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Background and objectives: Due to the regeneration potential of growth factors (GFs) and platelet concentrates (PCs), facial rejuvenation has been a major area of attention in esthetic medicine. The effectiveness and safety of PCs and GFs in promoting face rejuvenation are examined in this systematic review, which is complemented by a case series. GFs are essential for collagen production and dermal matrix remodeling, while PCs, like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), are abundant in bioactive chemicals that promote tissue healing and cellular regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on human clinical trials published between February 2019 and February 2024 related to PRP and facial esthetics. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Conclusions: The review summarizes the most recent data on patient outcomes, treatment regimens, and possible hazards. The case series that goes with it shows real-world examples of how to improve skin elasticity, texture, and general facial appearance with little negative side effects. These results highlight the potential use of PCs and GFs as minimally invasive procedures.

The infraocclusion (IO) of primary molars, often seen in retained deciduous teeth, is a common condition that presents significant challenges for pediatric oral health. It occurs when primary molars are positioned below the occlusal plane due to the absence of permanent successors, leading to complications such as misaligned teeth, impaired chewing, and long-term dental health issues. Objectives: This study examines IO prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles from the last 15 years. Nine articles were included for qualitative analysis. Results: IO was associated with several complications, including root resorption, altered eruption of adjacent teeth, and space loss within the dental arch. Clinical and radiographic evaluations are key to early detection. Severe cases often require invasive treatments, such as tooth extraction and space maintenance, while mild cases could be monitored. Conclusions: IO is prevalent in pediatric dentistry and can lead to significant dental issues if untreated. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing complications like tooth misalignment and impacted premolars. Tailored treatment strategies based on severity, along with increased awareness among dental practitioners, are essential to improve long-term outcomes for affected children.

Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions.

Chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), while effective against cancer, often cause severe side effects, such as oral mucositis and other oral diseases. Oral mucositis, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa, is one of the most painful side effects that can reduce quality of life and limit cancer treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has garnered attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, which protect the oral mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of curcumin in preventing and managing oral mucositis caused by CT and RT. Clinical trials show curcumin’s effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of oral mucositis. Although curcumin supplementation appears to be a promising and cost-effective approach for mitigating oral complications in cancer patients, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimize dosing strategies.

The Medical Directors of nine Italian Hemophilia Centers reviewed and discussed the key issues concerning the replacement therapy of hemophilia patients during a one-day consensus conference held in Rome one year ago. Particular attention was paid to the replacement therapy needed for surgery using continuous infusion (CI) versus bolus injection (BI) of standard and extended half-life Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates in severe hemophilia A patients. Among the side effects, the risk of development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) and thromboembolic complications was addressed. The specific needs of mild hemophilia A patients were described, as well as the usage of bypassing agents to treat patients with high-responding inhibitors. Young hemophilia A patients may take significant advantages from primary prophylaxis three times or twice weekly, even with standard half-life (SHL) rFVIII concentrates. Patients affected by severe hemophilia B probably have a less severe clinical phenotype than severe hemophilia A patients, and in about 30% of cases may undergo weekly prophylaxis with an rFIX SHL concentrate. The prevalence of missense mutations in 55% of severe hemophilia B patients allows the synthesis of a partially changed FIX molecule that can play some hemostatic role at the level of endothelial cells or the subendothelial matrix. The flow back of infused rFIX from the extravascular to the plasma compartment allows a very long half-life of about 30 h in some hemophilia B patients. Once weekly, prophylaxis can assure a superior quality of life in a large severe or moderate hemophilia B population. According to the Italian registry of surgery, hemophilia B patients undergo joint replacement by arthroplasty less frequently than hemophilia A patients. Finally, the relationships between FVIII/IX genotypes and the pharmacokinetics of clotting factor concentrates have been investigated.

