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Fluazinam a promising fungicide, is not yet registered in India. Consequently it is important to study the dissipation of its specific formulation in Indian soil and water. This study focuses on the degradation and residue dynamics of Fluazinam (40% SC) in different soil types (alluvial, lateritic, coastal saline and black) and water pH (4.0, 7.0, 9.2). Adsorption kinetic models suggested that the half-life period (days) varies among soils following the order lateritic (Jhargram), 54.07 > alluvial (Mohanpur), 45.10 > coastal saline (Canning), 28.33 > black (Pune) 26.18. These differences are attributed to soil pH and organic carbon (OC) content, where higher pH levels reduce pesticide adsorption, leading to quicker dissipation, while higher organic carbon content provides more binding sites, slowing down the process. The first order kinetics explained the dissipation better compared to second order model across all soil types. The study also found that the half-life of was lowest at pH 9.2, as compared to pH 7.0, and very high stability at pH 4.0. Additionally, the study introduces an interactive R-based tool for analysing dissipation kinetics and half-life of different pesticides offering a valuable resource for researchers and stakeholders.

Opioid use, particularly morphine, is linked to CNS-related disorders, comorbidities, and premature death. Morphine, a widely abused opioid, poses a significant global health threat and serves as a key metabolite in various opioids. Here, we present a turn-off fluorescent sensor capable of detecting morphine with exceptional sensitivity and speed in various samples. The fluorescent sensor was developed through the dimerization process of 7-methoxy-1-tetralone and subsequent demethylation to produce the final product. Despite morphine possessing inherent fluorophoric properties and emitting light in an approximately similar wavelength as the sensor’s fluorescent blue light, the introduction of the target molecule (morphine) in the presence of the sensor caused a reduction in the sensor’s fluorescence intensity, which is attributable to the formation of the sensor–morphine complex. By utilizing this fluorescence quenching sensor, the chemo-selective detection of morphine becomes highly feasible, encompassing a linear range from 0.008 to 40 ppm with an impressive limit of detection of 8 ppb. Consequently, this molecular probe demonstrates a successful application in determining trace amounts of morphine within urine, yielding satisfactory analytical results. The study also explores the effect of several variables on the sensor’s response and optimizes the detection of morphine in urine using a response surface methodology with a central composite design.

Fluazinam a promising fungicide, is not yet registered in India. Consequently it is important to study the dissipation of its specific formulation in Indian soil and water. This study focuses on the degradation and residue dynamics of Fluazinam (40% SC) in different soil types (alluvial, lateritic, coastal saline and black) and water pH (4.0, 7.0, 9.2). Adsorption kinetic models suggested that the half-life period (days) varies among soils following the order lateritic (Jhargram), 54.07 > alluvial (Mohanpur), 45.10 > coastal saline (Canning), 28.33 > black (Pune) 26.18. These differences are attributed to soil pH and organic carbon (OC) content, where higher pH levels reduce pesticide adsorption, leading to quicker dissipation, while higher organic carbon content provides more binding sites, slowing down the process. The first order kinetics explained the dissipation better compared to second order model across all soil types. The study also found that the half-life of was lowest at pH 9.2, as compared to pH 7.0, and very high stability at pH 4.0. Additionally, the study introduces an interactive R-based tool for analysing dissipation kinetics and half-life of different pesticides offering a valuable resource for researchers and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are critical for successful bone regeneration. Therefore, understanding the mechanobiological aspects that govern these two processes is essential in designing effective scaffolds that promote faster bone regeneration. Studying these two factors at different locations is necessary to manage bone regeneration in various sections of a scaffold. Hence, a multiscale computational model was used to observe the mechanical responses of osteoblasts placed in different positions of the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold. Fluid shear stresses in scaffolds at cell seeded locations (representing osteogenic differentiation) and strain energy densities in cells at cell substrate interface (representing cell migration) were observed as mechanical response parameters in this study. Comparison of these responses, as two critical factors for bone regeneration, between the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold at different locations, is the overall goal of the study. This study reveals that the gyroid scaffold exhibits higher osteogenic differentiation and cell migration potential compared to the trabecular bone. However, the responses in the gyroid only mimic the trabecular bone in two out of nine positions. These findings can guide us in predicting the ideal cell seeded sites within a scaffold for better bone regeneration and in replicating a replaced bone condition by altering the physical parameters of a scaffold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected daily lives of people around the world. People have already started to live wearing masks, keeping a safe distance from others, and maintaining a high level of hygiene. This paper deals with an in‐depth analysis of riskness associated with COVID‐19 infections in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) at the subcity (ward) level. Attempts have been made to identify the areas with high or low risk of infections using GIS‐based geostatistical approach. Cosine Similarity Index has been used to rank different wards of KMC according to the degree of riskness. Four indices were computed to address intervention objectives and to determine “Optimized Prevention Rank” of wards for future policy decisions. The highest risk areas were located in the eastern and western part of the city, to a great extent overlapped with wards containing larger share of population living in slums and/or below poverty level. On the other hand, highly infected areas lie in central Kolkata and in several wards at the eastern and northeastern periphery of the KMC. The “Optimized Prevention Rank” have indicated that the lack of social awareness along with lack of social distancing have contributed to the increasing number of containments of COVID‐19 cases. The rankings of the wards would no doubt provide the policy makers a basis to control further spread of the disease. Since effective antiviral drugs are already in the market, the best application of our research would be in the ensuing vaccination drive against further COVID‐19 infections.

Deformities in the spine often require pedicle screw insertion, which alters the mechanical environment in the spine resulting in implant loosening and failure. This study examined the alteration of the state of strain at the bone-implant interface in the lumbar spine after pedicle screw insertion. Three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the lumber region (L1-S) and CAD model of pedicle screw was subjected at L3-L5 level to finite element (FE) analysis to examine the strain condition at the 6 selected locations at the bone-implant interface using different screw diameters (5 mm and 6 mm), implant materials (stainless steel and titanium), bone conditions (very strong, strong, normal, weak and very weak) and loading conditions (420 N, 490 N and 588 N). Screw diameter was observed to be the most crucial factor in determining the strain environment. The 6 mm diameter screw did not alter the strain environment significantly (p Keywords: lumbar vertebra, spinal implant, pedicle screw, finite element analysis, bone condition, INTRODUCTION Surgical mediation is frequently a need for the treatment of degenerative diseases in spine area [1]. A standout amongst the most widely recognized surgical system utilized is the insertion [...]