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Background: Prostatitis is the third most common urologic condition affecting more than half the male population at some point in their lives. There are different categories of prostatitis, of which approximately 90% of cases can be classified under the National Institute of Health (NIH) type III category (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)) with no causative agents identified. CP/CPPS is associated with several symptoms, of which the most prominent being chronic pain. Despite its high incidence, pain management in patients with CP/CPPS has been poor, possibly due to the lack of understanding of aetiological factors and mechanisms underlying pain development. Methods: An extensive literature search of published articles on the molecular mechanisms of pain in CP/CPPS was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and https://scholar.google.com ). The terms used for the search were: prostatitis, pain mechanism in CP/CPPS, prostatitis pain models, acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPVs), purinergic channels (P2X) in prostatitis pain mechanism and inflammatory mediators in CP/CPPS. The papers were identified based on the title and abstract, and after excluding the articles that did not emphasize the pain mechanism in CP/CPPS. Ninety-five articles (36 review and 59 original research papers) met our criteria and were included in the review. Results: A number of inflammatory mediator molecules and pain channels, including ASICs, transient receptor potential vanilloid channels (TRPVs) and P2Xs have been investigated for their role in prostatitis pain pathology using various animal models. Conclusion: This review summarizes the pain mechanisms in CP/CPPS focusing on the inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitters, pain-transducing ion channels and small animal models developed for studying prostatitis.

The anthropological composition of the population buried at the cemetery of the Scythian Age near Svitlovodsk city (Kirovograd region) is analyzed in the paper. The burial ground is located on the border of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of the Right Bank of the Dnieper. The anthropological material under study comes from cemetery without mounds. Archaeologists date the main massif of burials to the 4th century BC. The anthropological composition of the population that was buried at this burial ground was not homogenous. The male series of skulls is characterized by a long, medium-wide, high, dolichocranic skull. The face is of medium size, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is medium, but with a tendency to the sharp; at the middle level, the face is strongly profiled. The orbital and nasal indexes are medium. The bones of the nose are moderately protruding. The average characteristics of the male population fit into the range of variations of the Scythian series. The male series belongs morphologically and statistically to the circle of the steppe Scythian groups. The male group from the burial ground near the city of Svitlovodsk is close to the series from the Nikolaevka burial ground on the Dnister River, the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Shirokoe (Left Bank of the Dnieper River), the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Vyshchetarassivka, a series of skulls from the Mykhailivka burial ground. Of the forest-steppe series, only the combined group of skulls from the Trypillya region is somewhat close to it. All these statistically and morphologically similar groups originate from different territories. This illustrates the specifics of the settlement and demonstrates the mobility of the Scythian groups. The female series from the burial ground is characterized by a long, narrow, medium-high skull, mesocranic in shape. The size of the face is small, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is moderate, at the zygomaxilar level it belongs to the category of sharp, but with a tendency to moderate. The orbital index is medium, the nasal index belongs to the large category. The bones of the nose are medium protruding. The female series from Svitlovodsk burial ground turns out to be the most gracile among the Scythian series in Ukraine. For this reason, it differs significantly from the entire massif of the steppe Scythian series. The closest to the Svitlovodsk series is a group from mounds near Nikopol.

We present quantitative evidence that the mita introduced by the Spanish crown in 1573 caused the decimation of the native-born male population. The mass baptisms after the conquest of Peru in 1532 resulted in the assignation of surnames for the first time. We argue that past mortality displacement and mass out-migration were responsible for differences in the surnames observed in mita and non-mita districts today. Using a regression discontinuity and data from the Peruvian Electoral Roll of 2011, we find that mita districts have 47 log points fewer surnames than non-mita districts, and fewer surnames exclusive to one location.