Aim: Cytokines are crucial low-molecular-weight proteins involved in immune responses. This systematic review highlights the need for in-depth studies on cytokines’ biological mechanisms, providing insights into disease onset and potential therapeutic strategies. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 18 relevant articles, emphasizing the multifaceted role of cytokines in orthodontic treatment (OT). The quality assessment using the ROBINS-I tool ensures a rigorous evaluation of the included studies, contributing to the overall reliability of the findings. Results and Conclusions: This systematic review explores the intricate relationship between cytokines and OT. Cytokines exhibit different properties, influencing cellular activities through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities. OT, aimed at achieving stable occlusion, induces tension and compression in the periodontal ligament (PDL), triggering cytokine release. Proinflammatory cytokines play a role in inflammation, influencing bone and soft tissue metabolism. Studies show elevated cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after orthodontic force application. The choice of orthodontic devices, such as self-ligating brackets, influences cytokine concentrations, indicating the importance of attachment design. Further research promises to enhance orthodontic practices, and optimize patient care.

Curcumin (Curcumin) belongs to the polyphenol family. It is extracted by drying the root of a plant of Asian origin, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. The best-known species is Curcumincuma Longa. Curcumin has been recognized as having great therapeutic powers since ancient times. Studies on curcumin have since confirmed its powerful antioxidant properties, preventing both the formation of free radicals and their neutralization, having anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunological, and neuroprotective properties, as well as being a regulator of the intestinal microbiota with beneficial effects on the clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome. Our study aimed to highlight how all these therapeutic aspects could benefit oral health, both preventing and improving the course of pathological processes. The effect of mouthwashes, and curcumin-based gels on the regulation of bacterial plaque and in the control of gingivitis, was largely comparable to that of using 0.20% chlorhexidine, with fewer side effects. Being a highly hydrophobic substance, it has a high permeability to cross the cell membrane. Bioavailability increases when combined with liposoluble substances (e.g., olive oil) and piperine, which improves absorption. Curcumin also has a negligible degree of toxicity, making it an excellent alternative to the use of gold standard products for oral disinfection.

Mixed dentition represents a critical phase in the oral development of pediatric patients, characterized by the simultaneous presence of primary and permanent teeth. This article proposes a comprehensive systematic review of the application of aligners as an innovative methodology in managing mixed dentition. The primary objective is to explore the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of this emerging orthodontic technology in the evolving age group. This systematic review focuses on randomized controlled trials, cohorts, and observational studies investigating the use of aligners in patients with mixed dentition. Clinical, radiographic, and psychosocial parameters will be considered to assess the overall impact of aligner therapy in this critical phase of dental development. An in-depth analysis of such data aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of this technology in pediatric orthodontics. Expected outcomes may contribute to outlining practical guidelines and targeted therapeutic strategies for orthodontists involved in managing mixed dentition. Furthermore, this article aims to identify gaps in the current research and suggest future directions for studies exploring the use of transparent aligners in patients with mixed dentition, thereby contributing to the ongoing evolution of evidence-based orthodontic practices.

The survey on anticoagulated patients register (START-Register) is an independent, prospective, inception-cohort observational study aimed at providing information on patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Italy. In this study, we describe the cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in the START-Register and report outcomes and changes in anticoagulant prescription from 2011 to 2021. The study included 11,078 AF patients, enrolled in 47 Italian centers distributed all over the Country; the median age was 77 years (range 18-99 years); 6029 (54.3%) were men; 5135 (46.4%) were on VKAs, and 5943 (53.6%) were on DOACs. Warfarin was the most prescribed VKA (98.4%), and apixaban was the most prescribed DOAC (31.6%). Among DOAC users, 4022 (67.7%) patients were naive to anticoagulation, and 2562 (43.1%) patients were treated with a reduced dose. DOAC patients were significantly older than VKA patients (median age 79 years vs 76 years respectively, P

