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The large study on Salmonella spp. in the population of wild boars from twelve hunting estates in the South-West Vojvodina, Serbia was conducted with the aim to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in wild boars and to trace Salmonella sources. The hunting estates had similar epidemiological characteristics, i.e. lowland regions with an intensive management system of wild boars. The prevalence of Salmonella in wild boars was determined and the examination of molecular similarities of strains isolated from wild boars and domestic animals (pigs and poultry from nearby farms) was performed. The total number of 425 wild boars (25.3% of total population), shot on official hunts, were sampled (425 feces and 425 mesenteric lymph nodes samples) and examined by standard ISO protocols. Subtyping of the isolates was performed and compared by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The Salmonella prevalence in the fecal samples was 3.1% and in the lymph nodes was 0.2%. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most dominant serotype. A high molecular similarity was found between Salmonella isolates from wild boars and domestic animals. The proximity of communities and domestic animals, as well as improper removal of animal waste were identified as important epidemiological factors which significantly affect the epidemiology of Salmonella in wild boars from lowlands.

The scale of the modern economic crisis has refuted theories of a linear and self-regulating market. Adam Smith's "invisible hand" turned out to be nothing but a myth which served the purpose of maintaining the monopoly. In pursuit of alternative interpretations, we have decided that this paper should investigate the scale of crisis in the world and how major powers respond to it, as seen through Kondratiev long wave theory. Initially, we present the basic theoretical presumptions, to which we added modern sociological interpretations. This section is followed by explanations of socio-technological factors which are crucial for the intervals of long waves. Finally, we give a general presentation of the relationship between major powers and their future geocultural strategies: This paper aims to fathom the mechanisms of structurally conditioned crises and to indicate the need to apply Kondratiev long-wave theory when creating highest-level strategic documents.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disease which begins due to selective damage to motor neurons. The disease begins as spinal (spinal cervical, spinal lumbosacral and spinal thoracic form) and bulbar form. The diagnosis is set by using revised El Escorial criteria. Aim: Aims of the paper were determining demographic characteristics of ALS patients, category of the disease and functional disability of patients using Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical histories of ALS patients, which were diagnosed at the Clinic of Neurology of the University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, were examined. Demographic characteristics, initial form of the disease, category of disease (using revised El Escorial criteria), functional disability (using ALSFRS-R) and dia-gnostic delay were analyzed. Results: This study included 30 patients, 20 (67%) were male, 10 (33%) were female. The ALS began at 57 ± 12 years, and average diagnostic delay was 10 months. The disease started as a spinal form in 26 (87%) patients, out of which 13 (43%) had spinal cervical, 12 (40%) spinal lumbosacral and 1 (3%) spinal thoracic form of disease. The initial bulbar form was reported in 4 (13%) patients. The average ALSFRS-R score was 33,5. Patients with a spinal lumbosacral form of the disease had statistically significant lower score of ALSFRS-R (p = 0.048) which indicates bigger functional motoric disablement, compared to other forms of disease. Low values of ALSFRS-R are correlated with more accurate diagnosis, according to the revised El Escorial criteria. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that ALS is more frequent and occurs earlier in men. The disease most commonly started as spinal cervical form. Patients with spinal lumbo-sacral form of the disease had significantly lower values of ALSFRS-R which indicates a faster progression of the disease. As patients acquire lower ALSFRS-R scores and greater disability, they progress to the definite ALS category.

In a world divided by irreconcilable ideological differences into the capitalist West and the socialist East, Yugoslavia itself has, since the early fifties, faced a permanent choice between two options, on the borderline between those two opposing blocs. Coerced by political circumstances, the country's leadership had chosen its own path into communism, formulated through the idea of worker self-management that secured the belief among the people of Yugoslavia that they did not belong to either of the sides divided by the iron curtain. Although it was initially promoted as an expression of authentic Marxism, these unique political projects inevitably lead to an increasing openness toward the western world. The reduction of central government control over the economy, opening of borders, freedom of movement inside and outside the country, freedom of companies to trade abroad, permissible limited private property etc. allowed for easier access to elements of a consumer society that were coming from the West. Getting closer to the western world, as a cultural and an economic process, in the early 1960s also became a subject of Yugoslavian cinematography, which had after a string of years of partisan films begun to deal with modern (urban) life. Through an anthropological analysis of the most popular domestic films made during that period, such as: Zajednicki stan, Nema malih bogova, Ljubav i moda and Na mesto građanine pokorni, in this paper I observe how ideological dilemmas concerning the first experiences of abandoning 'pure' socialism and the gradual acceptance of consumerism manifested in society (just prior to the economic reform of 1965.), the vision of some future society that came to exist and the encounter with the taste of its values and lifestyle (the appearance of market mentality where new rules become important - competition and a fight for personal interest, individualism opposed to collective socialist solidarity etc.). [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177026]

