Search

Aortic aneurysm (AA) remains one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Of the major treatments, prophylactic operative repair is used for AA to avoid potential aortic dissection or rupture. To halt the development of AA and alleviate its progression into aortic dissection, pharmacological treatment has been investigated for years. Currently, β-adrenergic blocking agents, losartan, irbesartan, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, statins, antiplatelet agents, doxycycline, and metformin have been investigated as potential candidates for preventing AA progression. However, the paradox between preclinical successes and clinical failures still exists, with no medical therapy currently available for ideally negating the disease progression. This review describes the current drugs used for pharmacological management of AA and their individual potential mechanisms. Preclinical models for drug screening and evaluation are also discussed to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and ultimately find new therapeutic targets for AA.

A history of recurrent benign mucous membrane pemphigoid episodes had plagued patients. Major treatments include immunosuppressant or systemic glucocorticoid drugs, but all of them have side effects. Therefore, we tried to find a way to minimize side effects by using traditional Chinese medicine, and speeding up the healing process.

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is one of the hot spots now. In this paper, the tumor treatment has carried on the detailed elaboration, from three major treatments called surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The past treatments and the existing defects of each methods were illustrated, respectively. Then by referring to the relevant literature, what changes the nanotechnology will exert on the three methods were analyzed. In the end, this article presented some shortages and challenges of nanotechnology. According to the research results, nanotechnology can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of the three methods from the following aspects: Firstly, it can improve the accuracy and safety of surgery; Secondly it can enhance the sensitivity of tumor tissues to radiotherapy; Thirdly, it can improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy with nano-drugs. In contrast, the low safety and non-standardization of product quality are the main limitations of this technology.

Depression is one of the most common disorders causing mortality around the world. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is, along with antidepressants and psychotherapy, one of the three major treatments of depression, it is still considered as the last resort for depressed patients. This situation is partially due to limited studies and uncertainty regarding its mechanism. However, decades of increased research have focused on the effects of ECT on depression and its potential mechanism. Furthermore, these investigations may suggest that ECT should be a first-line therapy for depression due to its profound effects in relieving desperation in certain situations. Here, we outline recent clinical and preclinical studies and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of ECT. Thus, this review may provide some hints for clinical application.

Major treatments for small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) include percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), or surgical resection (SR). We aimed to compare these therapies concerning with effectiveness and safety.Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) from inception to 30 April 2017. Odds ratios (OR) for proportion dead (PD), local recurrence (LR) and adverse events (AEs).Fourteen RCTs were identified. Compared with SR, PEI (OR 2.79, CrI 1.25, 6.45, p 0.01) provided a significantly increased risk of PD. Similarly, PEI (OR 4.29, CrI 1.18, 18.35, p 0.01) yielded more LR than SR. Also, SR significantly conferred more AEs than RFA (OR 0.10; CrI 0.02, 0.35, p 0.01), PEI (OR 0.06; CrI 0.01, 0.31, p 0.01). Besides, RFA conferred the highest efficacy for survival, time to recurrence, and new development of HCC.SR was superior to PEI. Although SR achieved highest cumulative ranking probabilities in clinical efficacy, it obtained a low benefit-to-risk ratio for patients. RFA was superior to the other ablative therapies. For tumor sizes 2 cm or ≤ 2 cm in diameter, SR conferred non-significant effects compared with other therapies for SHCC.

The present study explored the antihyperlipidemic potential of a standardized methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola fruit in high fat diet-fed rats. Averrhoa carambola belonging to the family Oxalidaceae can be used as raw vegetable and ripe as fruit is used as traditional medicine. It possess high nutritional value and it is a good source of natural antioxidants. Although it is used in the treatment of diabetes, heart diseases and stroke due to presence of rich oxalates it is contraindicated in renal patients. Moreover, A. carambola was claimed and reported to have several ethanomedicinal uses like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic and so on. The presence of numerous phytoconstituents shows different pharmacological activities acting by different mechanisms. In addition, anti-oxidants are responsible for major treatments in curing ailments. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of A. carambola in high fat diet induced hyperlipidaemia in male albino Wistar rats.