Background and objectives: Due to the regeneration potential of growth factors (GFs) and platelet concentrates (PCs), facial rejuvenation has been a major area of attention in esthetic medicine. The effectiveness and safety of PCs and GFs in promoting face rejuvenation are examined in this systematic review, which is complemented by a case series. GFs are essential for collagen production and dermal matrix remodeling, while PCs, like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), are abundant in bioactive chemicals that promote tissue healing and cellular regeneration. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on human clinical trials published between February 2019 and February 2024 related to PRP and facial esthetics. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Conclusions: The review summarizes the most recent data on patient outcomes, treatment regimens, and possible hazards. The case series that goes with it shows real-world examples of how to improve skin elasticity, texture, and general facial appearance with little negative side effects. These results highlight the potential use of PCs and GFs as minimally invasive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infraocclusion (IO) of primary molars, often seen in retained deciduous teeth, is a common condition that presents significant challenges for pediatric oral health. It occurs when primary molars are positioned below the occlusal plane due to the absence of permanent successors, leading to complications such as misaligned teeth, impaired chewing, and long-term dental health issues. Objectives: This study examines IO prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles from the last 15 years. Nine articles were included for qualitative analysis. Results: IO was associated with several complications, including root resorption, altered eruption of adjacent teeth, and space loss within the dental arch. Clinical and radiographic evaluations are key to early detection. Severe cases often require invasive treatments, such as tooth extraction and space maintenance, while mild cases could be monitored. Conclusions: IO is prevalent in pediatric dentistry and can lead to significant dental issues if untreated. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing complications like tooth misalignment and impacted premolars. Tailored treatment strategies based on severity, along with increased awareness among dental practitioners, are essential to improve long-term outcomes for affected children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The external apical root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment was the focus of this study, using either fixed appliances (FA) or clear aligners (CA). Using the Boolean keywords “APICAL ROOT RESORPTION” and “CLEAR ALIGNERS”, the study searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a restriction to English-language publications. A total of 50 publications were found by the computerized search, but after eliminating duplicates, completing reviews, and determining eligibility, only 9 papers could be used in the study. In conclusion, apical root resorption (ARR) is a frequent consequence of orthodontic tooth movement that mainly affects the lower incisors, which may compromise the success of the procedure and the health of the patient’s teeth. Several variables, including the type of tooth, have an impact on the severity of ARR.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory illness that is associated with recurrent episodes of either partial or full obstruction of the upper airways, or apnea, among other sleep disorders. This study aims to analyze, through a literature review, whether orthodontic treatment can be a good treatment strategy for this type of disorder. We performed a database search on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the keywords OSA(S) and orthodontics to select the papers under evaluation. The criteria for inclusion were articles related to OSA(S) children undergoing an orthodontic treatment and clinical studies or case series, excluding systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses, adult studies, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 16 publications for this work. RME, or rapid maxillary expansion, turned out to be the preferred orthodontic treatment in cases of pediatric OSAS. The goal of this orthodontic procedure is to increase the hard palate’s transverse diameter by reopening the mid-palatal suture. Children with maxillary contraction and dental malocclusion typically undergo such a procedure and have excellent results. However, OSAS is a multifactorial disorder; it does not seem related to the morphology of the oral cavity, and therefore, it is not always possible to cope with this problem exclusively through orthodontic treatment.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission are generally known to be produced by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity (O.C.) of infected subjects, as stated by the World Health Organization. Saliva also retains the viral particles and aids in the spread of COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme Type 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are two of the numerous factors that promote SARS-CoV-2 infection, expressed by O.C. structures, various mucosa types, and the epithelia of salivary glands. A systemic SARS-CoV-2 infection might result from viral replication in O.C. cells. On the other hand, cellular damage of different subtypes in the O.C. might be associated with various clinical signs and symptoms. Factors interfering with SARS-CoV-2 infection potential might represent fertile ground for possible local pharmacotherapeutic interventions, which may confine SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and transmission in the O.C., finally representing a way to reduce COVID-19 incidence and severity.

