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10. Analysing practices, social representations and behaviours of socio-hydro systems' actors

Author

Barreteau, Olivier, Bonte, Bruno, Caballero, Yvan, Dubois, Emmanuel, Farolfi, Stefano, Garin, Patrice, Hérivaux, Cécile, Jourdain, Damien, Le Coënt, Philippe, Malard, Julien, Montginoul, Marielle, Morardet, Sylvie, Neverre, Noémie, Barreteau, Olivier, Bonte, Bruno, Caballero, Yvan, Dubois, Emmanuel, Farolfi, Stefano, Garin, Patrice, Hérivaux, Cécile, Jourdain, Damien, Le Coënt, Philippe, Malard, Julien, Montginoul, Marielle, Morardet, Sylvie, and Neverre, Noémie

Abstract

This working paper presents and discusses the approaches and methods used by the PRECOS Team of the G-Eau research unit to analyse practices, social representations and behaviours of socio-hydro systems' actors. Four groups of methods are presented: 1) surveys, interviews, and focus groups, 2) stated preferences, 3) experimental economics, 4) hybrid methods. A wide literature review is provided for each group of methods, facilitating a better understanding of the tools proposed. Through examples and concrete applications, the methods are compared and their advantages and limitations discussed. The paper concludes that there is no ideal method for the analysis of actors' practices, social representations and behaviours in socio-hydro systems, and suggests moving in the direction of transversality and interdisciplinarity, by adapting the existing methods to the specificities of the socio-hydro systems and producing hybrid methods that benefit from the complementarity of the original methods.

Published
2022

11. Analysing practices, social representations and behaviours of socio-hydro systems' actors: G-Eau Working Paper

Author

Barreteau, Olivier, Bonté, Bruno, Caballero, Yvan, Dubois, Emmanuel, Farolfi, Stefano, Garin, Patrice, Hérivaux, Cécile, Jourdain, Damien, Le Coent, Philippe, Malard, Julien, Montginoul, Marielle, Morardet, Sylvie, Neverre, Noémie, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM), and UMR G-Eau WP

Subjects
Practices, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Water, Hybrid method, Behaviour, Socio-Hydro systems, Actors, Social representations
Abstract

This working paper presents and discusses the approaches and methods used by the PRECOS Team of the G-Eau research unit to analyse practices, social representations and behaviours of sociohydro systems’ actors. Four groups of methods are presented: 1) surveys, interviews, and focus groups, 2) stated preferences, 3) experimental economics, 4) hybrid methods. A wide literature review is provided for each group of methods, facilitating a better understanding of the tools proposed. Through examples and concrete applications, the methods are compared and their advantages and limitations discussed. The paper concludes that there is no ideal method for the analysis of actors’ practices, social representations and behaviours in socio-hydro systems, and suggests moving in the direction of transversality and interdisciplinarity, by adapting the existing methods to the specificities of the socio hydro systems and producing hybrid methods that benefit from the complementarity of the original methods

Published
2022

13. Dynamically Coupling System Dynamics and SWAT+ Models using Tinamït: Applications of Modular Tools for Coupled Human-Water Systems Models.

Author

Harms, Joel Z., Malard, Julien J., Adamowski, Jan F., Sharma, Ashutosh, and Nkwasa, Albert

Abstract

Participatory water resources management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible, yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, System Dynamics (SD) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for water resources modelling. In contrast, physically-based models are more appropriate to model the hydrological components of coupled human-water systems. Proposed as a way to combine the relative strengths of both modelling paradigms, model coupling allows researchers to build participatory SD models with stakeholders, while delegating the hydrological components of the overall model to an external hydrological model. Recently developed to facilitate model coupling, the Tinamït Python package presents an extensible outward-facing Application Programming Interface (API). It allows for the development of extensions (wrappers) that expand compatibility with different physically-based models. However, no watershed hydrological model has yet been connected to this API. In the present study, a socket and JavaScript Object Notation-based communication protocol was developed with the goal of facilitating the coupling of models written in languages such as FORTRAN. This novel protocol served to develop a Tinamïtcompatible wrapper for the hydrological model SWAT+, allowing it to be coupled to human-water SD models. The novel coupling protocol was then applied to a case study of Tanzania's Usa Basin. This approach provides the modeler with the benefits of both physically-based and SD models, thereby allowing the detection of potential far-reaching effects of policy decisions, within a system that remains flexible and easily adaptable to other watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. Méthodes pour la modélisation dynamique des composantes socioéconomiques et biologiques des systèmes agricoles à petite échelle

Author

Malard, Julien, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université McGill, Jan Adamowski, and Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez

Subjects
Réseaux trophiques, Participatory modelling, Modélisation participative, Dynamiques des systèmes, Agroécologie, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