Objective: To establish the normative ultrasound values of tendons of rotator cuff muscles in local healthy male population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Malir, from Oct 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: The sample of study was 456 shoulders of 228 patients. All the patients went under ultrasound shoulder in standard positions. Data analyzed with statistical analysis program (‘Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” version 23). Results: In right dominance the mean thickness of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and biceps tendons were tendon 4.63 ± 0.45 mm, 3.90 ± 0.73 mm, 4.55 ± 0.74 mm and 3.55 ± 0.54 mm respectively. The acromio-humeral interval was 12.63 ± 2.005 mm. In left dominance the mean thickness of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and biceps tendons were 4.88 ± 0.69 mm, 4.17 ± 0.63 mm, 5.04 ± 0.26 mm and 3.62 ± 0.45 mm respectively. The acromio-humeral interval was 13.65 ± 2.98mm. Conclusion: The study showed that there was insignificant difference between the dominant and non-dominant shoulders.

Purpose: To define the characteristics of vitreoretinal surgeries amid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted for vitreoretinal surgeries during the 10-week period (during this period, all elective surgeries were postponed across the country by the order of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health) in a single tertiary referral hospital in Ankara, Turkey. The number of surgeries, surgical indications, risk factors, etiological factors, and associated conditions were investigated and compared with the clinical features of the patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery in the same period of the recent year. Results: During this period, vitreoretinal surgery was performed more commonly for the male population (P < 0.001). The number of vitreoretinal surgeries was statistically significantly correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases (P = 0.006 and r = −0.791 for weekly numbers of new surgeries and cases, and P < 0.001 and r = 0.929 for cumulative numbers of surgeries and cases). Diabetes mellitus in 26 patients (32.9%) was the most common systemic comorbidity. The most common indication for vitreoretinal surgery was rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 44 patients (55.7%) followed by diabetic retinopathy complications in 21 patients (26.6%). No one was operated on for vitreoretinal interface disorders during this period, and the rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was higher than the same period of the recent year (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Amid COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Turkey, the number of vitreoretinal surgeries was inversely associated with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The male population needed more vitreoretinal surgery, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was the most common indication for all patients.