Abstract Background In dental laboratories, exposure to crystalline silica can occur during procedures that generate suspended mineral dusts, e.g. dispersion of mixing powders, removal of castings from molds grinding, polishing of castings and porcelain, and use of silica sand for blasting. There is also a large list of toxic agents (acrylic resins, polymeric materials, etc.) used to produce removable and fixed prostheses, but also impression materials and more. Using personal protective equipment and other aids reduces the exposure to these potentially harmful agents. Case presentation We report the case of a 42-year-old male dental technician who began to suffer from a dry cough and exertional dyspnea after approximately 15 years of work. The operations he conducted for his job resulted in the generation of crystalline silica, aluminum, chromium and titanium dust. The worker did not regularly wear personal protective equipment and some of the above operations were not carried out in closed circuit systems. The Chest X-ray showed diffused micronodules in the pulmonary interstitium of the upper-middle lobes, bilaterally, and a modest left basal pleural effusion. Simple spirometry showed small airway obstruction in its initial stage. High Resolution Computerized Tomography of the chest showed bilateral micronodulation of a miliariform type, with greater profusion to the upper lobes, also present in the visceral pleura, bilaterally. Histological examination showed aggregates of pigment-laden macrophages forming perivascular macules or arranged in a radial pattern around a core of sclerohyalinosis. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry revealed several mineral particles, typically characterized by the presence of crystalline silica and metal aggregates. The environmental concentrations of total dust and its respirable fraction were all lower than the relative TLV-TWA—ACGIH, yet not negligible. Conclusions The above findings and a multidisciplinary assessment led to the diagnosis of mixed dust pneumoconiosis s/q with 2/2 profusion of occupational origin. This diagnosis in a dental technician was supported for the first time in literature by environmental exposure analysis.

Clinical research is vital in supporting evidence-based practice. However, several barriers make participation in research difficult. We performed a survey to evaluate the attitude to research of the members of the Italian Anticoagulation Clinics. The survey includes 19 closed questions on the perception of participating in research and exploring the benefit that health professionals wish to obtain. A total of 167 questionnaires were returned from 97/220 (44.1%) Centers, of which 89.7% were not academic. Participants (median age 56 years, range 29-75y; 56.3% females) were equally distributed all over the country; 151/167 (90.4%) of respondents believe that participating in research helps to reduce the routine of their work and allows a better quality of work, 72/167 (43.1%) complain heavy workload. More than 74% of respondents would like to participate in scientific meetings, without difference in relation to age. Instead, inclusion in the authorship of a scientific paper is of relevance for 75.6% of respondents ≤50 years and for 65.2% of respondents >50 years. A substantial positive attitude towards research was evident, suggesting that independent scientific societies could be of valuable support for the growth of research culture.

Retention constitutes a fundamental phase of orthodontic treatment, of which the patient must be made aware from the outset. Retention, which can be fixed or movable, has the task of maintaining over time and stabilising the results obtained during treatment. This study assessed the efficacy of using removable restraints versus fixed solutions for maintaining long-term outcomes. A comprehensive search across major databases—Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus—used ‘relapse’ and ‘orthodontic’ as keywords to gather articles on relapse discussions. The primary focus was relapsed cases in post-fixed orthodontic therapy. Both fixed and removable retainer systems prove effective in preserving orthodontic achievements. While fixed devices require regular wire integrity checks, mobile devices require patient compliance, proper usage, and a recommended wear time. Studies indicate that fixed retainers are generally successful, with relapse rates varying based on the retainer type. Full-time use of removable devices surpasses night-only wear. Vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers offer similar effectiveness. Fixed retainers excel in long-term alignment stability, whereas removable ones have higher failure rates yet remain beneficial.

Aim: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are associated with reducing cariogenic pathogens and protecting against periodontal diseases, although the exact way they function in the mouth is not fully clear. Our study aimed to explore the use of PBs to improve oral health, focusing on issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, mucositis, and periimplantitis. Materials and Methods: We utilized the Boolean keywords “Probiotics” AND “Oral health” to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was restricted to English-language papers published from 1 January 2019 to 13 April 2023. Results: A total of 3460 articles were found through our computerized search. After removing duplicates, reviewing the papers, and determining their relevance, 12 were selected for inclusion. Conclusions: Assessing how bacteria in food or dietary supplements might alter the stable oral microbiota is a complex task. Although probiotic microorganisms have been found to have proven therapeutic benefits, their application in dental health is not yet solidly backed by evidence. Further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the long-term effects of probiotic bacteria on the oral environment, including their ability to colonize and form biofilms.

