Search

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of eugenol on histopathological changes and oxidative stress caused by torsion/detorsion in the ovary of adult female rats. In this study, forty-eight female Wistar rats were classified into six groups; Sham and 2 healthy group receiving 30, 60 mg/kg eugenol; ovarian torsion/detorsion; and 2 experimental groups receiving 30, 60 mg/kg eugenol. After ten days, the plasma levels of oestrogen, testosterone, and some oxidative stress markers were assessed. also, the histomorphometric study was performed. A marked degenerative changes in the TD group was observed (

One of the types of catabolic processes in cells is autophagy, which maintains cell homeostasis. It is also known as a defense response to oxidative stress. This study aimed to track the autophagic activity of testicular tissue in mature and immature rats in 3 conditions: (1) physiologic, (2) under increased pressure in the tunica albuginea compartment following the induction of testicular torsion, and (3) decompression of this compartment by flap technique.This study was performed on 72 Wistar rats divided into 3 mature and 3 immature groups, each of the groups including Sham group, testicular torsion induction group for 6 hours (Torsion Detorsion), and testicular torsion induction group for 6 hours, followed by the flap technique.In the physiologic state or Sham, autophagic indices (LC3, Beclin-1) are active, and more activity was observed in mature rats, compared with immature ones, which indicated the activity of this process during development and maturity. In the Torsion Detorsion group, significant expression of autophagy and apoptosis indices (caspase3) was observed along with the degradation of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. It seems that in this state, the activation of autophagy leads to programmed death and is in line with apoptosis. Finally, in the flap technique group, an increase in the expression of autophagy indices was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of apoptotic indices and improved spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.Decompression of tunica albuginea by flap technique can activate of autophagy process to save tissue function and eliminate stress caused by testicular torsion.

Background: Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains are a major public health challenge worldwide, especially in specialized burn hospitals. Infections caused by S. aureus account for more than 50% of burn-related deaths. Objectives: Since data on characteristics of these isolates are not sufficient, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to analyze the distribution of biofilm, and adhesion encoding genes among S. aureus strains isolated from burn patients in Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: A total of 83 S. aureus strains were collected from burn wounds of patients admitted to a referral burn center in Tehran for 10 months. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility of isolates was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Strains were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of nucA, mecA, ebps, cna, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, and clfB genes. Results: The highest frequency of resistance was found to cephalexin and cefoxitin (87.9%), followed by clindamycin (75.9%), erythromycin (72.3%), and ciprofloxacin (60.2%). Five resistance patterns were identified in which cephalexin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin had the most predominant resistance profile (36.1%). Biofilm gene detection indicated a markedly high prevalence of cna (74.7%), clfB (54.2%), clfA (50.6%), fnbA (42.1%), ebp (13.2%), and fnbB (12%). Six different biofilm genetic patterns were identified, wherein clfA, clfB, fnbA, ebp, and cna (30.1%), clfA, clfB, fnbA, fnbB, ebp, and cna (12%), and clfA, clfB, and cna (8.4%) were the top three most frequently identified patterns. Conclusions: The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes, which are associated with multidrug resistance in S. aureus strains isolated from burn patients, is high. Therefore, identification of epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of S. aureus infection in burn units would be helpful.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and a significant contributor to economic and societal cost. There has been a worldwide increase in infections related to S. aureus especially with those expressing a multi-drug resistance that makes the management of the infections difficult. In the current study, it is aimed to investigate the coa gene polymorphism, prevalence, resistance and virulence pattern in S. aureus strains. A total of Ninety-five clinical S. aureus strains were investigated in the study. Antibiogram analysis was done by disk diffusion test method except for vancomycin and mupirocin (broth microdilution). Methicillin resistance was determined by using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test and subsequently PCR of the mecA gene was done. Inducible resistance to clindamycin was identified by D-test. The genetic background was characterized by coagulase typing. The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 67.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate for MRSA isolates was higher than MSSA (87.5% vs 77.4%). Intermediate resistance to vancomycin in S. aureus (VISA) was detected in 11.6% of strains which all were MRSA and isolated from intensive care unit (ICU). Resistance to mupirocin was confirmed in 30.5% of strains which of these 34.5% and 65.5% exhibited resistance to mupirocin in high and low level respectively. The overall prevalence of cMLSB, iMLSB, and MS phenotype was 45.3%, 23.2%, and 3.1% respectively. Both iMLSB and cMLSB phenotypes predominated in MRSA strains. A total of seven coa type were found in this study. coa type II was the most prevalent type (44.2%). Isolates of coa type II had higher detection of pvl and tst genes than those of other types identified. The MRSA-coa II expressed the greatest MDR while coa IVb and VIII were susceptible to all applied antibiotics. Present data revealed that spreading seven coa types of S. aureus with a high prevalence of VISA strains which is a serious threat in our region. Our study supported careful monitoring of vancomycin treatment to prevent the further spread of VISA and VRSA strains.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been considered as one of the most common endocrine diseases among the females in their regenerative age with a prevalence range of 5 to 21. However, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Galega officinalis on metabolic as well as hormonal parameters in a rodent model of PCOS. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar female rats were used (n=8/group) in the study consisting of healthy control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were divided into 3 subgroups, including rats with PCOS which received no treatment (G1), PCOS group in which G. officinalis extract was administered daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg/orally (G2) for 2 weeks, and PCOS group in which G. officinalis extract was administered daily at a dose of 400 mg/kg/orally (G3) for 2 weeks. In all experimental groups, a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate led to inducing PCOS. After the end of treatment period, rats in all of the studied groups were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (5/1 mg/kg), then the blood samples obtained and their serum samples were applied for testing the fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, aromatase, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and estrogen. The ovaries of rats were removed and fixed for histopathological examinations. Results: The serum levels of FBS, insulin, LH, FSH, and testosterone significantly increased in G1 in comparison to healthy rats (P < 0.05), while they were all significantly decreased in the treated groups received G. officinalis extract compared to rats affected by PCOS (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum level of estrogen and the serum activity of aromatase were both significantly decreased in G1 in comparison to healthy rats (P < 0.05), while in treated groups, they were significantly increased compared to G1 which received no treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of follicles in ovaries affected by PCOS decreased, while both concentrations of G. officinalis extract could prevent this phenomenon. Conclusions: It seems that the extract of G. officinalis has a beneficial effect on the levels of the LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol, aromatase, FBS, and insulin in alleviating the complications of PCOS. © 2018 The Author (s).