Smallholder agriculture is central to agricultural and food systems throughout the world and contributes significantly to human nutrition and economy, especially in the case of Indigenous communities. At the same time, small-scale agricultural systems are particularly complex as well as agroecologically and socioeconomically diverse. This structural diversity strongly influences their long-term behaviour and sustainability, along with the well-being of the communities that depend on them. Nevertheless, and despite their importance to world nutrition, smallholder agricultural systems (and in particular Indigenous ones) are faced with particularly challenging socioeconomic, as well as environmental and climatic, conditions.In this context, the use of computer modelling tools could contribute to a better management of these complex socioenvironmental systems while facilitating the development of sustainable policies that are cognizant of the reciprocal relationships between environment, society and economy that characterise these systems. Despite the frequent application of participatory modelling to socioenvironmental (such as sociohydrological) systems as well as to the analysis of large-scale agricultural systems, several challenges remain regarding the application of modelling tools to the evaluation and design of small-scale agricultural systems.On the socioeconomic side, the complexity of the interactions between social, economic and environmental variables in agricultural systems often generates counterintuitive behaviours and responses. System dynamics modelling is a promising approach with regards to the participatory modelling of such systems; nonetheless, a frequent lack of temporal data regarding the key variables of small-scale agricultural systems, combined with the difficulty associated with representing complex biophysical processes such as climate change and crop growth in a system dynamics environment, complicate the successful application of these methods.On the ecological and environmental side, small-scale agricultural systems display a wide diversity of agroecological food webs that are responsible for pest pressures and thereby exert a strong influence on final yields. However, no uniform methodological framework for modelling agroecological food web population dynamics has been developed to date.This thesis proposes new methodologies and software tools to address these gaps in the literature. On the socioeconomic side, the thesis proposes participatory system dynamics modelling methods to evaluate the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems, using the comparison of two different Indigenous small-scale agricultural systems (one prioritising commercial agriculture, and the other self-sufficiency) as case studies. The newly proposed methodologies include 1) the development of a calibration and validation methodology based on hierarchical Bayesian inference to allow for system dynamics model calibration when temporal data is hard to come by, as well as 2) the development of a generic software tool to facilitate coupling between socioeconomic system dynamics models and external physically-based models (such as a cropping model). The results of the application of this methodology to Guatemala indicate that the participatory methodology was successful at identifying key variables and relationships between the socioeconomic and environmental spheres, while model coupling allowed for the generation of more precise and realistic predictions than would have been possible in the absence of an external physically-based model. On the agroecological side, this thesis presents 3) a better theoretical foundation for the modelling of predation in food webs, and 4) a methodological framework and generic software tool for building agroecological food web population dynamics models. The results presented in this thesis offer the first theoretical evidence, based on calibrated model simulations, of the ecological dynamics behind pest resurgence in fields under synthetic chemical control and also demonstrate the utility of a predictive modelling-based integrated pest management approach.The results of this thesis may be of use for the design of agricultural development programmes targeted towards small-scale agricultural communities, especially in the context of Indigenous regions.; La agricultura a pequeña escala representa un componente central de los sistemas agroalimentarios mundiales y, por lo mismo, contribuyen de manera importante y a la economía, la alimentación humana, particularmente en las comunidades Indígenas. Los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala son particularmente complejos y diversos en los ámbitos