Background/Aim. Introducing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has essentially changed curative approach, to be precise, clearly improved treatment efficacy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thus, the place and usage of allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) in CML treatment - as a former "nearly monopolistic" therapeutic manner - is nowadays controversial. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results obtained in the treatment of CML patients, with a particular attempt to define parameters critical for clinical benefit and superior overall outcome following allogeneic SCT. Methods. A total of 32 CML patients (27 in chronic phase and 5 with advanced disease), with female/male ratio 11/21, aged from 9 to 54 (32 in average) years, underwent allogeneic SCTs (1993 to 2009). The initial treatment for 25 patients was interferon alpha (IFN-α) with or without ARA-C, and additional 7 patients with no response to imatinib mesylat (IM). The time from diagnosis to SCT was approximately 12 (range 3- 37) months. The patient were categorized according to the risk for the disease, transplant-related mortality (TRM) scoring system, and stem cell (SC) source. The basic conditioning regimen was a combination of busulphan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy-2). Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was typically prevented with cyclosporine-A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX). Results. Engraftment was observed in 26 (84.4%) patients, with polymorphonuclear (PMNs) and platelet (Plt) recovery on the 15th (range 10-22) and 19th (range 11-29) posttranspalnt days, respectively. Acute GvHD (aGvHD) had 13/26 (50%), and chronic GvHD (cGvHD) 10/21 (47.1%) patients. The incidence of overall TRM was 46.8% (15/32), while early death was noticed in 4 (12.5%) patients. A cause of death in 9 (28.1%) patients was cGvHD, in 2 (6.25%) patients infection, and in 3 (9.35%) cases disease-relapse was occurred. Fourteen (43.7%) of the patients are still alive, 9 from the low-risk group for TRM, with long-term survival from 1 to 16 years. Patients who received SCs from peripheral blood (PB) vs bone marrow (BM) had significantly faster engraftment (p < 0.05), lower oropharingeal mucositis rate (25% vs 70%; p < 0.05), but more frequent cGvHD (83.3% vs 30.3%; p < 0.05). A significantly improved (log-rank = 2.39; p < 0.01) overall survival (OS) was obtained in BM-setting. Conclusion. The results obtained in this study are in accordance with data from analogous clinical trials. Exactly, in the era of the new target therapy (TKI application), allogeneic SCT can be still a convenient therapeutic approach for well-selected CMLpatients, especially for those with initial high-risk disease and lower probability of TRM.

The paper analyzes the effect of different doses of nitrogen and planting density on grain yield in nine winter wheat varieties and one variety of triticale. All these varieties have been created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. It was found that all three individual factors: variety, planting density and the amount of applied nitrogen had a significant impact on yields. Also, the interaction of variety/sowing density had a highly significant effect on yield, while the other interaction effects were not statistically significant. The highest yield was obtained in cultivar NS-40S, and was significantly higher than the of other varieties. On average for all varieties tested, highest yield was obtained when fertilizing with 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen, but was significantly higher only in comparison to the control variant. The highest yield was obtained at densities of 500 germinated seeds per m2, but not statistically significantly different than the yield obtained at 300 and 700 germinated grains/m2. The lowest yield was obtained at the highest planting density of 900 germinated grains/m2.