This study intends to investigate the relationship between otologic symptoms, in particular, tinnitus, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The literature studies during the previous 20 years had focused on the treatment and alleviation of the otologic symptoms and were limited to randomized clinical trials, case reports, and prospective studies. The following Boolean keywords, (tinnitus) AND (temporomandibular disorders OR temporomandibular therapy), were used in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science between 2003 and 9 May 2023 with an English language restriction. Results: The computerized search turned up 693 articles in total, and after eliminating duplicates, reviewing them, and determining their eligibility, 20 papers were included. Conclusion: The connections between temporomandibular TMD and tinnitus are numerous and intricate. It is unclear whether TMD could be the source of tinnitus or only its symptoms. Tinnitus may not always occur in persons with TMD, indicating that additional causes may potentially be involved in its occurrence. The precise mechanisms behind the link between TMD and tinnitus need to be clarified by additional study.

Class III Malocclusion presents a complex orthodontic challenge with various treatment options, including orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery. Among these, mandibular molar distalization stands as an orthodontic approach for treating Class III Malocclusion in adults. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence regarding mandibular molar distalization techniques in the treatment of Class III. The search across PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases yielded 582 articles, from which eight met the inclusion criteria. These inclusion criteria were as follows: English language, full text, studies randomized clinical trials, and retrospective studies that evaluated various methods of mandibular distalization for Class III Malocclusion in adult patients, from 2013 to May 2023. Lower molar distalization has gained attention as a non-surgical alternative with effective and efficient outcomes. However, various treatment modalities have limitations, including reliance upon malocclusion severity, diagnosis, patient cooperation, and operator experience. From the studies analyzed, it was found that techniques using skeletal anchorage with TADs, mini-plates, or ramal plates, offer stable anchorage and controlled tooth movement, they allow unilateral action in cases of asymmetry, and they are the most effective methods for achieving distal body displacement of the tooth. Despite the promising results, the relatively small number of studies calls for more high-quality research to explore the efficacy and outcomes of different mandibular molar distalization approaches. The lack of standardized protocols and guidelines for mandibular molar distalization in Class III Malocclusion is also attributed to the limited available literature.

Background: Whiplash is associated with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including headache, neck pain, cervical rigidity, shoulder and back pain, paresthesia, vertigo, and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Previous studies reported that TMDs are more common in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) than in the general population; however, the pathophysiology and mechanism of this relationship are still not well understood. Methods: A PubMed and Ovid EMBASE review was performed to identify all studies addressing the trauma related cause and effect relationship between WAD and TMDs from January 2003 to March 2023. Results: After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, a total of 16 articles met the selection criteria. The various included studies discussed different aspects of the association between WDA and TMDs, including changes in the coordination and amplitude of jaw opening, the severity of the associated symptoms/signs in cases of WAD, the degree of fatigue and psychological stress, difficulty in feeding, cervical and myofascial pain, changes in the MRI signal at various muscle points, muscle tenderness, and quality of life. Conclusions: In this review, we summarized the clinical evidence of any trauma related cause and effect relationship between whiplash and TMDs. An accurate screening of the previous literature showed that, in conclusion, the relationship between whiplash and TMDs is still unclear.