socioeconómicos tanto como los agroecológicos, y esta diversidad estructural determina fuertemente el comportamiento y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo tanto del sistema como de las comunidades que dependen de él. No obstante, y a pesar de su importancia para la alimentación mundial, los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala, y en particular los que apoyan las comunidades Indígenas, se enfrentan a grandes desafíos de orden socioeconómico, así como ambiental y climático.En este contexto, la utilización de herramientas de modelización informática podría contribuir a una mejor gestión de estos sistemas socioambientales y al mismo tiempo fomentar el desarrollo de políticas públicas sostenibles que tomen en cuenta las relaciones recíprocas entre ambiente, sociedad y economía que caracterizan el funcionamiento de estos sistemas. Mientras tanto, y a pesar del uso frecuente de modelos participativos en el análisis de sistemas socioambientales (p. ej., la sociohidrología) tanto como de sistemas agrícolas a gran escala, varios desafíos quedan frente a la aplicación de la modelización informática, a la evaluación y a la conceptualización de los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala.Del lado socioeconómico, la complejidad de las interacciones entre variables sociales, económicas y ambientales genera frecuentemente comportamientos y respuestas contradictorias de parte de los sistemas agrícolas. La modelización de dinámica de sistemas ofrece una metodología interesante hacia la simulación participativa de estos sistemas. No obstante, la falta de datos temporales de las variables claves de la mayoría de los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala, combinada con la dificultad asociada a la representación de los procesos biofísicos complejos (tales como los cambios climáticos o el crecimiento de los cultivos) en un ambiente de dinámica de sistemas complican la aplicación de esta metodología a los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala.Del lado ecológico y ambiental, estos sistemas incluyen una gran diversidad de redes tróficas agroecológicas, las cuales determinan las presiones de las plagas sobre los cultivos y por lo tanto ejercen una fuerte influencia en los rendimientos finales. No obstante, ningún cuadro metodológico estandardizado para la modelización de las dinámicas poblacionales de las redes tróficas agroecológicas ha sido desarrollado.En este contexto, la presente tesis propone nuevos métodos y herramientas informáticas que contribuyen a responder a estas necesidades. Del lado socioeconómico, propone metodologías participativas de dinámica de sistemas para evaluar la sostenibilidad ambiental y socioeconómica de los sistemas agrícolas a pequeña escala, en el contexto de la comparación de dos sistemas agrícolas Indígenas a pequeña escala en Guatemala (uno orientado hacia el mercado comercial, y el otro hacia la autosuficiencia). Los nuevos métodos propuestos incluyen 1) el desarrollo de una metodología de calibración y de validación espacial de los modelos de dinámicas de sistemas aplicable a situaciones donde los datos temporales son difíciles de encontrar, y 2) el desarrollo de una herramienta informática genérica para facilitar la conexión entre modelos de dinámica de sistemas y modelos físicos externos, tales como los modelos de cultivos. Los resultados de la aplicación de esta metodología a Guatemala indican que la metodología participativa de dinámica de sistemas identifica exitosamente las variables y las relaciones claves de los sistemas socioeconómicos y ambientales, y que la conexión de los modelos genera previsiones más precisas y realistas que hubieran sido posibles sin el uso de un modelo físico externo. Del lado agroecológico, la tesis presenta 3) una mejor fundamentación teórica para la modelización de la depredación en las redes tróficas, así como 4) un cuadro metodológico y una herramienta informática genérica para la modelización de las dinámicas poblacionales de las redes tróficas agroecológicas. Los resultados presentan la primera evidencia teórica, basada en la modelización calibrada, de las dinámicas ecológicas detrás del resurgimiento de las plagas bajo regímenes de control químico y demuestran la utilidad de la gestión integrada y basada en modelización predictiva de las plagas.Los aportes de esta tesis serán útiles en el contexto de la planificación de intervenciones de desarrollo agrícola para comunidades agrícolas a pequeña escala, en particular en el contexto de las regiones Indígenas.; L’agriculture à petite échelle est une composante clef des systèmes agroalimentaires au niveau mondiale et contribue de manière importante et à l’économie, et