Background/Aim. Peripheral blood (PB) is used more frequently as a source of stem cells (SCs) for allogeneic transplantation. However, the influence of cell source on the clinical outcome of SC transplantation is not yet well established. The aim of this study was to compare the results of PBSC transplantation (PBSCT) with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on the basis of engraftment, frequency and severity of immediate (mucositis, acute Graft versus Host Disease - aGvHD) and delayed (chronic GvHD - cGvHD) complications, as well as transplant-related mortality (TRM), transfusion needs, relapses and overall survival (OS). Methods. We analyzed 158 patients, women/men ratio 64/94 median age 29 (range 9-57), who underwent allogeneic SC transplantation between 1989 and 2009. All included patients had diseases as follows: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) - 39, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) - 47, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) - 32, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) - 10, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) - 2, multiple myeloma (MM) - 3, granulocytic sarcoma (GrSa) - 3, severe aplastic anemia (sAA) - 22. The patients underwent transplantations were divided into two groups: BMT group (74 patients) and PBSCT group (84 patients). Each recipient had HLA identical sibling donor. SCs from bone marrow were collected by multiple aspirations of iliac bone and from PB by one “Large Volume Leukapheresis” (after recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, rHuG-CSF) application (5-12 μg/kgbm, 5 days). Conditioning regimens were applied according to primary disease, GvHD prophylaxis consisted of combination of a cyclosporine A and methotrexate. Results. Engraftment, according to the count of polymorphonuclear and platelets, were significantly (p < 0.001) faster in the PBSCT vs BMT group. The needs for transfusion support were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the BMT group. Those patients had more frequently oropharingeal mucositis grade 3/4 (33.3% vs 10.0%, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of aGvHD and cGvHD between the two groups. The patients who underwent PBSCT had more frequently extensive cGvHD in comparison with the BMT group (29.1% vs 11.29%, p < 0.05). SC source (SCS) had no significant influence on the TRM (21.62% vs 23.8%, p = 0.64) and the incidence of relapses (21.6% vs 29.7%, p = 0.32). Finally, the patients treated by BMT had a significantly better OS (logrank 2.33, p < 0.05). Conclusion. SCs harvesting from PB resulted in improved cell yield, faster engraftment, as well as in a decrease of immediate transplantation related complications with a reduced treatment cost. Allogeneic PBSCT were associated with more frequent extensive cGvHD, while the influence of SCS in TRM and relapses was not observed. Finally, the longterm OS was better in the patients treated by BMT. To verify impact of SC source on transplantation (PBSCT vs BMT) overall efficacy, more larger randomized clinical studies are needed.

The anti-Chinese protests that were organized throughout European cities fol­lowing the route of the Olympic torch from Athens to Beijing, and the conflicts that erupted with strong emotions on both sides between the protestors and the Chinese citizens, will without a doubt remain a lasting memory of the 2008 Olympic games. Regardless of these protests' justified motives, there is a visible paradoxical role-switch in the scenes that circled the globe for months: the Olympic torch and Olympic idea, were being defended by China as a highest value and the source of their own past and identity, and attacked by the people (Europeans) on whose land that very idea had been created and nurtured for over a hundred years. How should these contradictory images be understood? How did it come to this that the Chinese view themselves as the keepers of the Olympic tradition, that the pride of the Chinese nation, focused in that flame, gets hurt in attempts of European protestors to put it out? The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, were one of the echoes of a centuries' long Western European fascination with the Antique. This phenomenon of the Antique admiration has brought about a redefining of the European civilization's past, the abandoning the biblical narrative and the gradual creation of a secular story that we call modern history, in which Greece and Rome have become the main references of origin. The same process influenced the formation of national states that perceive, apart from their own histories, a collective cultural origin in Ancient Greece. Of course, the Galls, Francs or Germans had little in common with ancient Greeks; but modern European nations unite this fictional image of the Antique with the firm belief that it is the source of their cultural identity. For instance, not only did the 18th century French and English believe that they originated from ancient Greece but they managed to successfully 'sell' that story to modern Greeks, and later the entire world. In that sense, it is impossible not to see a parallel with China today. As it adopted the Western model in almost every respect during the course of its development, starting with accepting the communist ideology in the early stages of its westernization, and then liberal economy, and finally the Olympics, China has implicitly adopted the European identity narrative. Critics, on the other hand, fail to see the magnitude of the discrepancy that this country with such a rich tradition has made towards the West in the last several decades. To the (still living) arrogant European colonial state of mind it goes without saying that China should want to be 'like us' and accept the Olympic tradition. This same arrogance fails to ask itself if, for instance, He Kexin's Olympic gold medal in gymnastics is a victory for China or for the West.

