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We study locally self-similar processes (LSSPs) in Silverman’s sense. By deriving the minimum mean-square optimal kernel within Cohen’s class counterpart of time–frequency representations, we obtain an optimal estimation for the scale invariant Wigner spectrum (SIWS) of Gaussian LSSPs. The class of estimators is completely characterized in terms of kernels, so the optimal kernel minimizes the mean-square error of the estimation. We obtain the SIWS estimation for two cases: global and local, where in the local case, the kernel is allowed to vary with time and frequency. We also introduce two generalizations of LSSPs: the locally self-similar chirp process and the multicomponent LSSP, and obtain their optimal kernels. Finally, the performance and accuracy of the estimation is studied via simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum metrology employs nonclassical systems to improve the sensitivity of measurements. The ultimate limit of this sensitivity is dictated by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. On the other hand, the quantum speed limit bounds the speed of dynamics of any quantum process. We show that the speed limit of quantum dynamics sets a fundamental bound on the minimum attainable phase estimation error through the quantum Cramér-Rao bound, relating the precision directly to the underlying dynamics of the system. In particular, various metrologically important states are considered, and their dynamical speeds are analyzed. We find that the bound could, in fact, be related to the nonclassicality of quantum states through the Mandel Q parameter., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Because of the intrinsic complexity, the classification of wounds is important for the diagnosis, management, and choosing the correct treatment based on wound type. Generally, burn injuries are classified as a class of wounds in which injury is caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. On the other hand, wound healing is a complex process, and understanding the biological trend of this process and differences in the healing process of different wounds could reduce the possible risk in many cases and greatly reduce the future damage to the injured tissue and other organs. The aim of this review is to provide a general perspective for the burn wound location among the other types of injuries and summarizing as well as highlighting the differences of these types of wounds with emphasizing on factors affecting thereof.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. The MDM2 and p53 are interacting proteins that play crucial roles in cell biology. Genetic variations of p53 and MDM2 have been identified in many cancers including CLL; among which are SNP309 in the promoter of MDM2 and SNP codon72 in p53. Materials and Methods: In this study, we sought to find the impact of two SNPs of p53 and MDM2 in the pathogenesis of CLL. A total of 100 CLL patients and 102 healthy controls were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. The allele and genotype associations were analyzed using the χ2 test. The gene-gene interaction analysis was studied using GMDR v0.9. Results: Our study found the absence of a significant difference between CLL patients and controls related to the allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions for both MDM2 SNP309 and p53 codon72. A significantly higher frequency of p53 C allele was found in patients with disease duration of more than 36 compared to those less than 36 months. However, GMDR analysis suggests genetic interaction between the genes under study. Conclusion: Our findings indicated each polymorphism of p53 codon72 and MDM2 (SNP309) was not a risk factor for CLL but the p53 C allele could be associated with the disease duration. Besides, the interaction between p53/MDM2 genotypes may confer susceptibility to CLL. Our study could be useful in genetic association studies of CLL and the role of gene-gene interactions in the susceptibility to the disease., (Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Wound healing process is a natural and intricate response of the body to its injuries and includes a well-orchestrated sequence of biochemical and cellular phenomena to restore the integrity of skin and injured tissues. Complex nature and associated complications of burn wounds lead to an incomplete and prolonged recovery of these types of wounds. Among different materials and systems which have been used in treating the wounds, nanotechnology driven therapeutic systems showed a great opportunity to improvement and enhancement of the healing process of different type of wounds. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the recent studies about the various nanotechnology-based management of burn wounds and the future outlook of these systems in this area. Laboratory and animal models for assessing the efficacy of these systems in burn wound management also discussed., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Recently, it was shown that quantum entanglement is an indispensable part of the duality behavior of light. Here we report a surprisingly intimate connection between the stereographic projection and the duality-entanglement nature of a single photon. We show that the duality-entanglement relation [Optica5, 942 (2018)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.5.000942] naturally emerges from the stereographic projection geometry. We demonstrate that this geometry is complementarity sensitive, in the sense that it is sensitive to the particle nature, wave nature, and entanglement nature of a single photon.

A harmonically driven cavity QED system consisting of two cavities and a two-level qubit is shown to enable the generation of a vast class of maximally entangled states suitable for measurements with a Heisenberg-limit precision. As one of its modalities, this system can serve as a quantum beam splitter, converting an |N〉 ⊗ |0〉 input into a maximally entangled N00N state (|N〉 ⊗ |0〉  +  |0〉 ⊗ |N〉)/[Formula: see text] at its output. A network of such quantum beam splitters is shown to provide a source of multimode N00N-type entanglement.

Mutations in certain genes have been suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is the most common leukemia in adults. In a case-control study, 100 patients with CLL and 105 healthy individuals were investigated for Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated ( Drosophila ) (NOTCH1) c.7544-7545delCT, recombinant splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) c.2098A>G, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) 40-bp insertion/deletion and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) L265P mutations by using allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), a designed AS-PCR, PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively. The presence of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations were confirmed by genomic DNA sequencing. The NOTCH1 mutation was detected in 10% of patients and not detected in the control group. A higher frequency of NOTCH1 mutation was detected in patients with stage III CLL (62.5%) compared with stages 0-II CLL (37.5%) (odds ratio, 4.69-fold; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-21.9; P=0.049). The SF3B1 mutation was observed in 12% of the patients compared with 1.9% of the controls (P=0.012). The presence of MDM2 polymorphism was not associated with the risk or the stage of the disease. In addition, the MYD88 L265P mutation was not detected in the patients or the controls. The current study established the frequency of NOTCH1, SF3B1, MDM2 and MYD88 mutations in patients with CLL from the Kurdish population of Western Iran. In summary, a high frequency of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations were identified in patients with CLL compared with healthy individuals, and the NOTCH1 mutation was associated with a high stage of the disease.

We derive a closed-form analytical expression for the linear entropy of a multipartite qutrit state, providing a quantitative measure for quantum entanglement within the class of n-mode nonorthogonal qutrit states with any n. Conditions for enhanced and maximum quantum entanglement of multipartite qutrit states are identified. The usefulness of the introduced multipartite qutrit states as quantum communication channel resources is analyzed. The Hamiltonians allowing for the generation of multipartite qutrit states can be attained by combining optomechanical cavities with sequences of tunable beam splitters.

A hybrid quantum device consisting of three ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVEs) whose spins are collectively coupled to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator is shown to enable the generation of controllable tripartite macroscopic entangled states. The density matrix of such NVEs can be encoded to recast a three-qubit system state, which can be characterized in terms of the entanglement witnesses in relation to the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. We identify the parameter space within which the generated entangled states can have an arbitrarily large overlap with GHZ states, indicating an enhanced entanglement in the system.