For a world that is constantly trying to speed up every procedure while obtaining the maximum result, traditional orthodontics have the biological limitation of using light and constant forces that allow tooth movement in a time frame that is only sometimes short. The treatment time could be lengthened if surgical procedures are programmed in the plan. Methods to accelerate tooth movement and reduce the duration of treatment while minimising complications are investigated and reported in the dental literature (e.g., low-level laser therapy, corticotomy, and micro-osteoperforations). This systematic review aims to analyse and summarise the strategies for quickening orthodontic movement during extraction orthodontic treatment, including any potential drawbacks or adverse consequences. The review will evaluate each approach’s effectiveness, safety, and evidence quality, compare their benefits and disadvantages, and analyse the implications for clinical practice and future research. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the keywords “acceleration” AND “dental movement” AND “orthodontic” between 1 April 2003 and 1 April 2023. After carefully scanning the study findings, forty-four publications were chosen for the systematic review. Most therapies discussed and provided in the literature seem promising and successful in enhancing orthodontic treatments. The success of operations like corticotomies, piezo-incisions, micro-osteoperforations, osteogenic distraction, low-level laser therapy, the administration of pharmacological treatments, and infiltrations with PRF and PRP were statistically significant and appear to be promising and effective in optimising orthodontic treatments. These strategies expedite treatment and enhance the patient experience, potentially broadening orthodontic appeal and minimising issues like cavities and enamel demineralisation. Further studies, with larger samples and standardised treatment protocols, are needed to investigate the efficacy of these tooth movement acceleration modalities.

Background: The current review aims to provide an overview of the most recent research on the potentials of concentrated growth factors used in the maxillary sinus lift technique. Materials and methods: “PRP”, “PRF”, “L-PRF”, “CGF”, “oral surgery”, “sticky bone”, “sinus lift” were the search terms utilized in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, with the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR”. Results: Of these 1534 studies, 22 publications were included for this review. Discussion: The autologous growth factors released from platelet concentrates can help to promote bone remodeling and cell proliferation, and the application of platelet concentrates appears to reduce the amount of autologous bone required during regenerative surgery. Many authors agree that growth factors considerably enhance early vascularization in bone grafts and have a significantly positive pro-angiogenic influence in vivo when combined with alloplastic and xenogeneic materials, reducing inflammation and postoperative pain and stimulating the regeneration of injured tissues and accelerating their healing. Conclusions: Even if further studies are still needed, the use of autologous platelet concentrates can improve clinical results where a large elevation of the sinus is needed by improving bone height, thickness and vascularization of surgical sites, and post-operative healing.

Aims: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a drug-related adverse reaction characterized by bone destruction and necrosis in the jaw. This case series aims to evaluate the treatment approaches and outcomes in MRONJ patients. Materials and methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Dental Unit of the University of Bari, Italy. Patients with MRONJ were treated and followed up for 60 months. The treatment approach involved piezosurgery and concentrated growth factor (CGF). Six clinical cases from this group are described in detail. Results: None of the patients showed recurrence of necrotic MRONJ lesions during the follow-up period. The surgical interventions, including bone resections and the application of CGF, resulted in successful mucosal healing and the prevention of disease progression. Conclusions: This study highlights the complexity of managing MRONJ and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Conservative treatment options and minimally invasive surgery have shown efficacy in controlling symptoms and improving patients’ quality of life. However, the optimal treatment approach remains a challenge, and further studies are needed to evaluate alternative therapies and resective surgery. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation and collaboration among dental, endocrinology, and oncology specialists are crucial for personalized and multidisciplinary management. Ongoing research efforts are necessary to explore new therapeutic modalities and improve our understanding of MRONJ management, providing better support to patients dealing with this complex condition.

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the correlation between oxidation–reduction mechanisms and human health. The free radicals produced via physiological cellular biochemical processes are major contributors to oxidation phenomena. Their instability is the major cause of cellular damage. Free radical reactive oxygen species containing oxygen are the best-known ones. The body neutralises the harmful effects of free radicals via the production of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and melatonin). The field of study of nutraucetics has found antioxidant capacity in substances such as vitamins A, B, C, E, coenzyme Q-10, selenium, flavonoids, lipoic acid, carotenoids, and lycopene contained in some foods. There are several areas of investigation that aim to research the interaction between reactive oxygen species, exogenous antioxidants, and the microbiota to promote increased protection via the peroxidation of macromolecules (proteins, and lipids) by maintaining a dynamic balance among the species that make up the microbiota. In this scoping review, we aim to map the scientific literature on oxidative stress related to the oral microbiota, and the use of natural antioxidants to counteract it, to assess the volume, nature, characteristics, and type of studies available to date, and to suggest the possible gaps that will emerge from the analysis.