It is without doubt that the 2008 Olympic Games in Peking will be remembered as the most grandiose, most spectacular and most expensive sport manifestation ever organized. Ratings are uniform: it will be very difficult to attain a standard posed by Peking in any recent time. Again, through the organization of this manifestation, China resurfaced as a powerful, wealthy and modern country, ready for the challenges of the 21st century. However, a shadow is cast upon China, in spite of its economic power, due to the country's autocratic political system. China's lack of democracy, human rights and liberties and position of minorities have provoked a harsh criticism among the Western countries, reflected at the time when China was granted Olympic games for 2008. Since then, the criticism continues especially directed at the decision of the Olympic committee, with several calls to boycott the Games itself. Anti-Chinese rallies were intensified this spring, when the Olympic torch started its way from Greece to Peking. Thousands of demonstrators worldwide- defenders of the Tibet's freedom- have tried to stop the carriers of the torch, trying to put out 'the eternal flame' and disable its route to the final destination. The torch has changed its route many times in order to deceive the protestors and takeover was also a subject to change and many manipulations. In any case, the broadcasted scenes of conflict between the demonstrators and Chinese official escorts and citizens, charged with emotions at both sides, will remain as a recall of the Olympic Games 2008 for a long time. Regardless of the possible justified cause of this protest, in the worldwide broadcasted scenes for many months there was a totally paradoxical change of roles: the Olympic flame, as well as the idea, China has defended as its own, as a highest value and also as a source and holiness of its own past and identity, while the Europeans, on whose territory that same idea and values were once created, attacked fiercely those same notions. How are we to understand these contradictory images? How it came about that China experience itself as heiress of the Olympic tradition and how it happened that the pride of the Chinese nation concentrated in the flame, be hurt by the attempts of the European demonstrators to put it out? Modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, presented itself as one of the echoes of centuries' long fascination of the Antique era experienced by the Westerners. This phenomenon of the Antique admiration has brought about a new redefinition of the European past and civilization ranging from abandoning Biblical story and gradual building of the secular one which we came to call modern history. In that modern history, Ancient Greece and Rome became the two main references about origin. The same process has lead to formation of national states, which, besides making their own national history, had in common the perceived joint origin in the Ancient Greece. Of course, Gauls, Franks or Germanics had very little in common with the ancient Greeks; the common characteristics of the modern European nations are precisely the invention of the Antique images and a firm belief in it as a source of the cultural identity. For instance, the French and British have believed, at the end of the 18th century, they could trace their origin back to the Ancient Greece; in addition, they have managed to successfully 'sell' the story to the modern Greeks and afterward to the rest of the world. In this sense, it is not possible not to see the parallel with the modern China. Adopting the Western model in almost everything, from communist ideology as its first phase of westernization, to liberal economy, and finally to Olympic Games, China implicitly adopts the European story on origin. Critiques however, do not clearly see the range of this discrepancy that the country with such rich tradition has made in the last several decades toward the West. An arrogant colonial European mind holds it understandable that China accepts the Olympic tradition, since it wants to 'look like us'. This same arrogance fails to question, for example, if a golden medal in gymnastics that He Kexin won at this Games, is a victory for China or the West.

Wheat cultivars have been studied for the effect of different rates of N fertilizer on their gluten content and its rheological properties, extensibility and adhesiveness. Four cultivars were found to possess HMW-GS 2+12, another four HMW-GS 5+10. It was observed in all cultivars that wet gluten increased in parallel with N rate increase. The cultivars reacted specifically regarding extensibility and adhesiveness. Libellula, a cultivar with poor bread making quality, did not react to the different N rates. Sremica, a cultivar with excellent bread making quality, reduced its gluten quality as the N rate increased. .

This paper presents features of a new variety of winter six-rowed barley Atlas created at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, which was released in Serbia in 2005 and in Bosnia and Hercegovina in 2009. It belongs to a group of early varieties. In Serbian Varietal Release Committee trials the yield of variety Atlas was 347 kg/ha higher than the standard, while heading was three days earlier. This variety has moderately large grains and 1000-kernel weight of 35-37 grams, test weight of 72-75 kg/hl and a high protein content of over 14% cm. Variety Atlas would be sown at the beginning of October with a planting rate of approximately 350 viable seeds per square meter. It is recommended to be grown on moderately fertile soil, since its performance is weaker on soils of lower quality. .

