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In the history of option pricing, Black-Scholes model is one of the most significant models. In this paper, we present a new numerical strategy for valuing American option pricing problems governed by Black-Scholes model (BSM). Numerical computations are carried out to show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. We compare our numerical solution with the ones based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Enriched Finite Element Method (PUFEM). Our result shows the efficiency of the proposed strategy. In addition, that approach can be used to treat nonlinear evolutionary problems.

In this paper, we deal with topology optimization attributed to the non stationary Navier-Stokes equations. We propose an approach where we analyze the sensitivity of a shape function relating to a perturbation of the flow domain. A numerical optimization algorithm based on topological gradient method is built and applied to the 2D Tesla micro valve reconstruction. Some numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach.

This study investigates the effect of tin (Sn) addition on the corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite (HAP) coated Magnesium (Mg)/MgSn alloys by using two different coating methods. Mg/Mg alloys have gained significant attention in recent years due to their lightweight, high strength, and potential for use in a wide range of industrial applications. However, their corrosion properties during cathodic reactions with abundant hydrogen evolution have limited their widespread use, particularly in biomedical appli-cations. In this study, pure Mg, Mg2Sn, Mg3Sn, Mg4Sn, and Mg5Sn alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy method. Then samples were coated by two different methods, dip-coating and electro-deposition. Potentiodynamic polarization and hydrogen evolution reaction analysis were performed to evaluate the corrosion rate and the hydrogen volume released from the alloys. The results indicate that the addition of Sn does not significantly increase the corrosion resistance of MgSn alloys. However, the current density and hydrogen evolution of the alloys are apparently improved after the coating process. The better corrosion resistance was observed for the Mg with higher composition, which are Mg4Sn and Mg5Sn. Overall, the study demonstrates that coating HAP onto the surface of MgSn alloys is able to improve their corrosion behavior and suppress the hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of the MgSn alloys. This improvement in other ways will increase their potential for industrial applications specifically in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Despite numerous mentoring strategies to promote academic success and eligibility in medicine, Black students remain disproportionately underrepresented in medicine. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to identify the mentoring practices available to Black pre-medical students, medical students and medical residents, specifically the mentoring strategies used, their application, and their evaluation. Method Between May 2023 and October 2023, the authors conducted a literature review. Studies that described a mentoring strategy applied among Black learners were eligible for inclusion, and all years of publication were included. Two reviewers screened each article using the Covidence tool, and conflicts were resolved by a third author. All reviewers extracted the data to summarize the various mentoring practices. Results After screening 6292 articles, 42 articles met the criteria for full review. Of these, 14 studies were included in the study. Mentoring practices for Black students included peer mentoring, dyad mentoring, and group mentoring. Mentoring was typically offered through discussion groups, educational internships, and didactic activities. Evaluation of mentoring programs took into account (1) pass rates on medical exams (eg, MCAT, Casper), (2) receipt of an invitation to a medical school admissions interview, (3) successful match to a competitive residency program, and (4) a mentee's report of the overall experience and effectiveness of the program. Conclusion This review is the first, to our knowledge, to focus on mentoring strategies implemented among Black learners in medicine. The results will inform mentoring strategies adapted for Black learners and will therefore address the underrepresentation of Black students in medicine.

Background: Adolescence is a critical, multifactorial developmental phase. With the current pandemic of COVID-19, excessive using of electronic devices is a public health concern. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and the use of electronic devices among secondary school children in Jazan, Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study is an observational, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an anonymous online survey instrument. including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results: A total of 427 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in our study was 14.55%, 12.01%, and 15.55%, respectively. For the hours spent on electronic devices, 13.6% of participants spent 1-4 h, 43.6% spent 5-9 h, and 42.9% spent 10 h or more. 86.7% reported an increase in their use of electronic devices during COVID-19. The regression analysis revealed that the increase of Videogame Addiction Scale for Children is significantly associated with an increase in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores (p-value < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Electronic device use is a challenging issue among Saudi adolescents, and it has been associated with a negative impact on participants' mental well-being. The study found a positive correlation between electronic device use and increased prevalence of mental health issues. We also found significantly increased use of electronic device during the COVID-19 lockdown; hence, more mental issues were reported. It is obvious that electronic device use needs to be more controlled among adolescents. This can be achieved by involving those who are in this age group in other activities, like sports, which can reduce the time they spend on electronic device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]