Background: Dental aesthetic procedures aim to rectify flaws in dental elements’ shape, alignment, or overly dark color. One of the most common dental aesthetic procedures is tooth whitening. This study attempts to introduce key aspects of bleaching and describe the different techniques and the mechanism of action of bleaching agents, focusing on the clinical implications in orthodontic and on composite restorations. Methods: The research was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases for articles on our topic published between 2017 and 2023, and we found a total of 1512 studies. In total, 57 papers were considered for the qualitative analysis in the review. Results: This study found that both carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide were clinically effective, although patients’ level of tooth sensitivity seemed to be lessened by the latter. However, the latter appears to be more effective at reducing patient-experienced tooth sensitivity. Conclusion: Carbamide and hydrogen peroxide based whitening techniques were shown to be equally successful at treating tooth discoloration after bracket composite removal, with no discernible differences between them. To increase the effectiveness of whitening on composites, more research is needed. To achieve the desired results and avoid the negative effects of whitening gels on teeth and soft tissue, a patient-specific approach is advised.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental illnesses characterized by difficulty in social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. These clinical diagnostic criteria can be seen in children as early as one year old and are commonly associated with long-term difficulties. ASD is connected with a higher frequency of various medical diseases such as gastrointestinal complaints, seizures, anxiety, interrupted sleep, and immunological dysfunction, in addition to the range of developmental abnormalities listed. Methods: From 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2023, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for English-language papers that matched our topic. The following Boolean keywords were utilized in the search approach: “autism” AND “microbiota”. After deleting duplicates, a total of 2370 publications were found from the databases, yielding 1222 articles. (1148). Nine hundred and eighty-eight items were excluded after their titles and abstracts were scrutinized. The method resulted in the removal of 174 items for being off-topic. The final 18 articles for qualitative analysis are included in the evaluation. Conclusion: The findings of this extensive study revealed that probiotics, prebiotics, their combination as synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbiota transfer therapy may benefit ASD patients suffering from both gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms.

Laser therapy has become one of the gold standards of treatment in routine dentistry. In the 1970s, CO2 lasers were the first lasers to be used in oral surgery on soft tissues. Subsequently, other lasers (Diode, Nd YAG, Er: YAG, Argon and Erbium) have also been used in periodontics, implantology, orthodontics and restorative dentistry, as well as for hard tissues, such as bone, enamel and dentin. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze both the therapeutic properties and adverse effects of laser use in dentistry, related to a non-targeted choice of medical device based on clinical need as well as an inadequate learning curve. A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. The use of lasers requires a specific learning curve modifying the standard surgical approach. The use of lasers provides multiple therapeutic benefits but can lead to some failures in dental treatments. In restorative dentistry, it has been found that lasers can cause cracks that can lead to fractures and/or affect the composite restoration. In periodontal treatments, the use of lasers can produce thermal damage to pulp tissue. In surgical treatments, the use of a laser caused bleeding, post-operative pain and a burning sensation. The failure of tissue cooling during laser beam emission could produce the necrosis of hard and soft tissues.

Nowadays, many people use clear aligners to address their dental issues. The efficacy of transparent dental aligners must be investigated even though they are more aesthetically pleasing, easy to use, and tidy than permanent tools. Thirty-five patients in this study’s sample group who used Nuvola® clear aligners for their orthodontic therapy were prospectively observed. Initial, simulated, and final digital scans were analysed with a digital calliper. The actual results were compared with the prescribed ending position to evaluate the efficacy of transversal dentoalveolar expansion. Aligner treatments in Groups A (12) and B (24), particularly in the dental tip measures, demonstrated high adherence to the prescription. On the other hand, the gingival measures exhibited a greater level of bias, and the differences were statistically significant. However, there was no difference in the outcomes between the two groups (12 vs. 24). Within specific parameters, the evaluated aligners were shown to be helpful in predicting movements in the transverse plane, particularly when considering movements linked to the vestibular–palatal inclination of the dental elements. This article compares the expansion effectiveness of Nuvola® aligners compared with other work in the literature using competitor companies.