Among other things, intensification of process of European integrations has imposed the need for realization and strengthening of common European cultural identity, that is for creating a new set of values, which would be common to all European citizens and which would be the basis for their permanent feeling of community and an experience of belonging to Europe as a common area. What are the chances of such a project since, on one hand, Islam is appearing in Europe as a religion that does not know secularity and, on the other hand, an important part of European inhabitants is showing the rise of anti-immigrant and , especially, anti-Islamic feelings, opposition to the presence of foreigners, fear of majorization and the loss of one's own identity and the values of European culture? The existing conflict with Islam is, most often, described as a conflict between secularized West where religion is a matter of private choice and religious (primarily Islamic) world where religion is regulating every aspect of life. However, innumerable examples all around us (starting with the fact that the time is counted according to the Christian calendar, Christian holidays and iconography, Biblical myths, moral codes, architecture, toponims-to mention only few) constantly reminds how much Christianity (primarily as a cultural tradition) is strongly present in the lives of the secular Europeans, how much is that secular context in fact permeated with Christian story. Vestiges of that past, which are all around us, are not in fact perceived as a Christian story - in meeting with European secularism such recognition comes only to "others" to whom that story is not familiar. On what premises then can such a common forum be created on which all would really feel equally at home? In this work I will try to consider possible directions in which, considering the existing circumstances, Europe could move in search of the new common denominator. Since nations, according to the nature and the sense of the idea itself of Europe without borders, can not figure as elements of cohesion (multiethnicity, turning towards market laws, obligatory decrease of sovereignty of national states towards, etc.), there are two logical possibilities: 1) Strengthening of Christian identity, that is returning to the previous paradigm, which is for Europe Christian paradigm - hence Christianity as new/old collective identity, 2) An attempt to de-fine a new type of plural secularism, that is, to establish secular society of non-Christian type that would be inclusive also for members of other, non-Christian cultures.

The Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy began after twelve editorial cartoons, most of which depicted the Islamic prophet Muhammad, were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on September 30, 2005. The newspaper explained that this publication was a contribution to debate regarding criticism of Islam and self-censorship. In response, Danish Muslim organizations held public protests and spread knowledge of Jyllands-Postens publication. As the controversy grew, some or all of the cartoons were reprinted in newspapers in more than fifty other countries, which led to violent protests, particularly in the Muslim world. Critics of the cartoons describe them as islamophobic and argue that they are blasphemous, intended to humiliate a marginalized Danish minority, and a manifestation of ignorance about the history of western imperialism, from colonialism to the current conflicts in the Middle East. Supporters of the cartoons claim they illustrate an important issue in an age of Islamic extremist terrorism and that their publication is a legitimate exercise of the right of free speech. They also note that similar cartoons about other religions are frequently printed, arguing that the followers of Islam were not targeted in a discriminatory way. The dispute has again pointed out to the relevance of religion and religious differences in the contemporary world. Again, several questions presented themselves as significant: citizen freedom, values and the rights to exercise them, secularism, tolerance, multiculturalism majority-minority relationships and so on. The resolution to these issues appears as of the outmost importance, considering the existing tendencies of united Europe to even more firmly establish cultural, economic, and political associations, in order to launch a one, joined European identity with vanishing national, ethnic and religious differences. Therefore, the question becomes: what could serve as a foundation for such a united identity? The reactions to the idea of "united Europe" that provoked rising nationalism xenophobia, and resistance towards immigrants in general show that a construction of the identity of this kind represents a very complicated undertaking, with still blurred ending. This paper, thus, discusses basics misunderstandings between "Euro-enthusiastic" and the ones who worry about their own national identity, and points out to the existence of some intrashared values that could serve as a foundation for a future, united European identity.

Field experiments with 3 winter wheat (Triticum, aestivum. L); Lasta, Sremica and Pobeda was applied nitrogen (rate N) as follows: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg Nha-1 from 2000 to 2002. The varieties differed in their biological and production characteristics as well as in technological quality. The analyzed samples belonged to the international ISDV (Internationale Stickstoff Dauer Versuche) stationary field trial established at the Rimski Šančevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Improvement of end use quality in winter wheat depends on thorough understanding of the influences of environment, variety, and their interaction. Grain protein content (GPC), sedimentation value (SED), energy dough, Hagberg falling number (HFN) and bread crumb quality number were measured. Highly significant differences were detected among the environments (A), rate N (B) and varieties (C) for each of the quality variables. Both variety (V) and environment (E) had a significant effect on quality traits. Significant Vx E interactions indicated that quality trait evaluations must be undertaken for environments. The most influence on protein content and sedimentation value have been climatitic condition. According to lot of environment influence on falling number and dow energy the main part of variance it is genotype and phenotype variability. .