Objectives: This experimental study used a rat model to investigate the effect of Matricaria chamomilla (MC) extract on histological damage and oxidative stress induced by torsion/detorsion in adult rat ovary. Materials and Methods: In our experimental study, 28 female Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into 4 groups; G1, Sham group; G2, Ovarian torsion for 3 hours followed by detorsion 10 days (TDO); G3, Ovarian torsion for 3 hours and then received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extracts of MC, 30 minutes before detorsion, followed by detorsion (10 days) (TDOMC); G4, received 200 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of MC. After the 10-day reperfusion period, blood sampling was done and blood levels of estrogen, testosterone, some oxidative stress markers and anti-oxidant enzymes were assayed. Further assessment was carried out by histomorphometry on 10-day postprocedure. Results: Comparison of the histological parameters showed a significant change in the G2 group as compared with other groups. The levels of estrogen, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly decreased in G2 group, and increased in G3 and G4 groups, and the malondialdehyde level increased in the duration of ischemia. Treatment by MC decreased the malondialdehyde level in G3 and G4 groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that MC could reduce oxidative stress and tissue damages following ovarian torsion/detorsion.

Aim of the study The aim was to investigate the protective effect of vitamin C on tissue damage and oxidative stress following tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage for testicular torsion. Materials and methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups. The first group experienced 5h of testicular torsion followed by treatment with vitamin C alone, with tunica vaginalis flap coverage alone, and with both vitamin C and tunica vaginalis flap coverage along with a control group subjected to a sham procedure. The second group experienced 9h of testicular torsion followed by the same treatment options as described for the 5h group. The oxidative stress and testosterone levels were measured 24h posttreatment. The Johnsen score, diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium were recorded 30days following the treatment. Results The Johnsen score, diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium significantly increased in the 5h testicular torsion group receiving treatment with vitamin C and tunica vaginalis flap coverage compared with the group receiving tunica vaginalis flap alone. The level of testosterone decreased significantly in all groups except for the 5h testicular torsion group receiving treatment with vitamin C and tunica vaginalis flap coverage. The MDA level also decreased in the group receiving treatment with vitamin C and tunica vaginalis flap coverage compared with the group receiving tunica vaginalis flap coverage alone. Conclusions The results showed that the histological parameters and testosterone levels improved with the administration of vitamin C before tunica vaginalis flap coverage in the group experiencing 5h of torsion. This may be a result of the antioxidant effect of vitamin C. No advantage was observed for the 9h group, possibly because the dosage of vitamin C was inadequate.