Background: The use of the human dentin matrix could serve as an alternative to autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts. Since 1967, when the osteoinductive characteristics of autogenous demineralized dentin matrix were revealed, autologous tooth grafts have been advocated. The tooth is very similar to the bone and contains many growth factors. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the similarities and differences between the three samples (dentin, demineralized dentin, and alveolar cortical bone) with the aim of demonstrating that the demineralized dentin can be considered in regenerative surgery as an alternative to the autologous bone. Methods: This in vitro study analyzed the biochemical characterizations of 11 dentin granules (Group A), 11 demineralized using the Tooth Transformer (Group B), and dentin granules and 11 cortical bone granules (Group C) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate mineral content. Atomic percentages of C (carbon), O (oxygen), Ca (calcium), and P (phosphorus) were individually analyzed and compared by the statistical t-test. Results: The significant p-value (p < 0.05) between group A and group C indicated that these two groups were not significantly similar, while the non-significant result (p > 0.05) obtained between group B and group C indicated that these two groups are similar. Conclusions: The findings support that the hypothesis that the demineralization process can lead to the dentin being remarkably similar to the natural bone in terms of their surface chemical composition. The demineralized dentin can therefore be considered an alternative to the autologous bone in regenerative surgery.

Replacement of missing teeth is possible using biocompatible devices such as endosseous implants. This study aims to analyze and recognize the best characteristics of different implant surfaces that ensure good peri-implant tissue healing and thus clinical success over time. The present review was performed on the recent literature concerning endosseous implants made of titanium, a material most frequently used because of its mechanical, physical, and chemical characteristics. Thanks to its low bioactivity, titanium exhibits slow osseointegration. Implant surfaces are treated so that cells do not reject the surface as a foreign material and accept it as fully biocompatible. Analysis of different types of implant surface coatings was performed in order to identify ideal surfaces that improve osseointegration, epithelial attachment to the implant site, and overall peri-implant health. This study shows that the implant surface, with different adhesion, proliferation, and spreading capabilities of osteoblastic and epithelial cells, influences the cells involved in anchorage. Implant surfaces must have antibacterial capabilities to prevent peri-implant disease. Research still needs to improve implant material to minimize clinical failure.

This scoping review aims to evaluate methods of conservative reconstruction of dental enamel lesions resulting from abrasions and evaluate the effect of diode laser in reducing the symptoms of tooth sensitivity. The cementoenamel junction is more prone to substance loss because the enamel thickness is substantially decreased, resulting in a much weaker enamel–dentin bond. Methods: Dental abrasion was examined in the mechanical cause alone. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to discover publications that matched our topic from 1 January 2018 to 20 March 2023. A comparison of various non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) restoration treatments was generated mostly by mechanical considerations. Results: A final number of 11 clinical trials and randomized controlled trials were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Composite resins performed well in clinical trials for the restoration of NCCLs. Conclusions: Composite, in its different forms of filling and consistency, preceded by the use of adhesives, is an efficient and effective material for the treatment of NCCLs. Diode laser use prior to NCCL restoration of teeth does not diminish restoration retention rate, may lessen hypersensitivity, and may affect restoration success.

Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), while effective against cancer, often cause severe side effects, such as oral mucositis and other oral diseases. Oral mucositis, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa, is one of the most painful side effects that can reduce quality of life and limit cancer treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has garnered attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, which protect the oral mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of curcumin in preventing and managing oral mucositis caused by CT and RT. Clinical trials show curcumin's effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of oral mucositis. Although curcumin supplementation appears to be a promising and cost-effective approach for mitigating oral complications in cancer patients, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimize dosing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]