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Background: Individual with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy are more prone for respiratory dysfunction. And thus the leading cause for death DMD. Objective: To find the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training using ULTRABREATHE on pulmonary function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Methodology: The quasi experimental study was done in 5 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy children as one group of age ranging from 9 to 16 years in wheelchair bound stage and they have been given for an ULTRABREATHE as an inspiratory muscle trainer for duration of six weeks. Outcome Measures: Pulmonary Function Test was analyzed using spirometry. Results: Statistical analysis shows, the mean and standard deviation value is 1.5380 and .84736 in pretest and the mean and standard deviation is 1.71 and .88752 with respect to tidal volume which shows significant improvement at p value> 0.038, whereas the other components like Duration of Inspiration, Total Lung Volume/Inspiration Time, Total Lung Volume, Inspiratory Capacity, Inspiration Time/Respiration Time, Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in One second (FEV1) not showed an significant improvement. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training using ULTRABREATHE on pulmonary function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy children showed improvement only in Tidal Volume whereas all other components not showed a significant improvement.

Physical activity is also defined as a bodily movement which is produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. The Daily physical activity can reduce the risk factors such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and juvenile diabetes mellitus, improves functional health and weight control. Due to lack of physical activity, the children can become overweight or obese. To find the association of physical activity with flexibility in healthy, overweight and obese children. Non-experimental, observational study and 100 samples were taken based on inclusion criteria to find the association of physical activity on flexibility in normal, overweight, obese children, between the age group of 11 - 13 years by using physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C), Body Mass Index in percentile and, sit and reach test as outcome measures. The study setting was Sree Sankara BalaVidhyalaya School. The physical activity questionnaire was given to them and asked to fill the (PAQ-C) questionnaire, and the flexibility of each child was checked by sit and reach test. The score of the questionnaire and sit and reach test value was recorded. The results showed that there was no significant association in physical activity and flexibility in overweight and obese children. Whereas the physical activity was low among obese children than healthy weight and overweight children, and the flexibility was low among healthy children.

The Geriatric syndrome includes a series of representation which may be related to ageing such as delirium, falls, incontinence and frailty. Frailty is a common clinical syndrome in geriatric population that supports the weight of enhancing the risk of poor health outcomes, including the falls incident, disability, hospitalization and mortality. This study aims to find out the Correlation of Hand Grip, Gait Speed and Physical Activity with Frailty Index in Geriatric Population. It is an observational study done with convenient sampling with 40 participants of both the sexes were selected based on the selection criteria. The frailty of participants was assessed by a questionnaire which contains 41 components known as “Frailty Index”. An administered interviewer reported that. Hand-Held Dynamometer measured hand Grip. A 10-meter walk test assessed gait speed. The Physical Activity Scale assessed physical activity for The Elderly (PASE). The results showed that PASE Score, for the age group between 60-69 years people have high PASE score 100.9 than the age group of peoples 70-79 years, 80-89 years and 90-97 years with a score of 71.49, 36.17, 6.5 respectively. There is a negative correlation of frailty index with hand grip (r = -0.314), gait speed (r = -0.313) and Physical activity. The study concluded that there was a negative correlation of handgrip, gait speed and physical activity with frailty index in the geriatric population.

Pediatric oncology has a major role in research. This paper discuss about the ethical consequences ofphysiotherapy care and research in Pediatric Oncology. Empirical ethics is a broad division,grasping,difference in indicatingethics and empirical research. A major Australian tertiary teaching hospital revealsthat 65 % of patient presents with specific indication for physiotherapy, in that only12.8% are receivingphysiotherapy. Indications includes in physiotherapy care are pain, lymph- oedema, incontinence, respiratoryand musculoskeletal Problems also it includes hard to move. Physiotherapy has extensive role inpalliativeoncology, it also has large preventative ,educative and supportive roles to play and provides independentand complementary therapies for physical debility and pain. Pain from reflex spasm and contracture aredealt with Physiotherapists. Founded that no reference based on standard of life and quality-adjusted lifeyears in terms of preventing dependance and avoid hospitalisation. Treatment of pediatric oncology oftenhas physically, socially and psychologically demands. Always there must be some ethical reason for allthe decision on treatment and care for a patient with cancer. It is a fact that ethics needs not only all thestakeholders to do the right things but also it needs the one who do it in the right way. Research practice hasled us to great advances in pediatric oncology and the proportion is greater in children than adults. Obtainingthe informed consent and assent was the most important ethical challenges faced during the research.

