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264 results on '"Makarewicz, Cheryl A."'

1. The genomic natural history of the aurochs

Author

Rossi, Conor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Mullin, Victoria E., Scheu, Amelie, Erven, Jolijn A. M., Verdugo, Marta Pereira, Daly, Kevin G., Ciucani, Marta Maria, Mattiangeli, Valeria, Teasdale, Matthew D., Diquelou, Deborah, Manin, Aurélie, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Collins, Matthew, Lord, Tom C., Zeibert, Viktor, Zorzin, Roberto, Vinter, Michael, Timmons, Zena, Kitchener, Andrew C., Street, Martin, Haruda, Ashleigh F., Tabbada, Kristina, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Gehlen, Birgit, Alhaique, Francesca, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Fornasiero, Mariagabriella, Pandolfi, Luca, Karastoyanova, Nadezhda, Sørensen, Lasse, Kiryushin, Kirill, Ekström, Jonas, Mostadius, Maria, Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora, Vidal-Gorosquieta, Amalia, Benecke, Norbert, Kropp, Claus, Grushin, Sergei P., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Merts, Ilja, Merts, Viktor, Outram, Alan K., Rosengren, Erika, Kosintsev, Pavel, Sablin, Mikhail, Tishkin, Alexey A., Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Burger, Joachim, and Bradley, Daniel G.

Published
2024
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4. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A, Suchan, Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Gaunitz, Charleen, Chauvey, Lorelei, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Tishkin, Alexey A, Kovalev, Alexey A, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H, Al-Rasheid, Khaled AS, Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Alvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lōugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Mende, Balázs G, Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E, Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E, Anisimov, Mikhail A, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Pavlova, Elena Y, Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N, Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A, Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri Canadell, Silvia, Nieto Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra, Ma Pilar, Lira Garrido, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, and Zhumatayev, Rinat

Subjects
Animals, Archaeology, Asia, DNA, Ancient, Domestication, Europe, Genetics, Population, Genome, Grassland, Horses, Phylogeny, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2-4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture11,12.

Published
2021

8. Community negotiation and pasture partitioning at the Trypillia settlement of Maidanetske

Author

Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Hofmann, Robert, Videiko, Mykhailo Y., and Muller, Johannes

Subjects
Pastures -- Social aspects, Anthropological research, Grazing districts -- Analysis, Social structure -- Research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The inhabitants of the vast Chalcolithic Trypillia sites of Eastern Europe required highly organised strategies to meet subsistence needs. Here, the authors use isotopic analyses of faunal remains from Maidanetske, Ukraine, to identify intensive and extensive grazing practices. The former demanded intra-community negotiation to ensure access to high-quality pastures for valuable animals such as dairy cows, suggesting that pasture may have also served socially integrative functions. The simultaneous use of extensive pasturing strategies for cattle placed on different pastureland suggests that landscapes were partitioned, with access determined by cooperation or competition. Maidanetske's dual pasturing system reflects the importance of spatially organised practices in maintaining social structure. Keywords: Ukraine, Chalcolithic, Trypillia mega-site, isotope analysis, farming, pasturing, social organisation, Introduction The emergence of extraordinarily large Chalcolithic settlements in the Bug-Dnieper region from the late fifth millennium to the mid-fourth millennium BC marked an unusual trajectory in the evolution of [...]

Published
2022
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17. Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

Author

Jeong, Choongwon, Wilkin, Shevan, Amgalantugs, Tsend, Bouwman, Abigail S., Taylor, William Timothy Treal, Hagan, Richard W., Bromage, Sabri, Tsolmon, Soninkhishig, Trachsel, Christian, Grossmann, Jonas, Littleton, Judith, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Krigbaum, John, Burri, Marta, Scott, Ashley, Davaasambuu, Ganmaa, Wright, Joshua, Irmer, Franziska, Myagmar, Erdene, Boivin, Nicole, Robbeets, Martine, Rühli, Frank J., Krause, Johannes, Frohlich, Bruno, Hendy, Jessica, and Warinner, Christina

Published
2018

23. Spatial Information in Archaeology

Author

Verhagen, Philip, Pollard, A. Mark, Armitage, Ruth Ann, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Pollard, A. Mark, Armitage, Ruth Ann, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Art and Culture, History, Antiquity, CLUE+, and Network Institute

Abstract

In archaeology, maps have always played an important role for the primary documentation of findings from fieldwork, whether from excavation or survey. Since the advent of computerized database systems in the 1970s, archaeologists have amassed huge amounts of digital spatial information, usually stored in a geographic information system (GIS). From its beginning, archaeologists have been very eager to explore the analytical possibilities of GIS. The initial focus of GIS use in archaeology was on landscape archaeology. An important technological development in GIS over the past 20 years has been the development of shared data services. The process of data collection and management is one side of working with spatial information in GIS, but making sense of it is equally important. A major trend in software development over the past decade has been a move away from proprietary tools to free and open source software, in particular in academia.