Background Studies have indicated that Plantago major L. (P. major) has therapeutic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, immunostimulatory, and tissue regeneration. This plant species is assumed to provide potent tissue repair and healing in treatments of skin wound injuries, but the understanding of its effectiveness is still unclear. The systematic review proposed herein aims to assess effectiveness of P. major for wound healing in animal models. Methods We will conduct database searches in BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CABDirect. Reviewers will independently evaluate titles, abstracts, and full-text articles retrieved from databases to identify potentially eligible studies. Relevant articles will be assessed for risk of bias and quality. The database searches will include analysis of wound healing rate through macroscopic evaluation, photo images, or calculation of the wound area retraction until the wound closure. Relevant data will be compiled for the capability and effectiveness of P. major treatments in accelerating wound healing. Random effects meta-analysis models will be employed to compare among groups based on outcome variables from studies reporting sufficient high-quality data. Discussion Results of this systematic review will be presented in a narrative synthesis form. They will provide a summary and clear understanding of the relevant current questions and evidences directly related to P. major effective tissue repair and healing. Outcomes of this systematic review will contribute with important information that could benefit future research efforts and potential applicability in humans. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019121962

The use of activated factor VII (FVIIa) for the treatment of bleeding events in haemophilia patients with inhibitors was first reported over 30 years ago. Since then clinical trials, registries, case series, real‐world experience and an understanding of its mechanism of action have transformed what was originally a scientific curiosity into one of the major treatments for inhibitor patients, with innovative therapeutic regimens, dose optimization and individualized care now widely practiced. Given current understanding and use, it might be easy to forget the years of clinical research that led up to this point; in this review, we lay out changes based on broad eras of rFVIIa use. These eras cover the original uncertainty associated with dosing, efficacy and safety; the transformation of care ushered in with its widespread use; and the optimization and individualization of patient care and the importance of specialized support provided by haemophilia treatment centres. Today with the introduction of novel prophylactic agents such as emicizumab, we once again find ourselves dealing with the uncertainties of how best to utilize rFVIIa and newer investigational variants such as marzeptacog alfa and eptacog beta; we hope that the experiences of the past three decades will serve as a guide for this new era of care.

Knee arthroscopic debridement, total hip arthroplasty(THA) and artificial femoral-head replacement are the major treatments for joint diseases, and they have a high degree of dependence on various complicated surgical tools. Structure design, manufacturing precision and cutting performance of surgical tools are important factors that influence the success of operation. This review introduces the arthroscopic cutting tools, acetabular reamers, starter awls and femoral broaches which are used in arthroscopic debridement and THA, And this review also analyzes structural characteristics and cutting mechanism of those surgical tools, and point out design principles, problems and research directions in the design and manufacture.

Background Cancer immunotherapy uses one’s own immune system to fight cancerous cells. As immune system is hard-wired to distinguish self and non-self, cancer immunotherapy is predicted to target cancerous cells specifically, therefore is less toxic than chemotherapy and radiation therapy, two major treatments for cancer. Cancer immunologists have spent decades to search for the specific targets in cancerous cells.

A field experiment was conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during Rabi season of 2005-06 at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut. The experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen scheduling and LCC based nitrogen scheduling in wheat. The experiment comprised of ten treatments was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with three replications. The major treatments were, control (where no nitrogen was applied ), 50 % N in basal+25 % N at CRI + 25 % at tillering stage, 25 % N in basal + 25 % N at CRI + 25 % N at tillering + 25 % N at jointing stage, 37.5 % N in basal + 25 % at CRI + 37.5 % N at tillering stage, 50 % N at CRI + 50 % N at tillering stage, 50 % N at CRI + 25 % N at tillering + 25 % N at jointing stage, 50 N in basal + 25% N at tillering + 25% N at jointing stage, 25% N in basal + 37.5% N at CRI + 37.5 % N at tillering, 25% N in basal + 50% N at CRI + 25% N at tillering stage, and nitrogen applied on LCC (Leaf colour chart) based. In different nitrogen scheduling treatments, LCC based nitrogen scheduling treatment was found most efficient than recommended and other nitrogen scheduling treatments in terms of increased wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Application of 25% N in basal + 50% N at CRI + 25% N at tillering stage was also found superior than other treatments, increased these parameters, but it was inferior to the LCC based nitrogen scheduling treatment. AE N and RE N also improved due to LCC based nitrogen application. LCC based nitrogen scheduling practice also reduces the over application of nitrogen which can be susceptible to different losses including leaching, ammonium volatilization and runoff.

This chapter reviews solid waste management systems. The main focus of this chapter is on the treatments available and the adversities as per the application. Incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification are the major treatments available, which are discussed in detail, considering their impacts on human society as well as on the ecosystem. Municipal solid waste poses a major threat with regard to its management and disposal. Landfilling and incineration are the only ways left and need to be improved. The current chapter deals with the difficulties and challenges of solid waste treatment processes and technologies for energy recovery.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly occurs among elderly males. The condition causes symptoms in the lower urinary tract, thereby reducing the quality of life. BPH includes 2 major treatments: medication and surgery. Surgical treatment is often the most effective and final intervention. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), one of the most efficient surgical procedures for BPH, is conducted transurethrally. During surgery, the most important and most difficult part is to locate the surgical capsule of the prostate, which is consistent to the idea of anatomic surgery. Different skills may be needed in treating different parts of the prostate. HoLEP tends to be efficient and safe with good hemostatic properties, and able to treat bladder calculus, which may be the complications of BPH. The technique is particularly suitable for prostate of varying volumes and sizes. Indeed, HoLEP also presents certain disadvantages, such as a long learning curve and costly equipment. Regardless, this method may be the "new standard" and the excellent method for the surgical treatment of BPH.

