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2. State of high seas resources.

Author

Garcia, S.M. and Majkowski, J.

Subjects
Marine fauna -- Protection and preservation, Oceanographic research -- Analysis
Published
1992

26. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien

Author

Majkowski, J., Cayré, Patrice (ed.), and Le Gall, J.Y.

Subjects
CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE, GESTION DES PECHES, ACCORD INTERNATIONAL, PECHE THONIERE, DROIT DE LA MER
Abstract

L'objectif de cette contribution est d'identifier et d'interpréter les implications en terme de recherche de l'approche précautionneuse, développée sur le cas particulier des espèces de thons et espèces proches, de l'accord dit des Nations Unies dans le cadre de la COnvention sur le droit de la mer relatif à la gestion des stocks de poissons migratoires et des stocks partagés. L'approche précautionneuse représente une nouvelle stratégie dans le mode de pensée en ce qui concerne l'impact des incertitudes sur les connaissances, et le risque encouru par la ressource, l'environnement et les incidences économiques et sociales des choix. Cette approche aura un incidence sur la conservation des espèces, la gestion des pêcheries, les opérations de pêche, la technologie et la recherche halieutique. Des nouveaux champs et domaines de recherche s'ouvrent ainsi dans le domaine thonier. Cette étude porte particulièrement sur les besoins identifiés en recherche, particulièrement pour l'évaluation des espèces cibles, le besoin de connaissances fondamentales en biologie et données statistiques de base. Ces données sont également requises pour les espèces non-cibles. L'étude suggère aux chercheurs et aux gestionnaires quelques lignes directrices pour l'approche précautionneuse appliquée à l'exploitation des ressources de l'océan en grands poissons pélagiques thonidés et espèces liées ou proches. (Résumé d'auteur)

Published
1998

27. Cost minimization analysis of antiepileptic drugs in newly diagnosed epilepsy in 12 European countries

Author

UCL - Autre, Heaney, DC, Shorvon, SD, Sander, JWAS, Boon, P., Komarek, V, Marusic, P, Dravet, C, Perucca, E, Majkowski, J, Lima, JL, Arroyo, S, Tomson, T, Ried, S, van Donselaar, C, Eskazan, E, Peeters, Patrick, Carita, P, Tjong-a-Hung, I, Myon, E, Taieb, C, 3rd European Congress of Epileptology, UCL - Autre, Heaney, DC, Shorvon, SD, Sander, JWAS, Boon, P., Komarek, V, Marusic, P, Dravet, C, Perucca, E, Majkowski, J, Lima, JL, Arroyo, S, Tomson, T, Ried, S, van Donselaar, C, Eskazan, E, Peeters, Patrick, Carita, P, Tjong-a-Hung, I, Myon, E, Taieb, C, and 3rd European Congress of Epileptology

Abstract

A recent United Kingdom cost minimization analysis (CMA) of four antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used to treat newly diagnosed adult epilepsy demonstrated that a new drug, lamotrigine (LTG), incurred higher costs than carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), and valproate (VPA), whose costs were similar. This analysis took account of each drug's side effect and tolerability profile. The present analysis investigated the costs of treatment with LTG, CBZ, PI-IT, and VPA in 12 European countries. Data were derived from published sources and from a panel of locally based experts. When no published data were available, estimates were obtained using expert opinion by a consensus method. These data were incorporated into a treatment pathway model, which considered the treatment of patients during the first 12 months after diagnosis. The primary outcome considered was seizure freedom. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that the drugs considered are equally effective in terms of their ability to achieve seizure freedom, and thus the most appropriate form of economic evaluation is a CMA. These trials provided data on the incidence of side effects, dosages, and retention rates. The economic perspective taken was that of society as a whole and the analysis was calculated on an "intent-to-treat" basis. Only direct medical costs were considered. In each country considered, LTG was twofold to threefold more expensive than the other drugs considered. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that varying each of the assumptions (range defined by expert panels) did not significantly alter the results obtained.

Published
2000

28. Cost Minimization Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs in Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy in 12 European Countries

Author

Heaney, D. C., primary, Shorvon, S. D., additional, Sander, J. W. A. S., additional, Boon, P., additional, Komarek, V., additional, Marusic, P., additional, Dravet, C., additional, Perucca, E., additional, Majkowski, J., additional, Lima, J. Lopes, additional, Arroyo, S., additional, Tomson, T., additional, Ried, S., additional, Donselaar, C., additional, Eskazan, E., additional, Peeters, P., additional, Carita, P., additional, Tjong-a-Hung, I., additional, Myon, E., additional, and Taieb, C., additional

Published
2007
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42. State-Dependent Variations in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses in Human Subjects

Author

Sersen, E. A., Majkowski, J., Clausen, J., and Heaney, G. M.

Abstract

BAERs from 16 subjects during 3 sessions varied in the latency or amplitude of some components depending upon level of arousal as indicated by EEG patterns. There was a general tendency for activation to produce the fastest responses with the largest amplitudes and for drowsiness to produce the slowest responses with the smallest amplitudes. The latency of P2 was significantly prolonged during drowsiness, relative to those during relaxation or activation. For right-ear stimulation, P5 latency was longest during drowsiness, and shortest during activation while for left-ear stimulation the shortest latency occurred during relaxation. The amplitudes of Wave II and Wave VII were significantly smaller during drowsiness than during activation. Although the differences were below the level of clinical significance, the data indicate a modification in the characteristics of brainstem transmission as a function of concurrent activity in other brain areas.

Published
1984
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