Актуальність. Рак щитоподібної залози (РЩЗ) є найбільш поширеною пухлиною ендокринних залоз. Проблема РЩЗ в Україні вийшла далеко за межі наслідків Чорнобильської катастрофи й характеризується зростанням захворюваності на цю патологію. Мета: вивчити захворюваність на РЩЗ у Він­ницькій області. Матеріали та методи. Прослідковано динаміку РЩЗ за останні 30 років (1986–2015 рр.) у жителів Вінницької області. Результати. Аналіз частоти РЩЗ за 30-річний період свідчить про постійний ріст цієї патології, особливо за останні 10 років. Захворюваність у дочорнобильський період перебувала в межах 1,0–1,2 випадку на 100 тис. населення, у перші 10 років після аварії вона виросла до 2,2–2,8 випадку на 100 тис. населення, у 2001–2005 рр. зросла до 4,4–5,5 випадку на 100 тис. населення, а в останні роки становила 9,9–11,3 випадку на 100 тис. населення. При порівнянні захворюваності в області з республіканськими даними виявлено, що показники в області більш високі, ніж загалом по Україні, але значно менші порівняно з регіонами, які найбільше постраждали внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС (Київська область, м. Київ). По області спостерігається значне превалювання захворюваності жінок порівняно з показниками чоловічого населення. При аналізі динаміки захворюваності на РЩЗ у різних вікових групах статистично вірогідних розбіжностей не отримано. Висновки. Проведені дослідження структури захворюваності на РЩЗ серед жителів Вінницької області виявили значний ріст числа хворих серед дорослого населення. Рівень захворюваності в області перевищує республіканські показники й має тенденцію до збільшення, превалюють високодиференційовані форми, що мають малоагресивний перебіг, переважно в жінок, у солітарних вузлах, менших від 20 мм, що повинно викликати онконасторогу при виявленні цих хворих., Актуальность. Рак щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) является наиболее распространенной опухолью эндокринных желез. Проблема РЩЖ в Украине вышла за рамки последствий Чернобыльской катастрофы и характеризуется ростом заболеваемости этой патологией. Цель: изучить заболеваемость РЩЖ в Винницкой области. Материалы и методы. Прослежена динамика РЩЖ за последние 30 лет (1986–2015 гг.) у жителей Винницкой области. Результаты. Анализ частоты РЩЖ за 30-летний период свидетельствует о постоянном росте этой патологии, особенно за последние 10 лет. Заболеваемость в дочернобыльский период колебалась в пределах 1,0–1,2 случая на 100 тыс. населения, в первые 10 лет после аварии она выросла до 2,2–2,8 случая на 100 тыс. населения, в 2001–2005 гг. выросла до 4,4–5,5 случая на 100 тыс. населения, а в последние годы составляла 9,9–11,3 случая на 100 тыс. населения. При сравнении заболеваемости в области с республиканскими данным выявлено, что показатели в области более высокие, чем в целом по Украине, но значительно меньше по сравнению с регионами, которые наиболее пострадали в результате аварии на ЧАЭС (Киевская область, г. Киев). По области наблюдается значительное превалирование заболеваемости женщин по сравнению с показателями мужского населения. При анализе динамики заболеваемости РЩЖ в разных возрастных группах статистически достоверных различий не получено. Выводы. Проведенные исследования структуры заболеваемости РЩЖ среди жителей Винницкой области обнаружили значительный рост числа больных среди взрослого населения. Уровень заболеваемости в области превышает республиканские показатели и имеет тенденцию к увеличению, превалируют высокодифференцированные формы, которые имеют малоагрессивное течение, преимущественно у женщин, в солитарных узлах менее 20 мм, что должно вызвать онконастороженность при обнаружении этих больных., Background. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common tumor of the endocrine glands. The problem of thyroid cancer in Ukraine went far beyond the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster and is characterized by increasing morbidity of this pathology. Objective: to study the morbidity of thyroid cancer in Vinnytsia region. Materials and methods. The dynamics of thyroid cancer for the last 30 years (1986–2015) among the residents of Vinnytsia region was assessed. Results. The analysis of thyroid cancer rate for 30-year period shows its steady growth, especially for the last 10 years. The morbidity in the pre accident period ranged 1.0–1.2 cases per 100 thousand population; the first 10 years after the accident, it grew up to 2.2–2.8, in 2001–2005 it increased to 4.4–5.5 cases per 100 thousand population, and in recent years 9.9–11.3 cases per 100 thousand population. When compared morbidity in Vinnytsia region with the republic data, these indicators in region are more higher than in the whole Ukraine, but much less than in the regions most affected by the Chernobyl disaster (Kyiv region, city of Kyiv). In the region the morbidity significantly prevails among women compared to the male population. The analysis of the dynamics of thyroid cancer rate in different age groups did not demonstrate statistically significant differences. Conclusions. The researches of thyroid cancer structure among the residents of Vinnytsia region showed a strong growth of the diseases rate in adult patients. The level of the region morbidity exceeds republican date and tends to increase, with highly differentiated forms prevail which are characterized by mildly aggressive course, mostly in women, in solitary nodes less than 20 mm. That should arouse oncologic alertness in these patients.

Objective To establish a rapid, cost-effective, accurate, and acceptable osteoporosis (OP) screening model for the Chinese male population (age ≥ 40 years) based on data mining technology. Materials and methods This was a 3-year retrospective cohort study, which belonged to the sub-cohort of the Chinese Reaction Study. The research period was from March 2011 to December 2014. A total of 1834 subjects who did not have OP at the baseline and completed a 3-year follow-up were included in this study. All subjects underwent quantitative ultrasound examinations for calcaneus at the baseline and follow-ups that lasted for 3 years. We utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to select feature variables. The characteristic variables selected in the LASSO regression were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression (MLR) to construct the predictive model. This predictive model was displayed through a nomogram. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate model performance and the bootstrapping validation to internally validate the model. Results The predictive factors included in the prediction model were age, neck circumference, waist-to-height ratio, BMI, triglyceride, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, osteopenia, smoking history, and strenuous exercise. The area under the ROC (AUC) curve of the risk nomogram was 0.882 (95% CI, 0.858–0.907), exhibiting good predictive ability and performance. The C-index for the risk nomogram was 0.882 in the prediction model, which presented good refinement. In addition, the nomogram calibration curve indicated that the prediction model was consistent. The DCA showed that when the threshold probability was between 1 and 100%, the nomogram had a good clinical application value. More importantly, the internally verified C-index of the nomogram was still very high, at 0.870. Conclusions This novel nomogram can effectively predict the 3-year incidence risk of OP in the male population. It also helps clinicians to identify groups at high risk of OP early and formulate personalized intervention measures.