Published
2023

33. Wealth in Livestock, Wealth in People, and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Jordan.

Author

Price, Max and Makarewicz, Cheryl A.

Subjects
*LIVESTOCK productivity, *NEOLITHIC Period
Abstract

Within archaeology, the value of livestock is usually presented in terms of use values, the calories and products animals provide humans. Yet domestic animals are also sources of wealth that accrue symbolic and social values, tying livestock production to the reproduction of human social relations. Taking a Marxist perspective that recognizes dialectical relations between forms of value, we develop a model based on ethnographic examples in which the cycling between use value and social/symbolic values adhering to wealth in livestock are mobilized for the reproduction of 'wealth in people', or the accumulation of rights stemming from relationships between people. This model of cycling between forms of value can be applied to many ethnohistorical agropastoral political economies. We apply it to Pre-Pottery Neolithic B societies (c. 8500–7000 bc) in Jordan. During this time, the mode of production shifted from one grounded in the community to one centered on extended households. We suggest wealth in people was a key asset for LPPNB households and that wealth in livestock served as a major component of, and a particular 'moment' within, its reproduction. This might help explain the accelerated pace by which livestock production overtook hunting in the southern Levant in the eighth millennium bc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Stone lines and burnt bones: ritual elaborations in Xiongnu mortuary arenas of Inner Asia

Author

Miller, Bryan K., Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, and Tuvshinjargal, Tomorbaatar

Subjects
Xiongnu (Asian people) -- Social aspects -- Research, Pastoral systems -- Analysis, Animal sacrifice -- Analysis, Mortuary practice -- Analysis, Anthropological research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The vast mortuary complexes of the Xiongnu, the world's first nomadic empire (c. 200 BC--AD 100), were important statements of elite power and ritual commemoration in Inner Asia. Very few of the features that accompanied the main tombs, however, have been fully excavated and investigated. This study is one of the first to assess completely the small archaeological features--and associated faunal remains--that surround the more monumental structures, features that intimate substantial investments in, and ritual activities around, these mortuary arenas. This research provides an important contribution to the understanding of the social politics of ritual practices and the development of complex institutions in steppe pastoral societies.Keywords: Inner Asia, Mongolia, Xiongnu, animal sacrifice, ritual, IntroductionDuring the first millennium BC, the Inner Asian steppe exhibited increasingly ostentatious mortuary monuments that displayed the power of nomadic elites and facilitated the interregional consolidation of the Xiongnu steppe [...]

Published
2018
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37. Palaeogenomics of Extinct and Archaic Hominins

Author

Pollard, Mark, Armitage, Ruth Ann, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Pollard, Mark, Armitage, Ruth Ann, Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., and Lalueza-Fox, Carles

Abstract

In recent years, the increased availability of genomic data generated from ancient human remains has revolutionized the study of the past, and enabled researchers to tackle a range of questions that previously were targeted almost exclusively by disciplines in the Humanities such as History and Archaeology. Importantly, results obtained through characterizing the genetics of archaic hominins including evidence for adaptation, admixture, past demography, sex determination, or social structure, can be correlated with morphological and archaeological observations drawn from the fossil record. Admixture, defined as the exchange of genes between previously isolated species or populations, is now considered to be an important source of variation among ancient human lineages. The palaeogenomic studies are unravelling the complex evolutionary patterns of the human lineages, showing multiple admixture events in different moments and regions, as well as providing information on adaptations to environmental conditions, past migrations, demographic trends, and social structures.

Published
2023

44. Eating Along the Silk Roads: Food choices by nomads and urbanites connected Central Asia

Author

Hermes, Taylor R., Frachetti, Michael D., and Makarewicz, Cheryl A.

Subjects
Silk Road -- Discovery and exploration, Urban and Nomadic Isotopic Niches Reveal Dietary Connectivities Along Central Asia's Silk Roads (Nonfiction work) -- Excerpts, Food habits -- Discovery and exploration, Excavations (Archaeology) -- Discovery and exploration -- Asia, Human remains (Archaeology) -- Discovery and exploration, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Despite conflicts, cultural differences, and significant geographical obstacles, people in Central Asia found pathways to connect with each other and exchange goods, at least as early as 2500 BCE. The [...]

Published
2018

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