à l’alimentation humaine, et ce, en tout particulier dans le cas des communautés Indigènes. Les systèmes agricoles à petite échelle sont particulièrement complexes et diverses sur les plans socioéconomiques autant qu’agronomiques et écologiques, et c’est cette diversité structurelle, entre autres, qui détermine le comportement et la durabilité au long terme des systèmes agricoles et le bien-être des communautés qui en dépendent. Malgré leur importance à l’alimentation mondiale, les systèmes agricoles à petite échelle, en tout particulier ceux qui supportent des communautés Indigènes, font face à de graves défis d’ordre socioéconomique de même qu’environnemental et climatique.Dans ce contexte, l’utilisation des outils de modélisation informatique pourrait contribuer à une meilleure gestion de ces systèmes socioenvironnementaux complexes tout en favorisant le développement de politiques durables qui prennent en compte les relations réciproques entre environnement, société et économie qui caractérisent le fonctionnement de ces systèmes. Cependant, et malgré l’application fréquente des modèles participatifs envers les systèmes socioenvironnementaux (tel que la sociohydrologie) de même qu’à l’analyse des systèmes agricoles à grande échelle, plusieurs barrières s’opposent à l’application de la modélisation informatique à l’évaluation et à la conceptualisation des systèmes agricoles à petite échelle.Du côté socioéconomique, la complexité des interactions entre variables sociales, économiques et environnementales génère fréquemment des comportements et des réponses contre-intuitives de la part des systèmes agricoles. La modélisation des dynamiques des systèmes est une approche prometteuse envers la simulation participative de ces systèmes; toutefois, le manque de données temporelles des variables clefs de la majorité des systèmes agricoles à petite échelle, de même que la difficulté associée à la représentation des processus biophysiques complexes (tels les changements climatiques ou la croissance des cultures) dans un environnement des dynamiques des systèmes compliquent l’application de cette méthodologie à l’analyse des systèmes agricoles à petite échelle.Du côté écologique et environnemental, ces systèmes incluent une grande diversité de réseaux trophiques agroécologiques qui déterminent les pressions des ravageurs et influencent de manière importante les rendements finaux. Cependant, aucun cadre méthodologique uniformisé n’existe pour la modélisation des dynamiques des populations des réseaux trophiques agroécologiques.La présente thèse propose des nouvelles méthodes et outils informatiques dans le but de contribuer à combler ces lacunes. Du côté socioéconomique, elle propose des méthodes participatives axées sur les dynamiques des systèmes pour évaluer la durabilité environnementale et socioéconomique des systèmes agricoles à petite échelle, dans le contexte de la comparaison de deux systèmes agricoles à petite échelle et Indigènes au Guatemala (l’un orienté vers le marché commercial, l’autre vers l’autosuffisance). Les nouvelles méthodes proposées incluent 1) le développement d’une méthodologie de calibration et validation spatiale axée sur l’inférence hiérarchique bayésienne qui permet la calibration des modèles des dynamiques des systèmes lorsque les données temporelles se font rares, de même que 2) le développement d’un outil informatique générique qui facilite le couplage des modèles des dynamiques des systèmes socioéconomiques aux modèles physiques externes, tel un modèle des cultures. Les résultats de l’application de cette méthodologie au Guatemala indiquent que la méthodologie participative des dynamiques des systèmes décèle bien les variables et relations clefs de ces systèmes socioéconomiques et environnementaux, et que le couplage des modèles génère des prévisions plus précises et réalistes qu’auraient été possibles dans l’absence du modèle physique externe. Du côté agroécologique, la thèse présente 3) une meilleure fondation théorique pour la modélisation de la prédation au sein des réseaux trophiques et 4) un cadre méthodologique et un outil informatique générique pour la modélisation des dynamiques populationnelles des réseaux trophiques agroécologiques. Les résultats présentent la première évidence théorique, axée sur la modélisation calibrée, des dynamiques écologiques responsables de la résurgence des ravageurs dans les systèmes sous contrôle chimique et font démonstration de l’utilité de la gestion intégrée des ravageurs axée sur la modélisation prédictive.Les résultats de cette thèse seront utiles lors de la planification des projets de développement agricole auprès des communautés agricoles à petite échelle, en tout particulier