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Noha Rashad,1 Mohamed Abdulla,2 Mohamed Farouk,3 Yasser Elkerm,4 Salem Eid Salem,5 Maha Yahia,5 Amr S Saad,6 Ahmed Hassan Abdel Aziz,6 Ghada Refaat,6 Ibrahim Awad,7 Maha ElNaggar,8 Khaled Kamal,6 Basel Refky,9 Mohamed Abdelkhalek,9 Ahmed Touny,10 Loay Kassem,2 Emad Shash,5 Abdelhay A Abdelhay,11 Bahaa Eldin Mahmoud,11 Karima Oualla,12 Nesrine Chraiet,13 Hussein AwadElkarim H Maki,14 Yasser Abdel Kader2 1Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt; 2Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 4Department of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; 5Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 6Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 8Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt; 9Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 10Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 11Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 12Medical Oncology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco; 13Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez National Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia; 14Clinical Oncology Department, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, SudanCorrespondence: Noha Rashad, Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Faisal, Suez Governorate, Egypt, Tel +20 1225157339, Email Noha16880@gmail.comPurpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second cause of cancer related mortality. Treatment options for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) expanded during the last two decades, with introduction of new chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. Egypt is a lower middle-income country; Egyptian health care system is fragmented with wide diversity in drug availability and reimbursement policies across different health care providing facilities. We report the results of consensus recommendations for treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer developed by Egyptian Foundation of Medical Sciences (EFMS), aiming to harmonize clinical practice through structured expert consensus-based recommendations consistent with the national status. EFMS recommendations could be utilized in other countries with similar economic status.Methods: EFMS recommendations were developed using a modified Delphi process, with three rounds of voting till the final recommendations were approved. A non-systematic review of literature was conducted before generating the provisional statements. Content experts were asked to vote on some recommendations in two different resource groups (restricted resources and non-restricted resources). External review board of experts from a low income and lower-middle countries voted on the applicability of EFMS recommendations in their countries.Results: The current recommendations highlighted the discrepancy in health care between restricted and non-restricted resources with expected survival loss and quality of life deterioration. Access to targeted agents in first line is very limited in governmental institutions, and no access to agents approved for third line in patients who failed oxaliplatin and irinotecan containing regimens for patients treated in restricted resource settings.Conclusion: Management of mCRC in developing countries is a challenge. The currently available resource-stratified guidelines developed by international cancer societies represent a valuable decision-making tool, adaptation to national status in each country based on healthcare system status is required.Keywords: colorectal cancer CRC, consensus recommendations, metastatic CRC, management in a lower-middle income country

The present study considers two-dimensional laminar incompressible flow over a longitudinally finned flat tube bank heat exchanger (LFFTBHE) based on the constructal design method and the Fuzzy logic control. The impact of Reynolds number (Re) and dimensionless upstream fin length (Lu/DT) on the LFFTBHE performance was studied. The finite volume method using a commercial CFD package (ANSYS 2022/ R 2) was used to solve the governing equations. Fuzzy logic control was used to optimize the results. The results showed that the upstream fin length insignificantly impacted the Nusselt and Bejan numbers. Increasing the dimensionless upstream fin length, i.e., from 0.4 to 1, decreased the Nusselt number up to 10.3% at Re=1200. However, the dimensionless upstream fin length increase increased the Bejan number up to 28.8% at Re=1200. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the heat transfer and flow characteristic of air over flat finned tube with perforated and non-perforated fin have been carried out numerically. The mesh generation and finite volume analyses have been conducted using Ansys 15 with a RNG k–e turbulent model to estimate heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The free stream velocity ranging between 3,4,5,6, and 7 m/s have been applied for all cases in the simulation and verified with the available data. A satisfactory agreement was found between the percent results and the references with a maximum deviation of 7% for the finned circular tube with solid fin. The results present a considerable enhancement in Nusselt number with using perforation technique, where the perforation provide 8.5%, 13.6% and 18.4% enhancement using circular, square and triangular perforation respectively. Triangular perforation model offers a considerable finding due to the increment in the Nusselt number comparing to the pressure drop. Keywords: Annular flat finned tube, Perforated fins, Heat transfer, Turbulent flow

The study revealed to the efficiency of some stick traps included standard Williams sticky trap with three modified forms of them, Ribbed cylindrical williams trap , pyramid williams trap and flat williams trap in catching of the house flies in a horses، stables. The results showed slight differences between standard Williams traps and Ribbed cylindrical williams trap. On the other hand, there was significant difference between all modified forms of traps in mean number catch of house flies which reached to 597.6, 363.3 and 155.6 fly/ trap, for Ribbed cylindrical williams trap, pyramid williams trap, flat sticky trap respectively. As for the experience of the effect of color types; yellow, white, blue and red were recoreded capture rates 159.3 , 123.6, 81.6 and 22.6, fly / trap respectively. While the capture rates 176.6, 159.3 and 344.3 fly /trap at 0,1, 2 meters respectively .The effect of baits types showed different significance berween fish and other baits, blood sheep and poultry meat,and capture rates were 206.6 , 164.3 and 135.6,fly / trap respectively.