Background and Aim: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTN) is one of the high-risk forms of pregnancy that requires a lot of attention in terms of research studies, considering its incidence and the importance of the disease in advanced form. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and clinical procedure of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease from 2001 to 2002. Method of Study: This is a retrospective descriptive study, which was carried out on 150 patients with trophoblastic disease. These patients’ files were obtained from Shohadaye Kargar and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals and women’s oncology offices of Yazd city. The patients were contacted one by one and their disease situation was determined. The data obtained were recorded in a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. Result: The results indicated that the average age of the patients was 27.65 ± 8.22 with variations in age ranging from 15 to 35 year. In addition, majorities were in the age group of 20 to 40 years. 43.2 percent of the women were affected during their first gestation. 4% had molar gestation record, and 9.4% had positive family record. Mean time of survival was 93.38 ± 0.62 months (MIN ± SE), and only one died owing to chemotherapy complication. Vaginal bleeding (90%) was the most common symptom. 54.6 percent of the disease had complete mole, 30% had incomplete mole, 8.6% had invasive mole, 4.6% had choriocarcinoma and 2% had placenta site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Among the patients studied, 28.7% were benign in GTN group while 71.3 % were malignant in the GTN group. The malignant patients were divided into three groups per risk, and 41.2% were in the high-risk group. There was theca-lutein cyst in 54% of the patients, which had a significant relationship with the disease risk of persistent GTN. Conclusion: Choriocarcinoma and invasive mole is the most malignant pathology. There was significant relationship between disease interval and the beginning of chemotherapy, and theca lutein cyst and persistent GTN.

This study was designed to determine the effects of daily oral administration (250 mg/kg) of the hydroalcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora (FP) for 14 days on the sperm parameters, oxidative stress parameters, serum testosterone levels, expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes, and apoptosis index of germ cells after testicular torsion-detorsion (ischaemia-reperfusion, IR) injury model in rats. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of seven each: sham operation, torsion-detorsion (TD), TD plus the hydroalcoholic extract FP (TDFP) and only FP without TD application (FP). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a counterclockwise direction; then, after 4 hr, detorsion was performed. The Johnson's score, mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and height (thickness) of seminiferous tubule epithelium (HST) were significantly increased in TDFP and FP groups as compared to TD group. The gene expression of Bcl-2, level of serum testosterone hormone and antioxidant parameters-GPx and SOD-were significantly higher in TDFP and FP groups than TD group. The index of apoptosis, the gene expression of Bax and the level of MDA were significantly higher in TD group than TDFP and FP groups. Therefore, F. parviflora could decrease oxidative stress induced by testicular torsion-detorsion.

Summary Objective This experimental study used a rat model to investigate the effect of a tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage on tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by testicular torsion and its relationship with the duration of ischemia. Materials and methods The test animals were divided into the following groups: G1, sham procedure; G2, testicular torsion for 1, 5, or 9 h followed by detorsion; G3, testicular torsion for 1, 5, or 9 h followed by detorsion using flap technique. Testicular torsion was induced by 720° counterclockwise rotation of the left testis. After the period of torsion, the flap technique was employed for detorsion. The oxidative stress and testosterone levels were measured at 24 h post procedure. Further assessment was carried out by histomorphometry at 30 days post procedure. The histological parameters included the Johnsen score, diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and thickness of seminiferous tubule epithelium. Results The histological parameters in the G2 group showed a significant change in relationship with the duration of ischemia. In the G3 group, flap coverage improved the histological parameters only for the 9-hour torsion subjects. The levels of testosterone, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in all subgroups of G2 and G3, and the malondialdehyde level increased as the duration of ischemia increased. Flap coverage decreased the malondialdehyde level only in the 9-hour torsion subjects. Conclusions Flap coverage reduced tissue damage as the duration of ischemia increased. The findings of the rat model suggested that a tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap might have provided a protective effect in long-term ischemia. Download : Download high-res image (186KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure .