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2. CovXR: Automated Detection of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Chest X-Rays through Machine Learning

Author

Shenoy, Vishal and Malik, Sachin B.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the highly contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The standard diagnostic testing procedure for COVID-19 is testing a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which can take multiple days to provide a diagnosis. Another widespread form of testing is rapid antigen testing, which has a low sensitivity compared to PCR, but is favored for its quick diagnosis time of usually 15-30 minutes. Patients who test positive for COVID-19 demonstrate diffuse alveolar damage in 87% of cases. Machine learning has proven to have advantages in image classification problems with radiology. In this work, we introduce CovXR as a machine learning model designed to detect COVID-19 pneumonia in chest X-rays (CXR). CovXR is a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on over 4,300 chest X-rays. The performance of the model is measured through accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity. The model achieves an accuracy of 95.5% and an F1 score of 0.954. The sensitivity is 93.5% and specificity is 97.5%. With accuracy above 95% and F1 score above 0.95, CovXR is highly accurate in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia on CXRs. The model achieves better accuracy than prior work and uses a unique approach to identify COVID-19 pneumonia. CovXR is highly accurate in identifying COVID-19 on CXRs of patients with a PCR confirmed positive diagnosis and provides much faster results than PCR tests., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021

5. Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion CT for the Detection of Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Author

Nous, Fay M.A., Geisler, Tobias, Kruk, Mariusz B.P., Alkadhi, Hatem, Kitagawa, Kakuya, Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn, Hell, Michaela M., Hausleiter, Jörg, Nguyen, Patricia K., Budde, Ricardo P.J., Nikolaou, Konstantin, Kepka, Cezary, Manka, Robert, Sakuma, Hajime, Malik, Sachin B., Coenen, Adriaan, Zijlstra, Felix, Klotz, Ernst, van der Harst, Pim, Artzner, Christoph, Dedic, Admir, Pugliese, Francesca, Bamberg, Fabian, and Nieman, Koen

Published
2022
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6. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Infective Endocarditis

Author

Malik, Sachin B., Hsu, Joe Y., Hurwitz Koweek, Lynne M., Ghoshhajra, Brian B., Beache, Garth M., Brown, Richard K.J., Davis, Andrew M., Johri, Amer M., Kligerman, Seth J., Litmanovich, Diana, Mace, Sharon E., Maroules, Christopher D., Meyersohn, Nandini, Villines, Todd C., Wann, Samuel, Weissman, Gaby, and Abbara, Suhny

Published
2021
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7. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Preprocedural Planning for Left Atrial Procedures in Atrial Fibrillation.

Author

Agarwal, Prachi P., Nasr, Layla A., Ghoshhajra, Brian B., Brown, Richard K.J., Collier, Patrick, De Cecco, Carlo N., Fuss, Cristina, Goldstein, Jennifer N., Kallianos, Kimberly, Malik, Sachin B., Maroules, Christopher D., Meyersohn, Nandini M., Nazarian, Saman, Scherer, Markus D., Singh, Simranjit, Tailor, Tina D., Tong, Matthew S., and Koweek, Lynne M.

Abstract

This document summarizes the relevant literature for the selection of preprocedural imaging in three clinical scenarios in patients needing endovascular treatment or cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. These clinical scenarios include preprocedural imaging prior to radiofrequency ablation; prior to left atrial appendage occlusion; and prior to cardioversion. The appropriateness of imaging modalities as they apply to each clinical scenario is rated as usually appropriate, may be appropriate, and usually not appropriate to assist the selection of the most appropriate imaging modality in the corresponding clinical scenarios. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Workup of Noncerebral Systemic Arterial Embolic Source

Author

Parenti, Vincent G., primary, Vijay, Kanupriya, additional, Maroules, Christopher D., additional, Majdalany, Bill S., additional, Koweek, Lynne M., additional, Khaja, Minhajuddin S., additional, Ghoshhajra, Brian B., additional, Agarwal, Prachi P., additional, Contrella, Benjamin N., additional, Keefe, Nicole A., additional, Lo, Bruce M., additional, Malik, Sachin B., additional, Surasi, Devaki Shilpa, additional, Waite, Kathleen, additional, Williamson, Eric E., additional, Abbara, Suhny, additional, and Dill, Karin E., additional

Published
2023
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13. Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion CT for the Detection of Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Author

Nous, Fay M A, Geisler, Tobias, Kruk, Mariusz B P, Alkadhi, Hatem, Kitagawa, Kakuya, Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn, Hell, Michaela M, Hausleiter, Jörg, Nguyen, Patricia K, Budde, Ricardo P J, Nikolaou, Konstantin, Kepka, Cezary, Manka, Robert, Sakuma, Hajime, Malik, Sachin B, Coenen, Adriaan, Zijlstra, Felix, Klotz, Ernst, van der Harst, Pim, Artzner, Christoph, Dedic, Admir, Pugliese, Francesca, Bamberg, Fabian, Nieman, Koen, Nous, Fay M A, Geisler, Tobias, Kruk, Mariusz B P, Alkadhi, Hatem, Kitagawa, Kakuya, Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn, Hell, Michaela M, Hausleiter, Jörg, Nguyen, Patricia K, Budde, Ricardo P J, Nikolaou, Konstantin, Kepka, Cezary, Manka, Robert, Sakuma, Hajime, Malik, Sachin B, Coenen, Adriaan, Zijlstra, Felix, Klotz, Ernst, van der Harst, Pim, Artzner, Christoph, Dedic, Admir, Pugliese, Francesca, Bamberg, Fabian, and Nieman, Koen

Abstract

OBJECTIVES In this international, multicenter study, using third-generation dual-source computed tomography (CT), we investigated the diagnostic performance of dynamic stress CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) in addition to coronary CT angiography (CTA) compared to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR). BACKGROUND CT-MPI combined with coronary CTA integrates coronary artery anatomy with inducible myocardial ischemia, showing promising results for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease in single-center studies. METHODS At 9 centers in Europe, Japan, and the United States, 132 patients scheduled for ICA were enrolled; 114 patients successfully completed coronary CTA, adenosine-stress dynamic CT-MPI, and ICA. Invasive FFR was performed in vessels with 25% to 90% stenosis. Data were analyzed by independent core laboratories. For the primary analysis, for each coronary artery the presence of hemodynamically significant obstruction was interpreted by coronary CTA with CT-MPI compared to coronary CTA alone, using an FFR of ≤0.80 and angiographic severity as reference. Territorial absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) and relative MBF were compared using C-statistics. RESULTS ICA and FFR identified hemodynamically significant stenoses in 74 of 289 coronary vessels (26%). Coronary CTA with ≥50% stenosis demonstrated a per-vessel sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis of 96% (95% CI: 91-100), 72% (95% CI: 66-78), and 78% (95% CI: 73-83), respectively. Coronary CTA with CT-MPI showed a lower sensitivity (84%; 95% CI: 75-92) but higher specificity (89%; 95% CI: 85-93) and accuracy (88%; 95% CI: 84-92). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of absolute MBF and relative MBF were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.88), respectively. The median dose-length product of CT-MPI and coronary CTA were 313 mGy·cm and 13

Published
2022

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