Bladder cancer (Bca) is the second most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system in Chinese male population with high potential of recurrence and progression. The overall prognosis has not been improved significantly for the past 30 years due to the lack of early theranostic technique. Currently the early theranostic technique for bladder cancer is mainly through the intravesical approach, but the clinical outcomes are poor due to the limited tumor-targeting efficiency. Therefore, the targeting peptides for bladder cancer provide possibility to advance intravesical theranostic technique. However, no systematic review has covered the wide use of the targeting peptides for intravesical theranostic techniques in bladder cancer. Herein, a summary of original researches introduces all aspects of the targeting peptides for bladder cancer, including the peptide screening, the targeting mechanism and its preclinical application.

Over the past decades, life expectancy in Hong Kong has been increasing steadily. However, the gender gap in life expectancy has experienced a comparatively high level of plateauing state. Based on data from the Human Mortality Database and the official statistics, an age- and cause-decomposition method was used to analyze contributions of main age groups and major causes of death to the gender gap over the period 1986–2016. The results showed that a female-advantage in the mortality among those aged 25 years and above was mainly responsible for the male–female gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong. In consideration of major causes of death, lower female mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly malignant neoplasms, and pneumonia at older age groups, was the major contributor to the female-favored life expectancy. Public efforts to reduce excess mortality rates from non-communicable diseases and pneumonia among older male population may help narrow the gender gap in life expectancy in Hong Kong.

Zhanglei Mu,1 Yanjun Gao,2 Kun Li,1 Hualong Liu,3 Jianzhong Zhang1 1Department of Dermatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Fuping Hospital Affiliated to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Fuping Hospital Affiliated to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianzhong ZhangDepartment of Dermatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-88325472Email rmzjz@126.comPurpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) among hospital staff and compare it with the general population in dermatology.Subjects and Methods: We carried out the study in a secondary hospital in China. We conducted face-to-face interviews with hospital staff and the outpatients and their accompanying persons (general population) visiting the dermatology clinic of the hospital. The severity of AGA was evaluated using the Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig classifications.Results: There were 297 subjects in the hospital staff (105 men and 192 women) and 318 subjects in the general population (109 men and 209 women). The prevalence of AGA among male and female staff was 42.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and the corresponding rates among general male and female population were 27.5% and 8.1%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of AGA between female staff and general female population. Among male staff, type IV was the most common type of hair loss (17.1%), and type IVa and type Va were the least common (1.0%). Among female staff, type I (6.3%) was the most common type of hair loss, and type III and male pattern hair loss were the least common (1.0%). A positive family history was found in 53.3% of male and 44.0% of female staff with AGA.Conclusion: The prevalence of AGA in the male staff was higher than that in the general male population.Keywords: androgenetic alopecia, China, prevalence, hospital staff

Introdução: Agravos à saúde ocasionados por causas externas incluem, tanto agravos oriundos de determinantes acidentais, quanto intencionais. Sendo multifatorial, encontra-se como uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, com destaque na população jovem, economicamente ativa e do sexo masculino. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento em bases de dados secundários nacionais acerca da morbimortalidade no Brasil por causas externas descrevendo possíveis tendências por faixa etária entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, ecológico, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em base de dados secundários. Resultados: Os dados revelaram consideráveis valores de taxas e morbimortalidade por causa externas gerais no Brasil. Dando destaque às agressões; acidentes de transporte e lesões autoprovocadas voluntariamente, em espacial entre a população jovem. Conclusões: Frente aos possíveis impactos do agravo em estudo, nos âmbitos da saúde e economia, entende-se que devem ser investigados aspectos específicos acerca das localidades e das diversas variáveis envolvidas que elucidem necessidades singulares importantes para o planejamento em âmbitos loco regionais já que cada agravo pode ter comportamento diferente nos distintos territórios.