This paper discusses the doggedness of Orthodox Christianity in a present-day Serbia. Although the existing Constitution guarantees the separation of church and the state, the Serbian Orthodox Church has significant influence on political and social issues. In fact, backed by the top echelon of the government, prevailing Orthodox attitudes have acquired the status of a national ideology, affecting in this way many spheres of public life. Indeed, Church influence appears to be so profound and its authority so unquestionable, that many analysts rightly claim that Serbia is increasingly turning towards radical clericalism. In this paper I examine Orthodox Christianity as a national ideology in the public life. The main question posed is: what is the impact of glorified principles, founded on traditional values of patriarchal-tribal society, on collective identity among Belgrade youth? Based on research conducted among senior students in two Belgrade schools, I was able to survey ways in which a polarization on a social plane reflects the moral choices of these young people. A special segment of the paper is dedicated to the collision of female identities: that thought in religious courses and other forums for „getting close to the faith“ on the one hand, and modern female identity shaped in the secular context, on the other.

Afield trial was carried out with eight cultivars (Libellula, Drina, Sremica NSR-2, Jugoslavija, Somborka, Lasta and Pobeda) of winter wheat (Trticum aestivum L) representing several different periods in our country's wheat selection and having different potentials for technological grain quality. Six different rates of nitrogen fertilizer were tested: 0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kgNha-1. Increasing N fertilizer rates resulted in a linear increase of the direct and indirect indicators of quality. The best results were obtained with the cultivar Sremica and the poorest with Lasta, while Jugoslavija and Pobeda were shown to be of approximately the same quality. The contribution of N fertilizer variance to total variance was the largest for protein content (43.7%). N nutrition had a greater influence on protein content in cultivars from the earlier periods of selection. Its effect on sedimentation value, on the other hand, was greater in the recently released cultivars. The contribution of the genetic factor to total variance was the highest for crumb value number (CVN) (58.7%) and bread volume yield (44.2%) and the lowest for protein content (20.8%). The absence of significant differences in the CVN means at any of the N nutrition levels studied resulted from the variability of the indirect indicators closely linked with the direct indicators of baking quality, showing the importance of N nutrition for maintaining the stability of technological quality in winter wheat cultivars.

This paper is based on original research in two Belgrade elementary schools the subjects were boys and girls from senior grades. These boys and girls were asked to answer a few questions about their future professions; that is, how do they imagine their lives in the future. More than half of the questioned girls expressed the desire to become models, actresses, singers or to be involved in some similar occupations from the world of entertainment. Their dreams about their future life totally exclude professions that require hard studying and serious academic preparation. The girls showed no interest in so-called "serious" occupations or, as a matter of fact, in traditional female jobs and roles. Boys, on the other hand, have various and diverse plans and dreams concerning their future occupations. In brief, the girls put emphasis on professions where the body and its appearance count, while the boys emphasize everything else. This paper is an attempt to answer the question of why it is that the majority of girls on the doorstep of adolescence see the fulfillment of their dreams in such a stereotyped, narrow frame of glamour and physical attractiveness. The paper points out to the existence of pop-culture patterns that so greatly influence the daily lives of these young girls, through media, school and public life in general. In such pop-culture that broadcasts a "Cover Girl" image, images that could encourage girls' other ambitions and interests almost do not exist.

This paper casts a light on some aspects of the complex process of social maturing among teenage girls in Belgrade. In order to do so, paper traces the girls’ attitudes toward school, boys, appearance, popularity as well as their future expectations. The paper discusses the ways in which girls today’s adapt to the role of adult young women.