Background: Physiotherapists were at high risk of getting work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists in India was limited. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists. Methods: Non-experimental design. 210 samples were taken applying both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Nordic questionnaire was used to find the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists. Result: Neck region was affected more among both clinical and teaching physiotherapists at a rate of clinical- 62.4% and in teaching- 63.8%. Teaching physiotherapists were affected more than clinical physiotherapists. Followed by back region was affected.i.e. lower back was affected more than upper back at the prevalence of lower back- 61% and upper back - 51.8%.the prevalence of knee was next to back region at the percentage of 29.1% and in the sidewise left knee was affected more than right knee (left knee-12.1, right knee - 10.6% and both knees -6.4%). Conclusion: Therefore, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among both clinical and teaching physiotherapists were at a high rate.

Background: Innominate up-slip sacroiliac joint dysfunction accounts for 10% to 20% of all sacroiliac joint dysfunctions. There are not enough studies indicating the efficacy of muscle energy techniques on innominate up-slip sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of muscle energy technique to quadratus lumborum for treating innominate up-slip sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Methodology: A case study, a male of age 44, who was diagnosed with innominate up-slip sacroiliac joint dysfunction, was included in the study and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain was assessed and Oswestry disability index (ODI) was asked to be filled. Gillet test was performed before intervention which again was performed after the intervention. Supine to sit test was performed to assess the limb length discrepancy and was performed again after the intervention. Muscle energy technique was applied for two weeks. Pre and post outcome measures were recorded and compared. Results: The pre intervention score reflected the visual analog scale was 7; Oswestry disability index was 72%, Gillet test to be positive. The post intervention score reflected the visual analog scale was 0; Oswestry disability index was 4%, and Gillet test to be negative. Supine to sit test showed that there was a limb length discrepancy of 5 cm both at supine and prone. The pre and post interventions when compared showed significant effect of muscle energy technique on up-slip innominate sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Conclusion: Muscle energy technique was effective on treating innominate up-slip sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Background: Obesity is the worldwide epidemic and is characterized by excess adipose tissue. It contributes to numerous chronic diseases and early mortality. With urbanization and development there is reduction in physical activity. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of lumbar flexors and extensors muscle strengthening exercises on Waist-Hip Ratio in overweight adolescents. Study Design: Quasi experimental study design, pre and post type. Procedure: 34 subjects were conveniently selected based on Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria and randomly divided in to 2 groups. Group-A and Group-B. Each Group consists of 17 samples. Lumbar flexors and extensors strengthening exercises given to Group A and Group B free from strengthening exercises. Outcome Measures: Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio and Skin Fold Thickness at the abdomen. Results: Statistical analysis was done by using paired “t” test which showed more significant improvement in Group A. Conclusion: The study was concluded that Experimental group with exercise program showed statistical significant decrease in Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference and Skin Fold Thickness at the abdomen but no statistical significant reduction in Waist-Hip Ratio. Control group, who were not given any intervention showed increase in the waist circumference, hip circumference, waist- hip ratio and skin fold thickness at the abdomen.

Low back pain is one of the major cause for frequent medical consultation among world .In most of the cases reasons were unknown. Now a days people are using hip movements at reduced rate in day to day life which became one of the serious factors for causing low back pain . The main aim of the study was to check the hip range of motion for mechanical chronic low back pain patients. Study design was non experimental and study type was observational and sub type was cross sectional. 120 Subjects were selected applying both inclusion and exclusion criteria .Using goniometry hip joint range of motion was calculated . The result of the study confirms that hip joint range of motion was greatly reduced for mechanical chronic low back pain patients. The study concluded that there was significant reduction in hip joint range of motion for mechanical chronic low back pain patients. So Physiotherapy intervention for chronic low back pain patients should include hip joint range of motion exercises.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of home exercise program on shoulder pain and functional status in male construction workers.Methods: Study design was quasi-experimental study, subjects were 30 male construction workers, n=15 Group A (experimental) and n=15 Group B (control). Subjects in the experimental group were instructed in a 6 weeks home exercise program, Group B subjects were treated with only ergonomic advices. The outcome measurements were visual analog scale and shoulder pain and disability index.Results: The results of this study showed that significant reduction in pain and improvement in the functional status of construction workers in Group A than Group B.Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant reduction in shoulder pain and improvement in functional status by home exercise program than ergonomic advices in male construction workers.

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the anterior pelvic tilt for both males and females of low back pain patients.Methods: Observational type. Procedure: Totally, 120 subjects were approached. In that 70 were males and 50 were females. Using i@handyapplication in mobile anterior pelvic tilt was calculated among low back pain patients.Results: Anterior pelvic tilt was increased in low back pain patients (male - 14.15° and female - 16.26°). In that correlation between males and visualanalog scale (VAS) was not significant. However, there was a significant correlation found in female anterior pelvic tilt and VAS (p