Introdução: A síndrome de Guillain Barré, uma polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória aguda, resulta frequentemente em comprometimentos graves de muitas estruturas e funções corporais, com consequentes limitações de atividades. Esse estudo se propôs a observar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados e diagnosticados com a síndrome nos hospitais públicos do DF, a fim de cooperar para a melhor tomada de decisão clínica e com políticas públicas a favor da melhor conduta para esses pacientes. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados da plataforma pública “Sala de Situação” em pesquisa realizada no dia 20/02/2020 com CID G61.1 (síndrome de Guillain-Barré) na aba atenção hospitalar / AIH do ano de 2009 até 2019. Resultados: Foram encontrados 377 casos de internação; os três anos com maiores frequência de forma descendente foram 2018, 2009 e 2016, respectivamente; as maiores frequências acumuladas foram em março e agosto; o pico de faixa etária se encontrou entre os 30-44 anos; e a população masculina possuiu maior frequência de internações pela síndrome. Conclusões: Segundo o estudo, podemos traçar, através de dados secundários, um perfil epidemiológico de internação para pacientes internados com a síndrome de Guillain-Barré condizente com a literatura consolidada. Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, polineuropatia desmielinizante inflamatória aguda, hospitais públicos

The work is devoted to the dynamics of morbidity and prevalence of chronic cystitis among the male population of Ukraine for 10 years (2008–2017). The primary documents were the reported forms of official statistics. The special feature of the study was a comparative analysis of two periods of five-years. The approach was justified by the possibility to trace the nature and intensity of changes, and was also of interest in terms of known territorial changes in the country. It was found that among the total number of registered as well as first-time patients with chronic cystitis in Ukraine, a quarter of them were men. Over the years there has been a decrease in the number of cases. At the same time its rate among the latter is lower than among those registered, which is more pronounced in the last five years. This finding may suggest that the situation is likely to change in the near future towards an increase in the number of cases among men. The first three places in the number of men with chronic cystitis are occupied by the Southeastern, Western, Southern regions. The incidence and prevalence rates (per 100,000) among men are half as high as the corresponding rates among the adult population as a whole. The values of the latter have been decreasing over the years, while the incidence rate increased between 2013 and 2017. Each region has its own peculiarities, which are manifested both by the levels of width in the regions which make up their structure and by the nature of their dynamics. The first identified men with CC usually accounted for one quarter of the total number of cases. Each region is distinguished by the number of first-time offenders. The situation in Ukraine is defined by the Southeastern, Southern regions and Kiev, where the rates are higher than the Ukrainian average and aer increasing.

Pendahuluan: Hiperplasia prostat jinak atau BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) merupakan sebuah diagnosis histologik yang merujuk kepada proliferasi jaringan epitel dan otot halus di dalam zona transisi prostatika. BPH diderita oleh sekitar 18 – 25% laki-laki dengan usia di atas 40 tahun dan lebih dari 90% laki-laki dengan usia di atas 80. BPH dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup seseorang secara signifikan sehingga diperlukan pilihan terapi yang tepat untuk membantu kehidupan pasien BPH. Metode: Tulisan ini dibuat dengan penelusuran literatur (literature review) dari panduan praktik klinis, literatur ilmiah, situs web, dan buku teks terbaru dan terpercaya mengenai topik BPH. Pembahasan: Terdapat tiga tipe kelompok tatalaksana, yaitu terapi konservatif, medikamentosa, dan pembedahan. Pemilihan terapi dilakukan dengan memulai dari pilihan yang paling tidak invasif terlebih dahulu dengan tujuan peningkatan kualitas hidup. Meski sulit dicegah, beberapa tindakan preventif dapat dilakukan, seperti pemilihan obat-obatan yang tidak menimbulkan BPH lebih awal, pelaksanaan gaya hidup sehat dengan tidak merokok, berolahraga, penjagaan berat badan, dan pengaturan pola diet seimbang. Simpulan: BPH merupakan kondisi yang sangat prevalen pada populasi laki-laki lanjut usia. Meski tidak mematikan, kemampuan BPH yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien secara signifikan membuat pasien memerlukan pilihan tatalaksana yang tepat.