dans le contexte des régions Indigènes.; உலகெங்கிலும் உள்ள உணவு மற்றும் வேளாண் அமைப்புகளுக்கு, சிறு-குறு விவசாயம் முக்கியமானதாகும். இந்த விவசாய அமைப்புகள், குறிப்பாக பழங்குடி சமூகங்களின் பொருளாதாரம் மற்றும் ஊட்டச்சத்திற்கு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க பங்களிப்பை அளிக்கிறது. இருப்பின சிறு-குறு விவசாய முறைகள் என்றும் சிக்கலானவை. அத்துடன் வேளாண் அறிவியல் மற்றும் சமூக பொருளாதார ரீதியாக மாறுபட்டவை. இந்த கட்டமைப்பின் பன்முகத்தன்மைதான் வேளாண் அமைப்புகளின் நீண்டகால செயல்பாட்டையும், நிலைத்தன்மையையும் வலுவாக பாதிக்கிறது. மேலும் அவ்வமைப்புகளைச் சார்ந்து இருக்கும் சமூக நல்வாழ்வின் பின்தகு நிலைக்குக் காரணமாகவும் அமைகிறது. உலக ஊட்டச்சத்துக்குச் சிறு தொழில் வேளாண் அமைப்புகளின் முக்கியத்துவம் அதிகம் இருந்தாலும், இவ்வமைப்புகள் (குறிப்பாக பழங்குடியைச் சார்ந்தவை) தற்போது சமூக பொருளாதாரம், சுற்றுச்சூழல் மற்றும் வானிலை சார்ந்த சவால்களை அதிகம் எதிர்கொள்கின்றது. இந்த சூழலில், சிக்கலான சமூக சுற்றுசூழல் அமைப்புகளின் பொருத்தமான மேலாண்மைக்காக கணினி உருவகப்படுத்துதல் கருவிகள் உபயோகமாக இருக்கும். இந்த வகையான கருவிகளால் சுற்றுச்சூழலுக்கும், சமூகத்திற்கும் பொருளாதாரத்திற்கும் இடையில் உள்ள பரஸ்பர உறவுகளை எல்லாம் கணக்கில் எடுத்து நிலையான கொள்கைகள் உருவாக்கப்படும். சமூக நீரியல் போன்ற சமூக சுற்றுச்சூழல் புலங்களிலும், பெரிய அளவிலான வேளாண்மை புலத்திலும் பங்கேற்பு உருவகப்படுத்துதல் அடிக்கடி உபயோகப்படும் என்றாலும் , சிறிய அளவிலான வேளாண்மையின் விஷயத்தில் கணினி உருவகப்படுத்துதலின் வெற்றிகரமான உபயோகத்திற்குச் சில தடைகள் உள்ளன. சமூக பொருளாதார பகுதியில், வேளாண் அமைப்புகளைச் சார்ந்த சமூக, பொருளாதார மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாறிகளுக்கு இடையிலான தொடர்பினால் ஏற்படும் சிக்கலானது எதிர்பாராத நடத்தைகளை உருவாக்கும். இந்த சூழலில் அமைப்பு இயக்கவியல் மாதிரியமைத்தல் என்பது இந்த அமைப்புகளின் பங்கேற்பு முறை உருவகப்படுத்துதலுக்காக ஒரு உபயோகமான முறை ஆகும். ஆயினும், இந்த அமைப்புகளின் முக்கியமான மாறிகளுக்குச் சம்பந்தமாக கிடைக்கும் தரவுகளின் குறைவும், அதற்கு மேல் வானிலை மாற்றம், பயிர் வளர்ச்சி போன்ற சிக்கலான உயிர் இயற்பியல் செயல்முறைகளும், அமைப்பு இயக்கவியல் சூழலில் உருவகப்படுத்துதலுக்குத் தொடர்புடைய சிரமமும், சிறிய அளவிலான விவசாயப் புலத்தில் இந்த செய்முறையின் உபயோகத்திற்கு முக்கியமான தொழில்நுட்ப தடைகள் ஆகும். சுற்றுச்சூழல் சார்பில், விவசாய அமைப்புகளைச் சார்ந்த வேளாண் உணவு வலைகள், பூச்சிகளின் தாக்கத்தைக் குறைத்து இறுதி விளைச்சலை உயர்த்தி, தன் பரந்த பன்முகத்தன்மையைக் காட்டுகின்றன. இருப்பினும், வேளாண் சூழல் உணவு வலைகளின் மக்கள் தொகை இயக்கவியல்களை, உருவகப்படுத்தும் செயல்முறை இன்றுவரை உருவாக்கப்படவில்லை. இந்த ஆய்வறிக்கையால் மேல்கண்ட கேள்விகளுக்கு பதில் கொடுக்கும் புதுமையான முறைகளும், கணினி கருவிகளும் முன்மொழியப்படுகின்றன. சமூக பொருளியல் புலத்தில், சிறிய அளவிலான வேளாண்மை அமைப்புகளின் பேண்தகுநிலையை சோதிக்கும் அமைப்பு இயக்கவியலுடன் சார்ந்து பங்கேற்பு செய்யும் முறைகளை முன்மொழியப்படுகின்றன. இந்த ஆராய்ச்சி குவாத்தமாலாவில் உள்ள இரண்டு வெவ்வேறு பழங்குடி குறுநில வேளாண் அமைப்புகளை ஒப்பிடுகிறது. ஓர் அமைப்பு வணிக வேளாண்மை உற்பத்தி செய்தாலும், இரண்டாவது அமைப்பு முன்னுரிமையில் தன்நிறைவு உற்பத்தி செய்கிறது. இந்த ஆய்வறிக்கையால் முன்மொழியப்பட்டப் புதுமையான முறைகளால் கீழ்கண்ட கண்டுபிடிப்புகள் பங்களிப்படுகின்றன. ௧) குறைந்த கால அளவு தரவுகளுக்குப் பொருத்தமான இடஞ்சார்ந்த அளவுத்திருத்தத்திற்கும் சரிபார்த்தலுக்கும் படிநிலை பேயசின் அனுமானம் சார்ந்து செய்முறைகள் முன்மொழியப்படுகின்றன. ௨) பயிர் வளர்ச்சி போன்ற வெளிப்புற இயற்பியல் மாதிரிகளையும் சமூக பொருளாதார அமைப்பு இயக்கவியல் மாதிரிகளையும் இணைக்கும் ஒரு பொதுவான கணினி மென்பொருள் கருவி உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. இந்த கருவியை குவாத்தமாலாவில் உபயோகிக்கும் பொழுது, அமைப்பு இயக்கவியல் பங்கேற்பு முறைகளால் சமூக பொருளாதார மற்றும் சுற்றுசூழல் அமைப்புகளின் முக்கியமான மாறிகளும் உறவுகளும் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டன. மேலும், தனிப்பட்ட அமைப்பு இயக்கவியல் மாதிரியால் கூடியதை விட யதார்த்தமாகவும் துல்லியமாகவும் முன்னறிவிப்புகள் இணைக்கப்பட்ட மாதிரிகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. வேளாண் சுற்றுச்சூழல் புலத்தில், இந்த ஆய்வறிக்கை ௩) ஒரு சிறந்த தத்துவார்த்தத்தை முன்வைக்கும், உணவு வலைகளில் வேட்டையாடலை மாதிரியாக்குவதற்கான அடித்தளம் மற்றும், ௪) ஒரு முறைசார் கட்டமைப்பு மற்றும் வேளாண் உணவு வலைகளின் மக்கள் தொகை இயக்கவியல் மாதிரிகளை உருவாக்குவதற்கான பொதுவான மென்பொருள் கருவிகளும் வடிவமைக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்த ஆய்வறிக்கையின் முடிவுகளால் முதல் முறையாக இரசாயன கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்கு கீழே உள்ள வேளாண் வயல்களில் தீமை செய்யும் பூச்சிகளின் மீட்டெழுச்சிக்கு மூல காரணமான சுற்றுசூழல் இயக்கவியல்களும், முன்கணிப்பு மாதிரியமைத்தல் மூலமாக ஒருங்கிணைந்த தீங்கு செய்யும் பூச்சி கட்டுபடுத்தும் மேலாண்மையையும் வழிவகுக்கின்றன. இந்த ஆய்வறிக்கையின் முடிவுகள் வேளாண் மேம்பாட்டுத் திட்டங்களின் வடிவமைப்பிற்குப் பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும், குறுநில வேளாண் சமூகங்களில், குறிப்பாக, பழங்குடியின் பகுதிகளுக்கு உபயோகமாக இருக்கும்.

