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The shift of wood raw material sources from natural forests to community forests opens opportunities for West Java Province Indonesia as a source of wood raw materials because it has a large area of community forests. One type of plant grown in community forests is the jabon tree (Neolamarckia cadamba). This study will investigate whether jabon wood can be utilized as raw material for wood composite, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL), laminated veneer board (LVB), and plywood, from the aspect of physical and mechanical characteristics, such as moisture content, density, bending strength, hardness, delamination, and formaldehyde emission. Another will find out the economic consideration of jabon compared with sengon wood. Results showed that based on the physical, mechanical, delamination, and formaldehyde emission characteristics, the tested jabon wood can be used as a raw material for wood veneer-based composite with better characteristics compared to sengon wood. However, the availability of jabon wood is lower than sengon wood and the price of jabon wood was higher than sengon wood. These factors may limit jabon utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated veneer board (LVB) panel from gmelina wood is one form of developing processed wood products to improve the quality of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The addition of fire-retardant materials is an important element that needs to be developed to increase the fire resistance properties of LVL and LVB panels. The fire-retardant materials used in this research were diammonium phosphate (DAP) and sodium silicate (SS) with a concentration of 20% each, using two different application methods, namely impregnation and coating. This research aimed to determine the effect of adding 20% DAP and 20% SS solutions on physical and mechanical characteristics, formaldehyde emissions, delamination percentage, and the burning time for LVB panels. Panel testing is carried out referring to the requirements of the ASTM D-143:2003 test standard for density, BS EN 317:1993 for swelling-shrinking, JIS A 1460 (2001) for formaldehyde emission, and JIS 701 (2008) for other parameters. Results from physical and mechanical tests showed that panels already met the standard. Formaldehyde emissions were less than 0.4.mg/L classified F**** which means the panel is safe and environmentally friendly. Percentages delamination already met the standard except for both SS impregnation and SS coating application methods. The longest burning time was achieved by the panel with added DAP impregnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though phytoremediation is considered a green technology for remediating heavy metals, there are some problems with the application of this technology, particularly when it comes to managing the biomass that is used. So, processing biomass needs to be given a lot of attention. This study outlined the utilization of extracts obtained from the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. Subsequently, the nanoparticle underwent testing to determine its suitability as an absorbent for heavy metals, specifically lead, as well as its efficacy as an antifungal agent against Fusarium sp. strain. The characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles involved several measurements, such as scanning electron microscopy analysis, high- and low-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and hysteresis curve acquisition. The research findings indicate that the extract from hyperaccumulators can be utilized for the synthesis of NiO, which exhibits an absorption capacity exceeding 98% and serves as an efficient antifungal agent against Fusarium sp. pathogens. The approach utilized in this study not only prioritizes "green" and sustainability factors but also takes into account the economic aspects associated with the items being manufactured. The research has important implications in two areas. Firstly, it demonstrates the utilization of natural resources (B. oleracea var. alboglabra) in the production of nickel oxide, which serves as a safer and more eco-friendly substitute for dangerous chemicals. Furthermore, it aids in the advancement of novel techniques for effectively managing biomass hyperaccumulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and laminated veneer board (LVB) panels from jabon wood (Neolamarckia cadamba) were impregnated with fire retardation substances, namely diammonium phosphate (DAP) and sodium silicate (SS). Prior to testing, the boards were conditioned in relative humidity (RH) of 65% and a temperature of 25 °C. The moisture content (MC), bending strength tests in flat wise position, and bonding tests were conducted in accordance with the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS:2008). Density tests and hardness tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D143 standard (2003) in 50 mm x 50 mm. Thickness-swell shrinkage tests were conducted in accordance with the standard BS EN 317:1993, and fire resistance was tested under PS 1-19 standard. The use of 20% DAP and SS solution on jabon wood using impregnation methods affected some of the properties of the panels, especially the moisture content, density, and bonding strength of LVL and LVB compared to the control panels. Both DAP and SS impregnation increased the density. The treatments showed promise for resisting fire, as well as increasing the moisture content and increasing the density compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil palm plantations in Indonesia have prompted the need for technology to utilize nonproductive oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). This study was aimed to collect information on the quality of oil palm trunk veneer modified using SRF impregnation from oil palm bark extract. The impregnant was synthesized by copolymerizing resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) on palm bark extract (S). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), PyrolysisGas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the oil palm resorcinol formaldehyde (SRF) resin. The SRF-impregnant material was used to improve the oil palm veneer's density, thickness, swelling, stiffness, and strength. The results of the DSC analysis showed that the SRF resin was thermoset. The SRF-impregnated palm veneer could increase the veneer density by 20%, lower thickness swelling below 25%, and increase the modulus of rupture (MOR) by over 10% and modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and modified grain orientation of LVL (LVB) are composite products made from veneer that are predicted to replace construction timber. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of LVL and LVB of mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), manglid (Manglietia glauca), and gmelina (Gmelina moluccana) and to compare their characteristics. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of LVL and LVB generally meet the standards for use in construction. Differences in the properties of LVL and LVB occurred in the properties of hardness and screw tests, while the other properties were similar. The parallel fiber direction was better in terms of adhesive strength, while the compaction density was slightly higher than LVL. The LVL flexural strength was better than LVB in flat and edge test directions. This difference correlates with the adhesive strength in the shear strength test due to the different orientation of the fiber directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear walls. This study aims to determine the behavior of shear wall panel cross-laminated-timber-based mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd) (CLT-mangium) in earthquake-resistant prefabricated houses. The earthquake performance of CLT mangium frame shear walls panels has been studied using monotonic tests. The shear walls were constructed using CLT-mangium measuring 2400 mm × 1200 mm × 68 mm with various design patterns (straight sheathing, diagonal sheathing/45°, windowed shear wall with diagonal pattern and a door shear wall with a diagonal pattern). Shear wall testing was carried out using a racking test, and seismic force calculations were obtained using static equivalent earthquake analysis. CLT-mangium sheathing installed horizontally (straight sheathing) is relatively weak compared to the diagonal sheathing, but it is easier and more flexible to manufacture. The diagonal sheathing type is stronger and stiffer because it has triangulation properties, such as truss properties, but is more complicated to manufacture (less flexible). The type A design is suitable for low-intensity zones (2), and types B, D, E1 and E2 are suitable for moderate-intensity zones (3, 4), and type C is suitable for severe-intensity zones (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global agreements mandate the international community, including Indonesia, to commit to reducing the risks and impacts of climate change. Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) will contribute to the achievement of the Convention's goals by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing climate resilience. This commitment must be supported by a wide range of actions, including the use of timber. Despite the fact that wood contains carbon, limited information is currently available on the size of the wood utilisation subsector's contribution to reducing GHG emissions. More research is needed on the magnitude of wood products' contribution to climate change mitigation. This study assessed the amount of carbon stored in wood used as a building material. Purposive sampling was used to select the cities with rapid housing development surrounding Jakarta's capital city, i.e., the Bekasi District, East Jakarta City, Depok City, and Bogor District. The amount of carbon stored in wood was calculated according to EN 16449:2014-06 and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) analysis. Results show that wood is currently only used in door frames, door leaves, window frames, shutters, and vents. The carbon stored on the components ranges from 450 to 680 kg (average of 554.50 kg) in each housing unit, according to the EN 16449:2014-06 calculation. The weight range is between 130 and 430 kg (average of 400.42 kg) according to EDX/S carbon analysis. With an increase in housing needs of 800,000 units per year, this amount has the potential to store 0.44 million tons of carbon over the lifespan of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]