The Aral Sea ecological disaster zone affects the health status of the population living in this zone. Biochemical parameters are indicators of the metabolic functionality of the body. The article presents data about the biochemical parameters of blood plasma in the male population living in the ecological crisis zone of the Aral Sea region. It is shown that when determining the majority of indicators of biochemical analysis within the physiological norm, there is a significant percentage of people with deviations in these indicators. Such data make it possible to assume about the factors that can affect the entire population and have massive manifestations. Certainly, these factors, include the negative impact of the environment on public health. An increase in gamma — glutamyltransferase was found in 41 % of the subjects, an increase in cholesterol in 38 % and an increase in triglycerides in 34 %. In the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, a correlation was found between the biochemical parameters of blood serum from the dose of chemicals. It was shown that long-term chemical load in the crisis zone of the Aral Sea region causes a deviation of protein metabolism. The results obtained indicate a significant percentage of people with metabolic stress in the process of adaptation to high chemical load.

Introduction: The main aim of our study was to assess the role of prostate specific antigen in Indian males and to determine its correlation with insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: For this study, 62 male subjects of 40-65 years having metabolic syndrome were selected. Body mass index, fasting blood sugar, serum prostate specific antigen, serum fasting insulin and insulin resistance were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis and Annova test. Results and Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between body mass index and prostate specific antigen, body mass index and insulin resistance, prostate specific antigen and triglyceride, prostate specific antigen and high density lipoprotein, and prostate specific antigen and fasting blood sugar. Keywords: Body mass index, Insulin resistance and Obesity, Prostate specific antigen.

El presente texto pretende una aproximación al cliente masculino del sexo de pago y a las retóricas que se despliegan en el espacio público, acerca de su relevancia respecto de la trata de seres humanos, en el contexto sociocultural y político español. La metodología empleada se basa en el análisis crítico de fuentes secundarias, estudios e investigaciones científicas de carácter empírico que se han venido publicando en España en los últimos años, así como otros recursos documentales. Los resultados obtenidos revelan, en primer lugar, las dificultades para caracterizar de forma diferencial al cliente respecto del resto de la población masculina. En segundo término se exponen algunas evidencias de una retórica criminalizadora de los clientes, en un contexto general de penalización del trabajo sexual, en base a opciones ideológicas o morales. En tercer término se muestran algunos vectores que operan en la inserción del cliente en la trama retórica que construye el victimario de la trata. Las conclusiones del trabajo apuntan a la dificultad de una categorización analítica de la figura del cliente del sexo de pago desde la sociología de la desviación. Su carácter victimario respecto de la trata responde a razones ideológicas o morales y desenfoca su papel en relación a la acción contra la trata de seres humanos. This text tries to approach the male client of the paid sex and the rhetoric that are expressed in the public space, about its relevance to trafficking in persons, in the Spanish sociocultural and political context. The methodology used is based on the critical analysis of secondary sources, empirical scientific studies and research that have been published in Spain in recent years, as well as other documentary resources. The results obtained reveal, first, the difficulties in characterizing the client differentially with respect to the rest of the male population. Secondly, some evidence of a criminalizing rhetoric of clients is exposed, in a general context of criminalization of sex work, based on ideological or moral options. Thirdly, some vectors, which operate in the insertion of the client in the rhetorical plot that makes him responsible for human trafficking, are shown. The conclusions of the work point to the difficulty of characterizing the figure of the client of paid sex, while sex work remains within the paradigm of deviant behavior. Holding him responsible for trafficking responds to ideological or moral reasons, and blurs its role in relation to action against human trafficking. Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Determinar la ingesta de proteínas dietética y de productos dietarios en estudiantes universitarios usuarios de gimnasio de 18-25 años. Tipo de estudio: descriptivo transversal. Encuesta exprofesa e indicadores antropométricos (peso, estatura) AZ nutrition Estadísticas descriptivas. RESULTADOS: N= 40, 71.7% sexo masculino, 29.3% sexo femenino, medias : la edad media es de 21 años, peso 73 kg, estatura 167 cm, ingesta de proteína total 139.14 gr, ingesta de proteína dietética 93 gr,ingesta de proteína por producto dietario 25 gr. La distribución por licenciatura: Nutrición (NUT) 50.5%, Cultura física y deportes (CFD) 49.5%. El principal motivo por lo que asisten al gimnasio es el aumento de masa muscular con un porcentaje de 65%, la ingesta del producto/semana el 56% de la población masculina y 49% femenina consumen más de la cantidad recomendada en CFD, para NUT los hombres en 68% y femeninos 38%.