In this research a theoretical & experimental study was conducted on mixed convection heat transfer of flow through sector filled by porous media heated with an axial uniform heat flux on the side walls and thermally insulated from upper & lower surfaces. The theoretical study includes the derivation of governing equations for the flow & heat transfer through the porous media. These equations were reduced to dimensionless momentum and energy equations in which variables were (temperature, stream function and the ratio of Rayleigh to peclet numbers). These equations were solved numerically by using finite difference method & marching process. Numerical results represented by a stream function counters & isotherms for different values of Rayleigh & peclet numbers .The results shown that the radius stream circle increase & isotherms line increase far from walls when rayleigh number increased. The experimental side included study for temperature distribution & local nusselt number along thelength channel in the domain of peclet number between (53.1- 537.4) & rayleigh number between (3.4 – 299.9). The result showed that the temperature increase along the fully develop region and the decrease at the end of the channel. so the local nusselt numbers decreased and then became stable through fully developed region and the porous media has more influence on heat transfer which increase by increase in Rayleigh & peclet numbers. Also found that there is good agreement between theoretical and experimental result so the highest percentage of deviation is (10%).

A low speed open circuit wind tunnel has been designed, manufactured and constructed at the Mechanical Engineering Department at Baghdad University - College of Engineering. The work is one of the pioneer projects adapted by the R & D Office at the Iraqi MOHESR. The present paper describes the first part of the work; that is the design calculations, simulation and construction. It will be followed by a second part that describes testing and calibration of the tunnel. The proposed wind tunnel has a test section with cross sectional area of (0.7 x 0.7 m2) and length of (1.5 m). The maximum speed is about (70 m/s) with empty test section. The contraction ratio is (8.16). Three screens are used to minimize flow disturbances in the test section. The design philosophy is discussed and methods for wind tunnel calculation are outlined. Simulation of wind tunnel using ANSYS shows no separation of flow along wind tunnel. Construction steps are also included in present work.

A low-order panel method was used to predict the flow characteristics between two sets of wings representing wing and tail. Constant source and doublet singularities with Drichlet boundary condition are used on the body surfaces. Distance and setting angle changes of the tail are studied to predict the air flow characteristics. Since the flow is incompressible non-viscous (potential flow), the results obtained contain a large physical evidence and may give a good design tool for aircraft stability consideration. A FORTRAN program was built to calculate the flow characteristics and then validated with published data. Highly acceptable results are obtained as compared with these data, so that; the program can be used for discussing the design or control parameters of such aerodynamical problems

Configuration improvements are greatly important in heat transfer enhancement. In this study, TiO2/water nanofluid was used in combination with ribbed tubes for this purpose. Namely, this article presents a numerical investigation on the effect of rib geometries (trapezoidal and triangular rib shapes), number of ribs (4, 6, and 8 ribs) on heat transfer using TiO2 nanofluid in turbulent flow with Reynolds numbers of 5000–40,000. The thermal and hydraulic behavior of nanofluids was simulated utilizing single-phase approach with the assumption that the fluid properties are constant with temperature, and the flow is under uniform heat flux. The average size of the nanoparticles used in this work was 50 nm, and the nanofluid was considered at concentrations of 0.25–1.0%. The investigations were performed with the aim of establishing the impact of rib numbers and shapes on friction factor and heat transfer employing TiO2/water nanofluid as the working fluid. The results show that the helical-ribbed tube significantly improves heat transfer compared to the plain tube taking into account the shape and number of ribs. Further, by means of performance evaluation criteria, the tubes with trapezoidal ribs provide better thermal performance followed by the ones with triangular ribs compared to the plain tubes. Ultimately, the nonlinear models of Nusselt number and friction factor in the foregoing configurations were proposed with maximum deviations of ± 7.0% and ± 5.0%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, an empirical study has been done to find fouling factor for water flowing inside air-cooled plate finned radiator with constant heat flux beside the boundary condition of the thermal process. The research also required practical tests for finite period time(twenty days for each test). Two kinds of treated water that used in cooling towers was used to show the agreement between calculated fouling factor and this treatment. The work required test specific radiator in the beginning to calculate a design fouling factor that compared with others results with keeping the operation conditions constant. A simulation computer program required to enters all the boundary conditions for the heat system besides the correlating equations for the heat transfer of the radiator. The results show a good inspection for the fouling factor that agrees the practical analysis for the water treatment.

In this research a theoretical study for laminar steady natural convection heat transfer through concentric horizontal annulus heated from inside, it’s contain two different fluids (pr1:0.7, pr2:7.0) for radius ratio (5) and for Gr numbers (102-105). A vorticity stream function formula was used in the numerical solution by transforming the governing differential equations into this formula, then turned into algebraic equations solved numerically using (Explicit Successive Over Relaxation finite deference method). To declare the movement of the fluids and the distribution of the temperatures through each of them counters for both streamlines and isotherms through the annulus were used, also the results contain calculating the distribution, of local Nu number along the internal cylinder inside the annulus, also a correlation was found to estimate the amount of heat transfer for both fluids. Through this research it’s found that two separating flows forming above and under the separating interface, also it’s found that the highest local Nu number accrue at the separating interface.

A theoretical study has been conducted on mixed convection heat transfer of the flow through a horizontal annulus the outer surface heated with an axial uniform heat flux while the inner surface cooled at constant surface temperature. Theoretically the governing equations for a flow were reduced to four equations, which are continuity equation, radial and tangential momentum equation, axial momentum equation and vorticity equation in which the variables were the temperature, vorticity, stream function and axial velocity. These equations were reduced to dimensionless equations in which Reynolds, Prandtl and Rayleigh numbers were presented. These equations were solved numerically by using the marching process explicit finite difference method and Gauss elimination technique after changing the elliptic type energy and momentum equations to parabolic form by adding the change with time for each variable to the left hand side of these equations. Numerical results for the annuli heated by a uniform heat flux in the fully developed region were obtained and represented by stream function contours and isotherms for different values of Rayleigh and circumferential distribution of local Nussult number. The results were based on the fact that the secondary flow created by natural convection has significant effects on the heat transfer process, and reveal an increase in the Nussult number values as the heat flux increases in the horizontal position.