1991) Diptera: Lonchaeidae. In: The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. CSIRO, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp. 770 & 774.","McAlpine, J. F. & Steyskal, G. C. (1982) A revision of Neosilba McAlpine with a key to the world genera of Lonchaeidae (Diptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 114, 105 - 137.","Ferrar, P. (1987) Family: Lonchaeidae. In: A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of Diptera Cyclorrhapha. Scandinavian Science Press, Copenhagen, Part 1: pp 205 - 214, Part 2: Figures 707 - 709.","Malloch, J. R. (1928) Notes on Australian Diptera, No xiv. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 53, 295 - 309.","French, C. (1911) Metallic Tomato Fly (Lonchaea splendida). In: A Handboook of the destructive insects of Victoria, Part V. Victorian Department of Agriculture, Melbourne, pp 20 - 24.","Tillyard, R. J. (1926) Diptera: Acalyptrata. In: The insects of Australia and New Zealand. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, pp. 371.","Ferrar, P. (1979) The immature stages of dung-breeding Muscoid flies in Australia, with notes on the species, and keys to larvae and puparia. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, No. 73, 1 - 106.","Hughes, R. D. & Woolcock, L. T. (1976) Aphaereta aotea sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Alysiine parasite of dung breeding flies. Journal of Australian Entomological Society, 15, 191 - 196."]}

Additional Lamprolonchaea species in Australia (Figs. 45���50) A number of other Lamprolonchaea species have been recorded from Australia (Pitkin 1996); all of these species differ from L. brouniana in possessing a smooth frons. Below we provide a key to known Australian Lamprolonchaea based upon published species descriptions, Published as part of Blacket, Mark J. & Malipatil, Mallik B., 2010, Redescription of the Australian metallic-green tomato fly, Lamprolonchaea brouniana (Bezzi) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), with notes on the Australian Lamprolonchaea fauna, pp. 31-51 in Zootaxa 2670 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199123, {"references":["Pitkin, B. R. (1996) Family Lonchaiedae, In: Pitkin, B. R. (Ed), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic regions, Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 476 - 478. Available from http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / aocat / lonchaeidae. html (accessed January 2010)."]}