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Research has been conducted on the malic enzyme reaction. The substrates for this reactions have been identified and characterized with respect to the reaction catalyzed and reaction's kinetics and the results have been compared to those observed with L-malate.

Research has been conducted on the (-)-lepadins A, B, and C. The synthesis of these lepadins has been carried out via (S)-malic acid and the methodology of this synthesis based on the intramolecular hetero-Diel-Alder reaction of the acylnitroso compound is discussed.

The role of malolactic fermetation at low pH values in Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 220 was determined. The results show that malolactic degradation provides energy which protects the organism against cell death at acidic environmental pH values. This protective system functions by the formation of a (delta)pH, generating ATP. Moreover, the system was not sensitive to N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide since ATPase is not involved in the generation of the (delta)pH.

The growth response and energetics of Veillonella parvula during growth on succinate and other cosubstrates were studied. The results showed that fermentation on succinate and malate or lactate could increase V. parvula growth yields by 2.4 to 3.5 grams per mole of succinate. The reactions were catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, without the formation of net ATP. The detailed stoichiometries of the reactions are presented.

Research has been conducted on mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme from Ascaris suum. The authors have investigated kinetic activation mechanism of this enzyme via the use of the steady-state kinetic approach, and have described the results.

Research has been conducted on the malic acids that found application in the chiral compound synthesis. The regioselectivity of the O-acetymalic anhydride reaction with carbanions has been investigated and the results are presented.