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The tribological and mechanical properties of materials deteriorate when a scratch test is performed. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of distilled water on the scratch resistance properties (SRP) of kenaf and jute fibre-reinforced polymer composites (KJFRPC). Water absorption test were conducted on (KJFRPC) 720 h. Scratch tests were performed after 0, 240, 480, and 720 h of distilled water absorption. SRP such as the critical normal load (CNL), coefficient of friction (COF), penetration depth (Pd), fracture toughness and scratch hardness. The findings showed that the scratch resistance properties (SRP) of KJFRPC decreased drastically after exposure to distilled water, indicating a significant impact of moisture absorption. Moreover, KFRPC exhibited superior scratch resistance performance, with higher values for CNL, fracture toughness, Pd, and scratch hardness compared to jute fiber-reinforced polymer composites (JFRPC) after 720 hours of moisture absorption. This suggests that KFRPC is more resistant to the detrimental effects of water and maintains its mechanical properties better than JFRPC under prolonged exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti6Al4V is a composite material with low density (4.5 g/cm3), melting point (16680C), and modulus of elasticity (107 GPa). Ti6Al4V's ambient temperature tensile values can reach 1400 MPa, and its yield strength is noted. The Ti6Al4V alloys are also extremely malleable, making them simple to make and machine. The cutting capabilities of titanium compound will be improved by introducing and registering a novel technique presented in this work. Pre-heating the workpiece with an induction coil heating device before end milling on a vertical machining centre will be studied (VC450-Spinner). WC-Co/PCD inserts placed 25 mm across the mill (R390-025B25-11M/R390-170408E-NLH13A) were thoroughly studied with general preheating method on Ti6Al4V machinability metrics like span of tool, Ra & Fc, noise, anomalies, tool, and morphology. Similarly, bare WC-Co was widely used in warmed machining (straight around multiple times compared to room temperature machining), and estimates of tool life are basically greater than those for cutting with PCD in room temperature machining. Preheated milling reduces shaking and noise, which in turn reduces cutting power and increases the lifespan of the tool. Preheated milling also increased chip-device contact length, lowering tool wear. The device also improved tool life and surface roughness by optimising cutting settings and preheating temperature. Lastly, preheating improved bare WC-Co execution and PCD tool life predictions under room temperature milling. By reducing disturbance and noise and the resulting cutting power, preheated milling promotes longer tool life. Preheated milling increases chip-tool contact length, which reduces tool wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the aim of the study is to investigate the mechanical properties of eco-hybrid natural polymer of kenaf and glass fibre. The specimens were fabricated using vacuum infusion technique and joining into single lap bolted joint. The mechanical fasteners of Huck lock bolt were used as joining method with the bondline length of 64 mm. The investigation was conducted under two different conditions of dry and wet of 50°C for water immersion of 20 days. The effect of moisture was defined in bolted joints materials. The tensile test with a speed rate of 1 mm/min was conducted for both condition using 100 kN load cell until total failure of specimen. The experimental results were plotted into load displacement and stress strain curve for each environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important factors that affect the output of mushroom productivity is temperature. From that, this paper presents the design and simulation of an Automatic Control Room Heater system for Agricultural industry. This system allows the user to set a desired temperature for control room and fruiting phase which has been set between 34 °C − 32 °C and 28 °C − 32 °C, respectively. The process was developed by the responds of the system by turning ON any of loads (fan or a heater) automatically depending on the temperature difference. The system was designed and simulated using solid works and Arduino software, respectively. As a result, the planted mushroom that used automated handling method was advantageous in morphology features compared with manual handling method. In addition, the total yield of mushroom for automated was higher than manual handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental studies have been presented in this paper on dissimilar material metal/fibre laminates to investigate the fatigue response under tension-tension loading. The testing was evaluated on single lap joints (SLJs) with different joint technique; fastener bolted, adhesive bonded and hybrid (combination of bolted and bonded) joint with dimension of 160 mm length, 40 mm width and 3±0.5 mm thickness. The dynamic testing was subjected into constant frequency and stress ratio of 5 Hz and 0.1, respectively. The range of applied load level were defined in between 30 % to 90%. Theoretically, significant improvements in fatigue strength can be obtained by adopting long overlap length which used in the study, 64 mm. From the experimental study, the hybrid joint of dissimilar material reached highest load cycles followed by adhesive bonded and bolted joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to model the performance of the Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) composite pipe under multiaxial loading via system identification approach. System identification modelling depends on the input and output data of the experimental result. In this study, the experimental data used are obtained from a pressurised test rig. The model is based on pure hydrostatic (2H: 1A) loading using GRE pipes with three different winding angles (±45 °, ±55 °, ±63 °). Several models based on different model structures are derived for comparison to obtain the best modelling accuracy. The result shows that the transfer function method could model and has the highest efficiency compared with the experimental result. The ±45 ° pipe model have achieved 92.41% and 85.13% for both its hoop and axial model. The ±55 ° pipe model has achieved 96.64% and 86.1%. Follow by the ±63° which the best fit is 92.41% and 94.26%. At the last part of this research, the ±55° pipe model and experimental data has been use to identified when the damage occur and found that the axial strain of 78 bar can damage the experimental pipe in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensile strength of a fibre extracted from "Belatlan Root" plant was investigated as potential reinforcement material in polymeric composites. Following retting process, the fibres were manually extracted from "Belatlan" root's plant. The fibres were treated with 5% 10%, 15%, and 20% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) wt. % concentration for 24 h. The single fibre tests were then performed in accordance with ASTM D3822-07 standard. The surfaces of the fibres prior and after the treatment were observed with a metallurgical Microscope MT8100 and the physical properties were recorded. Physically, in the post treatment, the fibre showed a decrease in diameter with increase in NaOH concentration The results from the mechanical testing indicates that samples subjected to 5% NaOH treatment yielded the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus at 89.05 MPa ± 2.75 and 3.81 GPa ± 0.09 respectively compared to untreated fibres. This represents an increase of almost 72% in tensile strength and 42% for elastic modulus. The findings support the preliminary information for incorporating the "Belatlan Root" as possible reinforcing materials in composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to model the ultrasonic tomography on the E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite pipe for process monitoring and control. Finite element software and mathematical estimation were applied to model and study the ultrasound wave propagation, especially the reflection and transmission coefficient. While there is a significant result achieved between mathematical estimation and finite element analysis with maximum percentage distinctly in 2.33. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]