Published
2020

18. Storytelling and participatory system dynamics modelling for water resources management in Lake Atitlán of Tz’olöj Ya’ in Mayan Guatemala | Tzijonem rik’in rub’anom ruk’utb’äl rusilonem nuk’ulem roma rukusaxïk ya’ pa ri choy Atitlán, Tz’olöj Ya’, Iximulew | Narativos y modelización participativa de dinámicas de sistemas para el manejo de recursos de agua en el lago Atitlán, Tz’olöj Ya’, Guatemala

Author

Malard, Julien Jean, Nassar, Jessica Bou, Adamowski, Jan, Mak'uux (Marco) Ramírez Ramírez, and Tuy, Héctor

Published
2020
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29. Relación entre la diversidad pecuaria y la seguridad alimentaria de pequeños productores agropecuarios en Guatemala

Author

Malard, Julien J., Dallmann, Diana, Bui, Ahn, Yin, Lillian, García-Winder, Miguel, Monardes, Humberto, and Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo

Abstract

Una gran parte de la población mundial depende de la agricultura para su subsistencia y, por este motivo, la misma juega un papel importante en la lucha contra la pobreza y la subnutrición. Numerosos estudios han confirmado la importancia de la variedad de cultivos para la seguridad y diversidad alimentaria de pequeños productores; sin embargo, se ha analizado poco la relación entre la diversidad pecuaria y la seguridadalimentaria. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto de la diversidad pecuaria en la seguridad alimentaria de pequeños productores agropecuarios, con las metas específicas de: 1) determinar qué índice de diversidad ecológica sería más apropiado para medir la diversidad pecuaria de pequeños productores agropecuarios; 2) establecer si hay relación entre esta medida de diversidad y el estado de seguridad alimentaria del hogar; y 3) explorar la relación entre la diversidad adentro y entre varios grupos funcionales de animales y la seguridad alimentaria del hogar.Este estudio transversal utilizó datos de encuestas de hogares de pequeños productores agropecuarios de Guatemala, del 2011 (n=2577). Se evaluaron varios índices de diversidad pecuaria y se analizó, con el uso del modelo de enlaces acumulativos, su asociación con el estado de seguridad alimentaria del hogar. El índice de diversidad de Shannon se identificó como el índice más apropiado para representar la diversidad pecuaria de pequeños productores. Una mayor diversidad pecuaria en general, así como adentro de y entre varios grupos funcionales de animales pecuarios, se asociaron auna mejor seguridad alimentaria.

Published
2019

30. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH)–a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P.J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., Zhang, Yongqiang, Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P.J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

Published
2019

31. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective

Author

Bloeschl, Gunter, Bierkens, Marc F. P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H. G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Jose, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andreassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, de Amorim, Pablo Borges, Boettcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P. J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Bjoern, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlavacikova, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnova, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahe, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Mueller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent, Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, Maria J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Ramos, Maria-Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sa, Joao H. M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., Zhang, Yongqiang, Bloeschl, Gunter, Bierkens, Marc F. P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H. G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Jose, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andreassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, de Amorim, Pablo Borges, Boettcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P. J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Bjoern, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlavacikova, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnova, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahe, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Mueller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent, Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, Maria J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Ramos, Maria-Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sa, Joao H. M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

Published
2019
Full Text
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32. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective

Author

Blösch, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F. P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H. G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Jose, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andreassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, de Amorim, Pablo Borges, Boettcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P. J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Bjoern, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlavacikova, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnova, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahe, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Mueller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, Maria J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Ramos, Maria-Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, Jose Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sa, Joao H. M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., Zhang, Yongqiang, Blösch, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F. P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H. G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Jose, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andreassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, de Amorim, Pablo Borges, Boettcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P. J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Bjoern, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlavacikova, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnova, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahe, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Mueller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, Maria J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Ramos, Maria-Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, Jose Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sa, Joao H. M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

Published
2019
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33. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH)–a community perspective

Author

Hydrologie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P.J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., Zhang, Yongqiang, Hydrologie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., de Barros, Felipe P.J., de Rooij, Gerrit, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, A. B., Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria Helena, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Steinsland, Ingelin, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Tian, Fuqiang, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, van der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, van Nooijen, Ronald, van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Published
2019

35. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, primary, Bierkens, Marc F.P., additional, Chambel, Antonio, additional, Cudennec, Christophe, additional, Destouni, Georgia, additional, Fiori, Aldo, additional, Kirchner, James W., additional, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., additional, Savenije, Hubert H.G., additional, Sivapalan, Murugesu, additional, Stumpp, Christine, additional, Toth, Elena, additional, Volpi, Elena, additional, Carr, Gemma, additional, Lupton, Claire, additional, Salinas, Josè, additional, Széles, Borbála, additional, Viglione, Alberto, additional, Aksoy, Hafzullah, additional, Allen, Scott T., additional, Amin, Anam, additional, Andréassian, Vazken, additional, Arheimer, Berit, additional, Aryal, Santosh K., additional, Baker, Victor, additional, Bardsley, Earl, additional, Barendrecht, Marlies H., additional, Bartosova, Alena, additional, Batelaan, Okke, additional, Berghuijs, Wouter R., additional, Beven, Keith, additional, Blume, Theresa, additional, Bogaard, Thom, additional, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, additional, Böttcher, Michael E., additional, Boulet, Gilles, additional, Breinl, Korbinian, additional, Brilly, Mitja, additional, Brocca, Luca, additional, Buytaert, Wouter, additional, Castellarin, Attilio, additional, Castelletti, Andrea, additional, Chen, Xiaohong, additional, Chen, Yangbo, additional, Chen, Yuanfang, additional, Chifflard, Peter, additional, Claps, Pierluigi, additional, Clark, Martyn P., additional, Collins, Adrian L., additional, Croke, Barry, additional, Dathe, Annette, additional, David, Paula C., additional, de Barros, Felipe P. J., additional, de Rooij, Gerrit, additional, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, additional, Driscoll, Jessica M., additional, Duethmann, Doris, additional, Dwivedi, Ravindra, additional, Eris, Ebru, additional, Farmer, William H., additional, Feiccabrino, James, additional, Ferguson, Grant, additional, Ferrari, Ennio, additional, Ferraris, Stefano, additional, Fersch, Benjamin, additional, Finger, David, additional, Foglia, Laura, additional, Fowler, Keirnan, additional, Gartsman, Boris, additional, Gascoin, Simon, additional, Gaume, Eric, additional, Gelfan, Alexander, additional, Geris, Josie, additional, Gharari, Shervan, additional, Gleeson, Tom, additional, Glendell, Miriam, additional, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, additional, González-Dugo, María P., additional, Grimaldi, Salvatore, additional, Gupta, A. B., additional, Guse, Björn, additional, Han, Dawei, additional, Hannah, David, additional, Harpold, Adrian, additional, Haun, Stefan, additional, Heal, Kate, additional, Helfricht, Kay, additional, Herrnegger, Mathew, additional, Hipsey, Matthew, additional, Hlaváčiková, Hana, additional, Hohmann, Clara, additional, Holko, Ladislav, additional, Hopkinson, Christopher, additional, Hrachowitz, Markus, additional, Illangasekare, Tissa H., additional, Inam, Azhar, additional, Innocente, Camyla, additional, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, additional, Jarihani, Ben, additional, Kalantari, Zahra, additional, Kalvans, Andis, additional, Khanal, Sonu, additional, Khatami, Sina, additional, Kiesel, Jens, additional, Kirkby, Mike, additional, Knoben, Wouter, additional, Kochanek, Krzysztof, additional, Kohnová, Silvia, additional, Kolechkina, Alla, additional, Krause, Stefan, additional, Kreamer, David, additional, Kreibich, Heidi, additional, Kunstmann, Harald, additional, Lange, Holger, additional, Liberato, Margarida L. R., additional, Lindquist, Eric, additional, Link, Timothy, additional, Liu, Junguo, additional, Loucks, Daniel Peter, additional, Luce, Charles, additional, Mahé, Gil, additional, Makarieva, Olga, additional, Malard, Julien, additional, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, additional, Maskey, Shreedhar, additional, Mas-Pla, Josep, additional, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, additional, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, additional, Mernild, Sebastian, additional, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, additional, Montanari, Alberto, additional, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, additional, Nabizadeh, Alireza, additional, Nardi, Fernando, additional, Neale, Christopher, additional, Nesterova, Nataliia, additional, Nurtaev, Bakhram, additional, Odongo, Vincent O., additional, Panda, Subhabrata, additional, Pande, Saket, additional, Pang, Zhonghe, additional, Papacharalampous, Georgia, additional, Perrin, Charles, additional, Pfister, Laurent, additional, Pimentel, Rafael, additional, Polo, María J., additional, Post, David, additional, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, additional, Ramos, Maria-Helena, additional, Renner, Maik, additional, Reynolds, José Eduardo, additional, Ridolfi, Elena, additional, Rigon, Riccardo, additional, Riva, Monica, additional, Robertson, David E., additional, Rosso, Renzo, additional, Roy, Tirthankar, additional, Sá, João H.M., additional, Salvadori, Gianfausto, additional, Sandells, Mel, additional, Schaefli, Bettina, additional, Schumann, Andreas, additional, Scolobig, Anna, additional, Seibert, Jan, additional, Servat, Eric, additional, Shafiei, Mojtaba, additional, Sharma, Ashish, additional, Sidibe, Moussa, additional, Sidle, Roy C., additional, Skaugen, Thomas, additional, Smith, Hugh, additional, Spiessl, Sabine M., additional, Stein, Lina, additional, Steinsland, Ingelin, additional, Strasser, Ulrich, additional, Su, Bob, additional, Szolgay, Jan, additional, Tarboton, David, additional, Tauro, Flavia, additional, Thirel, Guillaume, additional, Tian, Fuqiang, additional, Tong, Rui, additional, Tussupova, Kamshat, additional, Tyralis, Hristos, additional, Uijlenhoet, Remko, additional, van Beek, Rens, additional, van der Ent, Ruud J., additional, van der Ploeg, Martine, additional, Van Loon, Anne F., additional, van Meerveld, Ilja, additional, van Nooijen, Ronald, additional, van Oel, Pieter R., additional, Vidal, Jean-Philippe, additional, von Freyberg, Jana, additional, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, additional, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, additional, Wade, Andrew J., additional, Ward, Philip, additional, Westerberg, Ida K., additional, White, Christopher, additional, Wood, Eric F., additional, Woods, Ross, additional, Xu, Zongxue, additional, Yilmaz, Koray K., additional, and Zhang, Yongqiang, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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42. Assessing agricultural drought at a regional scale using LULC classification, SPI, and vegetation indices: case study in a rainfed agro-ecosystem in Central Mexico.

Author

Sierra-Soler, Andres, Adamowski, Jan, Malard, Julien, Qi, Zhiming, Saadat, Hossein, and Pingale, Santosh

Subjects
VEGETATION & climate, CROP yields, LAND cover, DROUGHTS, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation
Abstract

Satellite observations of the spectral properties of vegetation can provide insights on crop conditions and yield, and, furthermore, can monitor the impact of droughts. In the case of rainfed crops grown for self-sufficiency, a drought can result in significant human suffering, highlighting the need to understand how droughts affect the landscape in such regions. This paper uses remote sensing to assess the phenomenological impacts of two isolated droughts, distinguishing the response of different vegetation covers in semiarid developing regions where rainfed agriculture is common. Using the standardized precipitation index, one normal and two dry years were selected (2000, 2005, and 2011, respectively). An original protocol for land use land cover (LULC) classification that combines climatic, topographic, and reflectance information from 18 Landsat ETM+ images was applied to subsequently distinguish drought effects in different classes through the selected years. Finally, two vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation condition index (VCI)) were calculated to detect drought severity impacts over the different LULC classes. This approach was tested in Central Mexico and provided accurate information on the location and extent of areas affected by drought. The proposed approach can be used as a system for drought risk management in semi-arid developing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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43. Agroecological food webs: modelling a missing piece to climate change adaptation.