Most of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) are incidentally discovered without any neurological symptoms and the risk of rupture of CAs is relatively higher in Japanese population. The goal of treatments for patients with CAs is complete exclusion of the aneurysmal rupture risk for their lives. Since two currently available major treatments, microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling, have inherent incompleteness to achieve cure of CAs with some considerable treatment risks, and there is no effective surgical or medical intervention to inhibit the formation of CAs in patients with ruptured and unruptured CAs, new treatment strategies with lower risk and higher efficacy should be developed to prevent the formation, growth, and rupture of CAs. Preemptive medicine for CAs should be designed to prevent or delay the onset of symptoms from CAs found in an asymptomatic state or inhibit the de novo formation of CAs, but we have no definite methods to distinguish rupture-prone aneurysms from rupture-resistant ones. Recent advancements in the research of CAs have provided us with some clues, and one of the new treatment strategies for CAs will be developed based on the findings that several inflammatory pathways may be involved in the formation, growth, and rupture of CAs. Preemptive medicine for CAs will be established with specific biomarkers and imaging modalities which can sensor the development of CAs.

Aim In metastatic melanoma (MM) there is an agreement that a fast or slow progression should influence the choice between drugs with immediate impact (BRAF-inh) or delayed (ipilimumab) activity. MM kinetics thus appears crucial for medical decision, although only estimated through surrogate markers (tumour load or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)). Our objective was to show that 1-MM kinetics can be measured and 2- is a real prognostic factor. Method Among all stage IV MM, we retrospectively select those with long follow-up who had two comparable total body computed tomography (CT) scans within the first 3 months, and did not receive meantime any treatment with a likely impact on MM kinetics. Kinetics index (KI) was calculated from changes in total metastatic volume (ΔTMV/ΔT). Results In 126 patients, KI of progression ranges from 0 to 24,839 mm3/day. Overall survival (OS) was significantly much lower in the higher terciles of KI than in the lower ones (median OS of 459, 388 and 183 days, for KI of 0–99, 100–999 and ⩾1000 mm3/day, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, KI was more predictive of OS than LDH or tumour load. Conclusion Delaying major treatments in stage IV MM for a few weeks permits a measure of KI, which is the best prognostic indicator in MM. The huge range of KI probably reflects major differences in aggressiveness that any therapeutic decision should take into account. KI could be used to assess prospectively how much the efficacy of each new MM drugs is influenced by MM initial kinetics.

Application of Islamic Ethics to issues in the physical sciences is only in its infancy. Human stem cells are nature’s self-renewing master cells, capable of generating every one of the numerous biological tissues in the human body. Their use in contemporary medicine for repairing organs and regenerating cellular tissues holds the promise of major treatments and cures. Summary overviews of the scientific context of stem cell research is provided, and of the controversy surrounding it. The contribution of Islamic Law and ethical tradition is then reviewed, focusing on the Higher Aims of the Shariah. Islam may assist in defining the ethical boundaries at the heart of this issue, and positively contribute to medical science in this field of enquiry.

Presbyacusis is one among the many socio-medical problems, which is considered as a hidden disability. The hearing impairment in elderly people is described as presbyacusis. Hearing problem among elderly people is a major issue and a person with hearing loss may be unable to hear doorbells and alarms, to respond while talking with anyone, etc. All this can make them feel frustrated, lonely, and depressed. It is the third most common chronic condition after arthritis and hypertensive diseases among elders. Hearing loss can be improved by using the hearing aids. Hearing aids work well for some while for others; it may not be a perfect solution due to many reasons such as some people do not buy aids that meet their needs, incorrect amplification adjustments, low custom design, etc. In classics of Ayurveda this ailment has been described as karnabaadhirya under the heading of ear diseases. Karnapurana (Instillation of medicated oil into the external auditory canal) is one of the major treatments for ear diseases explained in classics. Clinical observation has shown its effectiveness in the management of presbyacusis. A case report of 75-year-old male who presented with complaints of reduced hearing and tinnitus in both ears has been presented here.

The increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is becoming a public health problem. As in adults, obesity is associated with other comorbidities and their risks. This systematic review aims to summarize the implications of morbid obesity in adolescents, and identify the currently accepted treatments for its management. Various treatments such as lifestyle changes, drug therapy, and surgery are the classical therapeutic triad. This review attempts to clarify the role of each of the major treatments in terms of safety and efficacy. Although obesity surgery in adolescents remains controversial for some aspects, there is evidence that the lack of effective treatment can lead to serious medical consequences in the future. Gastric bypass and gastric banding techniques remain of choice, but the role of other currently more popular techniques, such as sleeve gastrectomy should be clarified.

The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in observance to its mission - To improve the quality of life of the European population by reducing the impact of cardiac arrhythmias and reduce sudden cardiac death – is proudly announcing the launch of a Supplement to EP Europace Journal dedicated to the EHRA White Book entitled: Statistics on the Use of Cardiac Electronic Devices and Electrophysiological Procedures in the ESC 54 countries: 2012 Report from the European Heart Rhythm Association . The report represents a structured analysis of data collected in the EHRA White Book, an important monograph published by EHRA since 2008. The current report brings together the most up-to-date statistics on electrophysiological procedures including the implantation of cardiovascular electronic devices in the 54 ESC countries and includes all data of the first five Editions of the EHRA White Book. The report has been arranged to present the full information about the historical perspective of the EHRA White Book, the methodological aspects of the data collection and analysis of major treatments of heart rhythm disorders: Implantable Pulse Generators (IPGs), Implantable Cardioverter Defibrilators (ICDs), Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRTs) and Catheter Ablation Procedures. Moreover, the increasing relevance of societal and economic implications of life-saving therapies led EHRA to give particular emphasis to them in a section of the current report. The figures and tables of this report speak by themselves and clearly highlight significant inequalities in healthcare In Europe, with an additional very large treatment gradient from West to East. These inequalities in healthcare are not specific of one treatment but equally apply to all therapies considered in the EHRA White Book. Barrier to access to different therapies are not only represented by the heterogeneous reimbursement system in ESC countries or by other country-specific …

Summary Unreamed Intramedullary nailing and external fixation are 2 major treatments widely used in Gustilo grade III open tibial fractures, but the difference in effectiveness and complication remains controversial. We retrieved original publications of comparative studies from medical literature databases and selected 9 of them for a meta-analysis. Observation items include malunion and deep infection rate, non-union and comparison of time to union. The analysis showed a lower malunion rate using unreamed intramedullary nailing than external fixation. No significant differences were revealed in deep infection/nonunion rate and time to union. More studies of larger scale and better design are needed to reach an ultimate and definite conclusion.

Keratoconus is a common non-inflammatory, bilateral progressive corneal dilatation disease, often leading to progressive thinning of the corneal stromal layer, the central region of the cornea is conical, clinical manifestations of high myopia and irregular astigmatism, The normal life of the patient is greatly inconvenient. Therefore, timely and effective treatment is extremely important to improve the visual quality of patients and their physical and mental health. In the early stage of the patient, vision correction can be performed by wearing a frame mirror or a contact lens; as the lesion progresses, the former is insufficient for correction, and corneal stroma implantation, corneal collagen cross-linking, and keratoplasty are feasible. Numerous studies have confirmed that this treatment can effectively improve and maintain the visual quality of patients. In recent years, new treatment methods such as matrix regeneration, matrix lens transplantation and scleral mirror have gradually become research hotspots at home and abroad. This article reviews the current major treatments for keratoconus and its new developments.

The tapestry series of the �Defeat of the Spanish Armada� was a national artistic treasure which hung in the old Palace of Westminster from the mid 17th century until the fire of 1834. This article outlines the creation of the tapestries in the 1590s and covers the major treatments of them in illustrations of parliamentary interiors and in John Pine's 1739 engravings; it ends with a short account of the curious episode of the tapestry which escaped the conflagration. In the absence of any known historical record of how the tapestries were displayed, suggestions are offered about how many and in what order they hung in the two chambers occupied successively by the house of lords (before and after 1801), and about how they were physically supported on the walls of the Parliament Chamber.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual loss in the elderly. A long path of clinical trials with various treatment modalities has led to novel contemporary treatments, including bevacizumab (Avastin®; Genentech, CA, USA) and ranibizumab (Lucentis®; Genentech). These drugs have revolutionized the approach to neovascular AMD, and today they are one of the major treatments for the disease. While both these drugs are reported to be effective, with somewhat stronger clinical evidence for ranibizumab, debate continues as to which is most effective in the treatment of AMD. Large-scale studies currently underway are expected to shed light on the subject. Based on the evolving data, as well as on our clinical experience, we believe that the two drugs, while harboring different biological characteristics and potential clinical differences, still share many similar characteristics in their efficacy and safety. The similarities and differences in efficacy and safety will be demonstr...