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate in the Portuguese population the consumption of packaged food (PF) vs non-packaged food, the associated factors and to estimate the contribution of specific food groups to the use of packaging materials.Design/methodology/approachA representative sample of the population was evaluated within the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016 (n = 5,811, 3 months-84y). Dietary data were collected by two non-consecutive food diaries (children) or 24-h recalls, using a software program which integrates FoodEx2—Food classification system. Food packaging materials were measured according to the amount of PF by linear regression. The results were analyzed considering the distribution of the Portuguese population.FindingsThe reported amount of PF was 1,530 g/person/day (57%), in which PF in plastic was the most reported (69%), mainly associated with “Non-alcoholic beverages” (38%). “Fruit and vegetables” food group is most frequently reported without a package (35%). Men consumed significantly more quantity of PF for all materials, excepted for “paperboard/paper”, but also significantly more quantity of food without a package (β = 135.3 [95%IC: 63.7; 207.0]). Children and adolescents consumed more quantity of PF in multilayer materials (β = 177.8 [95%IC: 154.8; 200.9]) and significantly less quantity of food without a package (β = −343.8 [95%IC: −408.9; −278.6]). Also, more educated people consume more food without a package (β = 106.9 [95%IC: 33.2; 180.7]).Originality/valueThe Portuguese population presents a large consumption of PF. Male population and adults were identified as groups with higher consumption of PF.

The aim of the present study was to assess the association of age and gender of patients with the type of tooth resorption treated. The data was retrieved from the patient records and analyzed the data of tooth resorption treated patients between June 2019 to March 2020, after approval from the Institutional Review board of Saveetha Dental College. It is an institutional based retrospective study. The data was tabulated into excel sheets under the headings age, gender, type of tooth resorption treatment, tooth number. The data was analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS software. The probability value obtained after performing Chi-square test was P>0.05 indicating that there is a statistically insignificant difference between the age, gender, teeth of patients who have undergone treatment for tooth resorption. Within the limitations of the study, the frequency of internal tooth resorption cases was higher compared to external tooth resorption cases. Male population of the age group 20 to 25 years have most frequently undergone treatment for internal tooth resorption.

Introduction Prostate cancer is recognized as the leading cause of malignancy-related incidence and mortality in the male population. The treatment regimens have long-term effects detrimental to the patient's quality of life. Hence, this review was aimed to determine the overall HRQOL and its associated among prostate cancer patients. Methods The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cumulative Index to the Nursing and Allied Literature (CINAHL), which provided articles that were critically examined, yielding 52 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Results Out of 52 studies, 30 studies reported poor overall HRQOL in various domains after prostate cancer treatment. Contrastingly, 15 studies reported good overall quality of life after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer. Nonetheless, seven studies showed that the absence of a significant change in the overall quality of life after treatment. According to the studies, older age, comorbidities, higher clinical stage, higher Gleason score, greater cancer severity, African American race, impaired mental health, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and lower level of education were the major poor predictors of HRQOL among prostate cancer patients. Conclusion The overall HRQOL in prostate cancer patients was generally poor in various functional domains after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer.