Author

Malard, Julien, Adamowski, Jan, Días, Marcela Rojas, Yax, Héctor Tuy, (Nallusamy), ஆனந்தராஜா (Anandaraja) நல்லுசாமி, Arévalo-Rodríguez, Luís Andrés, (Peng), 星谕 (Xingyu) 彭, and Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo

Subjects
*AGRICULTURAL ecology, *AGROBIODIVERSITY, *CLIMATE change, *INTEGRATED pest control, *CLIMATIC zones, *FOOD chains, *SOIL dynamics, *PLANT genetics
Abstract

Agricultural models have progressed significantly over the past decades with regards to their representation of interactions between water, atmosphere, soil dynamics and plant genetics, and these insights have allowed for the generation of many hypothetical analyses and recommendations for food systems adaptation to climate change. However, none of these models currently incorporates interactions between pest and beneficial insects in fields, even though the FAO estimates that poor pest and disease management causes losses of 20-40% of global agricultural output each year. And, even when they are considered, pests are generally treated as exogenous inputs to models, though in reality their pressure on crops is highly modulated by other insects and organisms within the agroecosystem, which may make the difference between a low and unnoticed pest presence in the field and a serious outbreak. This research gap is likely due to the high complexity of such systems and inconvenient properties (high number of variables, missing data for many parameters, and inherent instability) that make their mathematical representations extremely difficult to model and, in particular, successfully calibrate.However, when climate change is expected to increase pest pressures on crops worldwide as well as to introduce new ones, the development of modelling tools to provide predictions and analyses of integrated pest management scenarios for informed decision making becomes increasingly important. We here present a framework for modelling agroecological food webs based on a combination of mechanistic and stochastic population dynamics equations and automated calibration of key agroecological parameters. Using field data from previous studies, we show that the model can represent population dynamics previously observed in the field and could therefore be used in future scenario studies or as a decision support tool for integrated pest management. The tool could also contribute to an increased understanding of and appreciation for the natural biodiversity in agricultural fields that often, but not always, silently prevents pest outbreaks. This research was conducted with Tiko'n, a Python library that automatically manages the more technical of food web modelling and allows users to rapidly build, calibrate and simulate their own food webs based on field data or hypothetical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

45. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Hafzullah Aksoy, Allen, Scott T., Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Amorim, Pablo Borges De, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., Barros, Felipe P. J. De, Rooij, Gerrit De, Baldassarre, Giuliano Di, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Keirnan Fowler, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Shervan Gharari, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, A. B. Gupta, Guse, Björn, Dawei Han, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Inam, Azhar, Camyla Innocente, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Sonu Khanal, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Junguo Liu, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Alireza Nabizadeh, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Bakhram Nurtaev, Odongo, Vincent O., Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Maria-Helena Ramos, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Tirthankar Roy, Sá, João H.M., Gianfausto Salvadori, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Ingelin Steinsland, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Fuqiang Tian, Tong, Rui, Kamshat Tussupova, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, Beek, Rens Van, Ent, Ruud J. Van Der, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Loon, Anne F. Van, Meerveld, Ilja Van, Nooijen, Ronald Van, Oel, Pieter R. Van, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Freyberg, Jana Von, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Zongxue Xu, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Yongqiang Zhang

Subjects
13. Climate action, 6. Clean water
Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

46. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert, Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor R., Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies, Bartošová, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter Reinier, Beven, Keith J., Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thorn A., Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea F., Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Andrian L., Croke, Barry F.W., Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., De Barros, Felipe P.J., De Rooij, Gerrit H., Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eriş, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James M., Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan J.A., Gartsman, Boris I., Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander N., Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, Anil, Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David M., Harpold, Adrian A., Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate V., Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew R., Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Chris D., Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Michael J., Knoben, Wouter J.M., Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla G., Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David K., Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy E., Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel P., Luce, Charles H., Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien J., Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian H., Misstear, Bruce, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia V., Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia A., Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David A., Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria H., Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José E., Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David, Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh G., Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, Van Der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, Van Nooijen, Ronald R.P., Van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip J., Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher J., Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross A., Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Subjects
research agenda, interdisciplinary, hydrology, science questions, 6. Clean water, knowledge gaps
Abstract

Hydrological sciences journal, 64 (10), ISSN:0262-6667, ISSN:2150-3435

47. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Hafzullah Aksoy, Allen, Scott T., Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Amorim, Pablo Borges De, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., Barros, Felipe P. J. De, Rooij, Gerrit De, Baldassarre, Giuliano Di, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Keirnan Fowler, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Shervan Gharari, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, A. B. Gupta, Guse, Björn, Dawei Han, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Inam, Azhar, Camyla Innocente, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Sonu Khanal, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Junguo Liu, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Alireza Nabizadeh, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Bakhram Nurtaev, Odongo, Vincent O., Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Maria-Helena Ramos, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Tirthankar Roy, Sá, João H.M., Gianfausto Salvadori, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Ingelin Steinsland, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Fuqiang Tian, Tong, Rui, Kamshat Tussupova, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, Beek, Rens Van, Ent, Ruud J. Van Der, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Loon, Anne F. Van, Meerveld, Ilja Van, Nooijen, Ronald Van, Oel, Pieter R. Van, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Freyberg, Jana Von, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Zongxue Xu, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Yongqiang Zhang

Subjects
13. Climate action, 6. Clean water
Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

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