Research into the hypoxic tumour microenvironment is accelerating and the reversal of hypoxia is increasingly being suggested as a mechanism for improving cancer treatment. Recent studies have suggested that hypoxia is also a feature in prostate cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Hypoxia has been shown to cause radio-resistance and hence hamper one of the major treatments for prostate cancer. However, unlike other solid tumours, such as cervical and head-and-neck cancer, there are inconsistencies and unanswered questions about the relevance of hypoxia in prostate cancer. This review outlines the role of low-oxygen conditions in prostate cancer and the areas where further studies are required.

Statement of the problem: restoring endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is one of the major treatments provided by a dentist. Glass fiber posts (GFP) showed good clinical performance during last few years. Aim of the study ; to assess and compare the clinical as well as the radiographic performance of different types of ceramic crown systems used in restoration of maxillary anterior teeth over a cemented GFP and composite resin core. Materials and methods: 50 ETT with GFP were included in this study. These teeth were divided into four gropes (composite resin. Porcelain fused to metal (PFM), e. max and zirconia restorations). Both the clinical and radiographic assessments were done for the restoration at a period of one week, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after composite build up and crown's cementations. All data were registered and analyzed by SPSS program using percentages and Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical values while log-rank test was used for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: the clinical assessment showed no changes in the one week, 3 and 6 months in the four groups. While during the 9 and 12 months, a movement of the crown margin under finger pressure was present in one case, loss or retention in 2 cases of zirconia, the periodontal status with violation of biological width was present in one case of PFM and finally the color changes were obvious in one case of PFM and 2 cases of composite restoration. All the restorations in the four groups had no radiographic changes in the one week and three-month assessments. While during six-month follow-up, a loosed of retention in one case of the zirconia crown was detected. At the 9 and 12 months, two cases showed recurrent caries at the cervical margin of the composite restoration, cases with periapical infection and other with loss of retention of the post were recorded in the PFM restoration. Conclusion: e. Max and zirconia all ceramic crowns showed better clinical and radiographic performance than the PFM and composite restorations over 12 months recall.

Background:A case of salvage supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy after failed radiation therapy and vertical partial laryngectomy had successful oncological and functional outcomes. This is the first reported application of salvage supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy after the failure of two major treatments.Case report:A 65-year-old man was referred for salvage supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy. The right recurrent hemilarynx was successfully resected. After pexis, the right lobe of the thyroid gland was repositioned to overlap and reinforce the pexis gap and fill the devoid portion of the strap muscular closure. Multiple scattered foci (recurrent tumour–node–metastasis stage T2) were identified around the arytenoid cartilage and beneath the musculocutaneous flap. Four years after supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, the patient's recovery was following a favourable course and he had satisfactory laryngeal function.Conclusion:Appropriate case selection and proficient surgical skills were essential for a successful outcome. Head and neck surgeons should not be afraid to adopt functional preservation open surgical procedures in well-selected and well-motivated patients. A requirement for more challenging surgical procedures and meticulous rehabilitation processes should not exclude appropriate treatments from a surgeon's repertoire.

In rectal cancer treatment, not only the local primary but also regional and systemic tumour deposits must be taken care of. The three major treatments, surgery, radiotherapy and drugs, each with their own advantages and limitations, must be combined to result in improved outcomes. Several large randomised trials, reviewed here, have proven that combinations of the three modalities have markedly improved the locoregional problem, but not yet had any major influence on the systemic problem, and thus overall survival. The best integration of the so far weakest modality, the drugs, is not known. The results of the trials are interpreted differently in the world. A new generation of trials exploring the best sequence of treatments, together with integration of the novel drugs, is required.

Peruvian species of Magnolia were not included in major treatments of the Peruvian flora until the last decade, following revisions of Dugandiodendron and Talauma for the Neotropics published by Lozano-Contreras in 1994 (Pennington et al. 2004, Ulloa et al. 2004) when M. amazonica (Ducke, 1925: 11) Govaerts (1996: 25) and M. rimachii , (Lozano, 1994: 105) Govaerts (1996: 39), two lowland Amazonian species, were included. Subsequently, new species of Magnolia were described from the eastern humid montane and lowland forests in northern and central Peru (Dillon & Sanchez 2009, Vazquez-Garcia et al. 2012). The new species reported here is described for the humid forests of the eastern Andean slopes of central Peru. Following the classification proposed by Figlar & Nooteboom (2004), this species belong to genus Magnolia subgenus Magnolia section Talaum a subsection Talauma because of stipule adnation to petioles, circumscissile dehiscence of fruits and absence of a filamentous appendage in the stamen connective.

