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Grain size has a principal position in seed sector and nowadays utmost necessary trait classified by marketplace and industry. The density, shape and size of seed are the topmost components meant to lead the marketplace worth and posing additional impact on refining constraints. It has become the main element in breeding programs because it is greatly influenced by the environment, biotic and abiotic factors in addition to genetics of the crop plant. Knowledge of sequencing of different genomes of cereals could be utilized to optimize grain size attributes for high wheat production. In this review we have summarized the status of different genes and QTLs reported for genomic upgrading of grain size in wheat and related species and proposed a multidisciplinary approach for heritable enhancement of grain size in wheat. Further this study was aimed to help in understanding the genetic as well as physiological aspects of different mechanisms governing grain size in wheat and methodology for its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan developed the ever first variety of barley as Jau-17 in Pakistan. Barley variety performed best in a series of irrigated and rainfed yield trials conducted at Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad and outstation yield trials throughout the Punjab province during 2008-2019. In the yield trials for three consecutive years from Preliminary to Regular and Advanced Yield Trials, it had out-yielded the check variety Haider-93 by an average of 23.34% while in outstation yield trials throughout the Punjab province, it produced 11.40% higher grain yield than commercial check variety Haider-93. Jau-17 had medium to tall stature of about 99 to 110 cm length, growth habit was semi erect and had medium-length-awned ear which had yellowish white color. It took 90 to 100 days to complete heading and matured in 140 to 145 days with tillering capacity (154-160 per m²). The seed is amber in color with 1000-grain weight of upto 42 gram. For quality trait evaluation it had good quantity for protein (12 to 13.7%) and test weight (52.7 to 58 kg/hl) along with opaque seed surface. Its malt making quality was excellent for industrial uses. In 2019 Jau-17 was approved by Punjab Seed Council for general cultivation due to its superior performance over the years for better grain yield, resistance against rusts and nutrition quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]