In this paper we presented the principles of performance of radionuclide therapy, its adverse effect, together with mentioned complications obligation to use it only according to directions and the success of the therapy, which is seen through the length of a patient's survival rate. All types of thyroid malignancies are primary cured surgically, by the total or near-total thyreoidectomy, together with lymph node dissection of the neck and with a long-term suppressive- therapy or only substitutive L-thyroxin therapy. Radionuclide therapy is used only for the types of thyroid malignancies where a radionuclide was detected, beta emitter which is distinguished by its selective entering into the primary tumor and metastatic tissue. This therapy is used for patients with differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). By the means of 131-I we additionally cure patients with DTC, by MIBG-131-I we treat patients with MTC, but we also try to cure this malignancy by the specific monoclonal antibodies, marked by 131-I or 90-Y, which is still a part of clinical trial studies. It is very likely that the radioimmune therapy will be the means of cure for malignant thyroid lymphoma (MLT), since this therapy is successful in healing the lymphomas in other locations.

Background: This study was performed with aim to analyze differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in patients staged as pathological T4 (pT4), related to the DTC patients staged as pT1-pT3. Methods: 267 patients staged as pT1-pT4 were treated in a period from 1977 to 2000, and followed until the end of 2001. Out of the total number, 117 patients were staged as pT4, 49 patients as pT3, 78 patients as pT2, and 23 patients as pT1. All patients were treated surgically, by radioiodine and by hormonal therapy; some of them underwent external radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Results: We staged 36 male and 81 female patients. pT4: 98 patients with papillary carcinoma (PAP), and 19 patients with follicular (FOL) DTC. In pT4 stage regional metastases (N1) were found in 68 patients, distant metastases (M1) in 21 patients, and disease related lethal outcome occurred in 10 patients. In pT1 stage N1 were present in 21 patients, M1 in 2 patients, and lethal outcome in 2 patients; in pT2 stage N1 was present in 37 patients, M1 in 8 patients and lethal outcome in 5 patients; in pT3 stage N1 were present in 14 patients, M1 in 11 patients, and lethal outcome in 5 patients. Regional metastases of DTC patients were significantly more frequent in pT4 stage than in DTC patients staged as pT2 and pT3, but they were significantly more frequent in pT1 stage (p

Background: Aim of the study was to determine the frequency of regional nodal metastases (N1) of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC), to analyze the modes of treatment, course of disease, and outcome. Methods: In Department of Nuclear Medicine in Sremska Kamenica, 363 DTC patients were treated from 1977 to the end of 2000. Nodal metastases had 182 patients most of them were followed to the end of 2000. Methods: All patients with N1 were treated surgically (operation of thyroid gland was done in all patients, surgical treatment of lymph nodes in 80.2% of them), afterwards by radioiodine and long-life by hormonal therapy; external beam therapy was applied in 9.9% of patients, chemotherapy in 1.6% of patients. The range of follow-up was from 2 months to 24.2 years, the mean 4.7 years. Results Nodal metastases were detected first, before primary tumor, in 21.9% patients, and simultaneously in 63.2% patients. They appeared subsequently after detection and initial treatment of primary tumor in 14.8% patients the incomplete initial therapy in this subgroup of patients was more frequent than complete therapy (p

Background: Well-known fact is that the good surgical treatment, leaving only small residuals of thyroid tissue, is the outmost valid predictive factor of successful ablative radioiodine treatment. Assuming that all patients had state of the art surgical treatment, with this study we tried to evaluate other possible predictive factors of successful radioiodine therapy after total thyroidectomy. Methods: Total of 56 patients (15 males and 41 females mean age 43.37±13), operated during the year 2001 was evaluated. Due to differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid total thyreoidectomy was done in 7 with follicular and in 49 patients with papillary cancer. Forty-one patients received ablative 131 I dose (3.7GBq) and fifteen patients received therapeutic dose (5.55GBq) of radioiodine therapy. As possible predictive factors the TNM classification (T1, 6; T2, 17; T3, 4; T4, 28 and 24 with N0 and 32 with N1), the number of foci on whole body scan (WBS), and the serum level of thyroglobulin were statistically evaluated. One year after radioiodine therapy control WBS was done and successful outcome of the therapy was considered to be the WBS without visible accumulation of radioiodine and with low serum level of thyroglobulin. Results: Outcome of ablative radioiodine therapy was considered as successful in 55.4% patients and 44.6% of patients needed additional radioiodine therapies. Only the number of foci and the level of thyroglobulin showed statistically significant (p(0.05) influence on the outcome of applied radioiodine therapy. Conclusion: Significant influence of the thyroglobulin level and number of foci on the WBS in patients with total thyroidectomy could be explained by the fact that there were the signs of minimum thyroid residual tissue, and that there were no microscopic spread of disease.