Sculptures by the British ‘New Generation’ artists from the 1960s, incorporating painted steel, aluminium, fibreglass, plywood and Perspex, had suffered neglect due to false perceptions of their importance and physical robustness. This project aimed to conserve the Tate Gallery's large collection of these sculptures and render as many works as possible displayable. It included improving storage and documentation and increasing technical understanding of the works through examination and analysis, research, and interviews with the artists. By persuading curators to reassess the works, it also extended the definition of preventive conservation to include changing attitudes. Two major treatments are discussed, one employing ‘conventional’ conservation solutions and the other a more radical restoration. While both were approached with the thoughtfulness and ethical awareness characteristic of ‘conservation’ and informed by analysis and research, the latter is arguably more successful and in keeping wi...

Park et al. conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the beneficial effect of statin on the recurrence of prostate cancer with special reference to two major treatments. The inclusion process of references for meta-analysis is very important, because it sometimes influence the results. I presented critical recommendations for presenting valid conclusion.

One of the major treatments for many diseases is organ transplantation. The objective of this study was to determine factors related to register as organ donors among Iranian college student based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was con- ducted on 320 college students in Hamadan University of medical sciences. Participants filled out a standard self-administered ques- tionnaire including the expanded theory of planned behavior components. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using correlation, linear and logistic regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Our result showed 6.6% of participants reported registered as an organ donor card. The most of participants have reported save people life most effective factor that motivation them to register as an or- gan donor card. The TPB variable, accounted for 33% of the variation in the outcome measure of the intention to organ donor card regis- tered. The best predictor for organ donor card registered was subjective norm with odds ratio estimate of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.44). Comprehensive educational programs need to emphasize on psychological factors that mediate and predict behaviors. According to the results, donor organ associated with subjective norms in community; It seems special attention to importance culture in the organ dona- tion to save human lives utilizes by influence persons at community, could be benefit results.

Observation of occlusion, providing patient education about occlusion and treatment of occlusal conditions sadly are neglected in the profession. Occlusal equilibration is one of the major treatments for occlusally oriented diseases, and I estimate that this procedure is not accomplished frequently by many practitioners. I have discussed the conditions needing occlusal equilibration and suggested procedures for the conditions. I encourage practitioners needing education in occlusion to seek it.

Hemiparalysis is a common symptom of cerebral hemorrhage. Chinese traditional acupuncture and electroacupuncture are two major treatments for the disease. However, they often fail to achieve satisfactory outcome. It reports here successful treatment of three patients with hemiparalysis using electroacupuncture along the meridian therapy along with prescription medicines to restore the muscle strength. The three patients had a history of hemiparalysis and were diagnosed hemiparalysis due to cerebral hemorrhage based on CT or MRI examinations. Acupuncture was applied to restore the muscle strength with routine treatment and prescription medicines. The patients were treated 20 times with electroacupuncture along the meridian. After 1 months of the treatment, case 1 and case 2 regained the muscle strength, and case 3 was remarkably recovered. It is likely that combining Chinese tradition acupuncture with electroacupuncture is more effective to treat hemiparalysis, although more studies are needed to validate the approach.

This review focuses on the use of Na(+), Ca(2+) and Cl(-) channel modulators in psychiatric disease. Drugs that modulate ion channels have been used in psychiatry for more than a century, and in this review we critically evaluate clinical research that reports the therapeutic effects of drugs acting on GABA(A), voltage-gated Na(+) and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in pediatric and adult patients. As in other fields, the evidence underpinning the use of medicines in younger people is far less robust than for adults. In addition, we discuss some current developments and highlight clinical disorders in which current molecules could be further tested. Notable success stories, such as benzodiazepines (in sleep and anxiety disorders) and antiepileptics (in bipolar disorder), have been the result of serendipitous discoveries or refinements of serendipitous discoveries, as in all other major treatments in psychiatry. Genomic, high-throughput screening and molecular pharmacology discoveries may, however, guide further developments in the future. This could include increased research in promising targets that have been perceived as commercially risky, such as selective α-subunit GABA(A) receptors.