Smoking is defined as the process where a person inhales smoke either from burnt paper or electronic cigarette with or without containing tobacco.There are various drugs and substances which can be abused in the form of smoking. In the earlier days smoking cigarettes were branded as an healthy lifestyle. One such deteriorating effect of smoking could be OSA abbreviating to obstructive sleep apnea.Obstructive sleep apnea can be defined as the obstruction of the airway either completely or partially during the sleep. India being a country with a huge population of smokers has inadequate public health awareness. The aim of the study is to analyse if there is any association between smoking and obstructive sleep apnea. Our study is a survey based study among the Indian population.No ethical approval was required from the study due to the self volunteering of the participants.Sample size of this study was n=100. Pre tested questionnaire containing questions based on smoking,sleep patterns derived from Berlin’s & STOP BANG questionnaire. Questionnaire was circulated online among 100 participants above the age of 18 using Google Forms. The results were first imported to Excel then to SPSS software for further analysis. The present study population had male participation of 57%, and female participation of 43%, 59% of the study population were not aware of obstructive sleep apnea,75% of the participants declared that they are not addicted to smoking yet 25% are addicted,96% of the participants population found the study to be useful. The present survey study concluded that there may be an association between smoking and obstructive sleep apnea in the adult and aged population.

Subject. This article explores the human capital problems of the depressed region's male population. The Republic of Karelia is considered as a case study. Objectives. The article aims to assess the human capital of the Republic of Karelia's manhood by building a model that includes social health, labor market status and wages. Methods. For the study, we used statistical data analysis techniques. The study is based on the opinion poll findings of men aged 18 to 49 of the Republic of Karelia. Results. The article presents a model of the human capital of the male population of the Republic of Karelia, covering the characteristics of social health, structure of employment, and the level of wages of men of the Republic. Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the differences in the competitive advantages of men of different conditions of marriage.

Approximately 1% of the male population acquires a sexual conviction over their lifetime with sexual recidivism rates of approximately 13% over 5 years. The effect of treatment on sexual recidivism...

The clinical guidance regarding advice to patient about return to activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery, is a complex one and related literature is not clear on this subject. In general, single leg hop test is included in this process. We evaluated a simple objective stress radiographic technique to measure anterior tibial translation and compared the results with that of single leg hop tests in a male population of 24 patients that underwent ACLR at a tertiary care orthopaedic hospital. Tests were recorded after 9th month of post-operative period. Patients were again evaluated at 12th month of post-operative period to record patient reported outcome. Results show average anterior translation of 2.3mm with range 1-4 mm and average hop index of 0.91 ranging from 0.85-0.95. 15 out of 24 patients recorded satisfactory outcome in both the test results. IKDC subjective evaluation scores at 12th month of post-period were satisfactory with average score 72. In conclusion, this objective radiographic measurement technique can be routinely used as a part of decision-making regarding advice of return to activity after ACLR along with single leg hop test and patient reported outcome tools.

Aim. To assess the incidence of malignancies in Omsk and Orenburg Regions.Materials and Methods. We analyzed statistical reports (form # 7) from health authorities of Omsk and Orenburg Regions which contain the data on cancer incidence in the population during the last decade (2009-2018).Results. The incidence of malignancies in Omsk and Orenburg Regions had a moderate upward trend. Cancer incidence in the urban population of Orenburg region was higher than in the corresponding rural population, with the opposite ratio in the Omsk region. Average long-term standardized incidence rate of malignancies in Omsk and Orenburg regions was 276,5 0/0000 and 273,0 0/0000, respectively. Cancer incidence prevailed among the male population regardless of the indicator type. The prevalence of males across all patients was 46.0% and 46.8% in Omsk and Orenburg Region, respectively.Conclusion. Average long-term indicators of cancer incidence in Orenburg and Omsk Regions do not differ; however, different incidence pattern was detected in urban and rural populations in these regions over the decade.