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Introduction: The placement of implants in atrophic bone has always posed a challenge to the clinicians in terms of good surgical and esthetic results. The placement of implants palatal to the alveolar crest in maxilla allows maximum use of the available bone in patient with severe bone resorption. Objective: To evaluate the quantitative changes in crestal bone levels in palatally positioned two-piece endosseous implants in maxillary posterior region. Materials and methods: Ten Adin (TouaregTM) – root form, threaded collar, two-piece, endosseous, internal hex implant were placed palatally in atrophic posterior maxilla. 25o abutments were used in four patients and 15o abutments were used in remaining six patients out of ten so as to achieve a proper esthetic appearance. Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone was done on on mesial side (Group I) and distal side(Group II) of implant at the time of implant placement, after3 months (time of implant loading) andafter 6 months (3 months post loading). Result: Among Group I (crestal bone level evaluated on mesial side using RVG), three months post implant placement showed the highest Crestal Bone Loss i.e. 0.66±0.070 mm and immediately post implant placement evaluation showed the least value i.e. 0.04±0.07 mm which was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Among Group II (crestal bone level evaluated on distal side using RVG), three months post implant placement evaluation showed the highest Crestal Bone Loss i.e. 0.66±0.070 mm and immediately post implant placement evaluation showed the least value i.e. 0.04±0.07 mm which was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion : The mean Crestal Bone loss at the end of 3 months post implant placement observed was 0.29mm and at the end of 6 months post implant placement observed was 0.66mm.The effect of tilting the implants palatally by 15 to 25 degrees did not considerably influence the Crestal Bone Levels around the implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic liner, silicon dioxide based liner, and glass-ceramic interlayer on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a commercially available veneered zirconia block and to study fractographic behavior of the samples using universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM). Setting and Design: In vivo - comparative study. Materials and Methods: 60 samples were fabricated from VITA (vita zahnfabrik. Bad sackingen, Germany) zirconia discs. Samples were divided into 4 groups with 15 samples each. First is the control group, second is lithium disilicate glass-ceramic liner group, third is silicon dioxide based liner, and fourth is glass-ceramic interlayer group. SBS of samples was recorded using universal testing machine. Samples were further analyzed for fractographic behavior using SEM. Statistical Analysis Used: One Way ANOVA test, and Chi-Square test. Results: The intergroup comparison of mean SBS (Mpa) was done using the post hoc Bonferroni test. The mean SBS (Mpa) was significantly more among lithium disilicate and glass-ceramic interlayer groups in comparison to silicon dioxide-based liner group. Fractographic analysis was done using the Chi-square test. Conclusion: It was concluded that maximum SBS was obtained for lithium disilicate liner. Maximum adhesive failures were found with lithium disilicate liner, and silicon dioxide-based liner group showed cohesive failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyze the changes in gingival health in patients treated with probiotic containing mouth rinse. Thirty volunteers between 20 and 35 years were randomly divided into two groups. While one group was given placebos, the other was given probiotic mouth rinse for 14 days. The volunteers were instructed to swish the mouth rinse for 60 s twice a day. Intergroup comparison of the plaque scores (baseline-14 days) showed there was statistically significant difference in the mean plaque scores between the placebos group (0.14) (P ≤ 0.05) and the test group (0.42) (P ≤ 0.05) and a statistically significant difference in the mean gingival scores from baseline-14 days between the placebos group (0.9) (P ≤ 0.05) and the test group (0.38) with (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the short period for which the probiotics mouthwash was used by the patients, substantial improvement in gingival health of patients was observed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was the aim of this study to quantify the gain in height of bone at implant sites by endoscopically controlled osteotome sinus floor elevations (ECOSFE) with simultaneous implant placement and to report the number of sinus membrane perforations. An indirect sinus lift was done in 10 patients under endoscopic control with an osteotome technique. The average residual height of the alveolar crest in the posterior maxilla was 5.625 mm. Elevation of the sinus floor was done using conventional sinus floor elevation instruments. A mean elevation of 5.205 mm was achieved. Twenty implants ranging in length from 10 mm to 13 mm (mean implant length 10.65 mm) were placed. As augmentation material, platelet-rich fibrin and autogenous bone were used. The sinus membrane could be visualized throughout the procedure and revealed no perforation. This technique is a safe and well-controlled procedure that allows immediate implant placement following sinus augmentation. It is more acceptable to patients, and can be applied to any implant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Denture hygiene is of utmost importance to maintain the dentures as well as the underlying tissues in appropriate health. Various denture cleansers as well as denture-based materials have evolved in the market; however, the effect of denture cleansers on different types of denture-based materials has not been very well documented., Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the surface roughness in heat-cured denture-based resin and injection-molded resin system as affected by two commercially available denture cleansers for a period of 15, 30, and 45 days., Methodology: A standardized metal die was fabricated to make 120 denture-based resin discs of uniform dimensions. The samples of heat-cured denture-based resin and injection-molded thermoplastic denture-based resin were immersed in the two denture cleansing solutions for a period of 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. The surface roughness was evaluated by surface profilometer TR200. The data were subjected to statistical analysis and the comparison of quantitative data was done using unpaired t -test and repeated-measures ANOVA test., Results: The surface roughness values (Ra) of heat cured denture base resin samples when immersed in two denture cleansers were 0.22 μ m at 0 days, 0.27 and 0.29 μ m at 15 days, 0.29 and 0.31 μ m at 30 days, 0.30 and 0.31 μ m at 45 days whereas for injection moulded samples surface roughness values were 1.31 & 1.27 μ m at 0 days, 1.46 & 1.66 μ m at 15 days, 1.50 & 1.69 μ m at 30 days, and 1.50 & 1.69 μ m at 45 days., Conclusion: The surface roughness (Ra) increased significantly in injection-molded polyamide denture-based resin samples when immersed in both the denture cleansers. Whereas, heat-cured denture-based resin samples did not reveal any significant surface changes at the various time intervals. Hence, the use of denture cleansers is questionable in thermoplastic resins., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: With the advent of new provisional crown materials, it has become imperative to evaluate their marginal fit and strength to select the ideal provisional crown material., Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the vertical marginal fit and flexural strength of provisional crowns prepared using computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) temporary material versus those fabricated using bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material., Materials and Methods: Eighty samples were divided into two equal Groups (I and II). Group I consisted of forty samples that were evaluated for flexural strength and Group II consisted of forty samples that were evaluated for their vertical marginal fit. Group I was subdivided as Group IA, i.e., bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material (Protemp™ 4) blocks and Group IB, i.e., CAD/CAM provisional material blocks. Similarly, Group II was subdivided as Group IIA, i.e., bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material (Protemp™ 4) crowns and Group IIB, i.e., CAD/CAM provisional material crowns. Marginal adaptation was evaluated using stereomicroscope and image analyzing software to measure the amount of marginal gap. For flexural strength, all specimens were subjected to a standard compression load in the universal testing machine until fracture occurred. Data were analyzed using Student's t -test ( P = 0.001)., Results: CAD/CAM provisional crowns showed better marginal adaptation (34.34 μm) as compared to bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material (Protemp™ 4) crowns (63.42 μm) ( P < 0.001). The flexural strength of CAD/CAM blocks (94.06 megapascals [MPa]) was not statistically different from bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material (Protemp™ 4) blocks (101.41 MPa) ( P > 0.001)., Conclusion: Protemp™ 4 and CAD/CAM provisional materials have comparable flexural strength. However, the marginal fit of temporary crowns fabricated by CAD/CAM was found to be superior to the ones fabricated using bis-acrylic composite-based autopolymerizing resin material (Protemp™ 4)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.