—Curcumin is commonly applied as food coloring and seasoning but recent research show that curcumin is able to enhance the activation of Fas receptor to the cancer cell apoptosis through extrinsic pathway. Oral cancer results from the particular habit of chewing betel nuts that Taiwanese have. The additive in betel nuts (such as lime) is the main reason that increase the cancer rate of people chewing betel nuts and further increase the death rate gradually. The major treatments for oral cancer are still chemotherapy and surgery. This research expects to perform the computer simulation to calculate the activity of curcumin to oral cancer as medicine. The pharmaceutical activity are evaluate by the score from docking procedure perform by simulation program. We hope this experiment can be the evidence that curcumin can practically be used as medicine for oral cancer therapy in future. Keywords- curcumin; Fas receptor; cell apoptosis; oral cancer; Oral cancer is adocking

Quality of life and disability have been compared in patients with ulcerative colitis who were undergoing one of the two current major treatments of choice, proctocolectomy or anti-TNF therapy. The only significant differences between the two groups were increased use of antidiarrhoeal medication and stool frequency in those who underwent surgery.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the major treatments for gastric cancer, but drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, which results in treatment failure. Resistance to chemotherapy can be present intrinsically before the administration of chemotherapy or it can develop during chemotherapy. The mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer are complex and multifactorial. A variety of factors have been demonstrated to be involved in chemoresistance, including the reduced intracellular concentrations of drugs, alterations in drug targets, the dysregulation of cell survival and death signaling pathways, and interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in gastric cancer and on recent studies that have sought to overcome the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and difficulties during surgery of tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion, complications after surgery, and modalities for management. Background In view of the high incidence of otitis media with effusion in children and the fact that TT is one of its major treatments, we decided to conduct the present observational study. Patients and methods This study included 220 patients with persistent otitis media with effusion after failed medical treatment for 3 months. All patients underwent TT insertion either unilateral or bilateral in 378 operated ears. Results There were 198 problems detected in 378 operated ears. The difficulties during insertion of TT were observed in 82 ears. The most common was the thick mucoid discharge (P = 0.10), followed by the narrow external auditory canals (P = 0.005). Early complications were observed in 42 ears. The most common was early otorrhea (P = 0.03), followed by early extrusion (P Conclusion TT insertion is a temporary procedure performed until the Eustachian tube function returns to its normal function; however, this procedure has many problems during and after insertion. Difficulties of insertion and late side effects are common problems that can be anticipated in nearly one-fifth of the cases. Therefore, ORL surgeons must be aware of the type of difficulty and its management before performing the surgery.

We describe a woman misusing chlormethine hydrochloride lotion for vitiligo with dermatological complications of local urticarial and bullous reactions. Presentations, complications, and management of topical chlormethine hydrochloride overdose are discussed. Surface decontamination and follow-up for potential complications are major treatments.

Four patients with Cushing's diseases were treated by Ketoconazole (KC). Two of them are still successfully treated after 15 and 18 months. One escaped after 15 months of treatment. The last one did not respond at all. General and hepatic tolerance was very good. KC cannot be considered as a curative treatment but is of big interest to delay the use of major treatments as surgery or OP'DDD.

A historical and contemporary overview of the clinical management of prostatic cancer reviews the basis for current uncertainties regarding treatment, indicates representative results with different major treatments, proposes some relevant questions, and suggests the basic needs for resolving current issues.

Roundnose grenadier (Macrourus rupestris) were filleted either immediately when they were caught or after storage (gutted or ungutted) in ice for different periods of time. The fillets were frozen and then stored at −23°C for up to 24 months. Both pre-freezing treatment and frozen storage time significantly (P < 0.05) affected all sensory variables. The sensory quality was very stable during early and intermediate stages of frozen storage and compared very favorably to that reported for other groundfish species. Dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and moisture concentrations were also significantly affected by both pre-freezing treatment and frozen storage time but extractable protein nitrogen and hypoxanthine were dependent upon an interaction between both major treatments. The usefulness of any of the chemical variables as indices of sensory quality was questionable.

In 1976, a series of powerful earthquakes devastated the region of Friuli, located in the northeast corner of Italy. The artistic patrimony of this area was seriously damaged, provoking major conservation problems of both emergency and long-term natures. In collaboration with Italian authorities, the Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Rome(ICR), and the International Centre for Conservation, Rome(ICCROM), American conservators have been active in a number of earthquake-related conservation projects. These include: surveys of and emergency first aid to damaged mural paintings; major treatments of damaged mural paintings; a survey of earthquake-displaced objects; and the creation and operation of a laboratory for the treatment of damaged polychromed sculpture. This paper outlines some of the special conservation problems created by earthquakes and describes a number of conservation efforts to date.

An experiment was conducted with 72 male British Friesian calves between 5 and 11 weeks of age. The major treatments were the inclusion of 0, 20 or 40% wheat straw or 20, 40 or 60% lucerne in a complete pelleted diet. The roughage was either ground or chaffed. A methane inhibitor was included in the diets given to 36 of the calves. The weight gains of the calves were greater with diets containing lucerne than with those containing wheat straw. Grinding increased the intake of wheat straw but depressed intake of lucerne. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and acid detergent fibre, which was greater for the diets containing lucerne than for the diets containing wheat straw, was reduced by grinding both roughages.Inclusion of the methane inhibitor in the diets increased the feed intakes and weight gains of the calves given the all-concentrate diet and the diets containing wheat straw, but not those given the diets containing lucerne.

husband resolve their conflict over her adultery with Wendoll in an apparent attitude of Christian charity. Yet it is insufficient to recognize that Heywood develops this theme through explicitly Christian references to corruption and pardon throughout the play. Servant Nicholas does indeed attribute his mistress' seduction to Satan; Master Frankford characterizes Wendoll three times as "Judas"; and in the final scene, Frankford pardons his wife "as my Redeemer hath forgiven his death." More importantly, the main plot of A Woman Killed With Kindness also reveals a distinctive handling of an archetypal motif involving adultery, one that seems to have provided Heywood the potential for deeper character development and a deliberately non-violent conclusion. Ascertaining the sources of this main plot has proven to be an intractable task at best. The story of a high-born wife's affair with an unworthy lover is an old one, and has appeared in at least four major treatments that have been offered as background for Heywood's play.l The most convincing of these studies thus far is that of Waldo F. McNeir, who finds the origin

In February 1846 Polish-speaking peasants in the western districts of Galicia, the Austrian part of partitioned Poland, struck down a national uprising composed largely of Polish nobles (szlachta) and joined Austrian troops marching on the tiny Republic of Cracow, where a Polish National Government had been established. Between four hundred and five hundred manors were sacked and over a thousand Poles killed. This peasant revolt is’ the point at which the national and social problems cross most strikingly in Polish historiography. Every historian of these events must explain how Polish peasants could rise against Polish patriots seeking to free Poland from the foreign yoke.Controversy began immediately, but for almost a century, until World War II, debate was confined within fairly narrow interpretive limits. All the major treatments were based on one or another version of an “outside agitator“ thesis.

1. Sixteen colchicine treatments, involving five main methods of application and six concentrations, have been used on Triticum interspecific crosses, Triticum—Aegilops intergeneric crosses and Agropyron—Triticum intergeneric crosses.2. The efficacy of the major treatments in terms of plant survival, plant fertility and ear fertility has been compared, and the most successful method of application has been found to be absorption through the cut leaves—i.e. capping cut-back tillers with a small glass phial containing colchicine.3. Fertility induced by colchicine is not complete. In plants producing grain, every ear is not necessarily fertile, nor are all spikelets in fertile ears usually fertile.4. Evidence has been obtained of differential cross response to colchicine action, and also of cross-group response to particular treatments.

Although they developed from different backgrounds, therapeutic communities and methadone maintenance programs became major treatments of heroin abuse in the 1970s. Research published in the last 5 years demonstrates that therapeutic communities are associated with long-lasting improvements in functioning for the few drug abusers who stay in treatment at least 3 months. A principal limitation of this modality is that few patients remain in treatment long enough to acquire the changed values that produce long-lasting effects. Research on methadone maintenance continues to show that this treatment produces immediate decreases in criminality and drug abuse; however, patients who taper off of maintenance are prone to relapse. The aspects of treatment that appear to prevent relapse include minimizing withdrawal symptoms during tapering and providing support during and after completing maintenance. The strengths of these two treatment modalities can be combined to enable narcotic addicts to taper off of methadone maintenance in a therapeutic community and remain drug-free. Several other clinical, administrative, and research collaborations could be beneficial, pooling the medical/technical expertise of maintenance programs with the intensity of therapeutic community treatment.

We address ourselves here to the logical frame of prognosis and treatment, in classical Hindu medicine. The Sanskrit medical texts set forth two different cycles of the seasons. The one which includes the dewy season is of distributive type. Every season has specific qualities antagonistic to the other ones. This provides the physician with a logical scheme according to which he may prescribe medicines compensating for an adverse excess. The other one which includes the first rains is of evolutive type. To the only three seasons effective in India—winter, summer, rains—, each one giving rise to a specific trouble—phlegm, wind, bile—, three other ones are added which represent transitional phases. The medical treatment adapts itself to the course of time, improving the transient seasons—spring, first rains. autumn—which are the only ones fit for the major treatments in nursing-homes. The course of time logically reconstructed will determine the selection, the appropriateness of a medical prescription.

After developing for more than 20 years, image-guided local ablation therapy has become one of the major treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In particular, percutaneous radio-frequency ablation has been widely accepted as the first-line treatment of early-stage HCC. A number of randomized controlled trials have shown some differences between these local ablation techniques. This article reviewed the development of local ablation therapy in the past few years.