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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on seabed liquefaction under progressive waves. To analyze the potential of the soil to liquefy, the position of the critical state line (CSL) was determined in a series of monotonic triaxial shear tests that were carried out on soil samples, which were characterized by different initial states that correspond to contractive and dilative behavior. Based on these results, the main experiments in the wave flume were designed. They were performed to investigate the effect of wave height and wave period on the possibility of soil liquefaction. Pore water pressures were measured at different depths of the subsoil. The correlation between the wave parameters and the susceptibility of the soil subgrade to liquefaction was analyzed. A three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the effect of the wave height and period on the variation in the maximum excess pore pressure and the sequences in the liquefaction process was performed. The experimental results show that the level of the maximum excess pore pressure and sequence of the liquefaction process are strongly affected by the wave height and period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to collect experimental data on the vertical structure of sediment fluxes during the wave crest and trough phase over sloped bed. The first stage of the experimental work included measurements of these fluxes using the particle image method, while the second stage, measurements of sediment transport rates and granulometric distributions of sediments collected in the traps on both sides of the sloped initial area. The experimental data were compared both with the results collected previously over flat bed as well as with a theoretical analysis based on a three-layer model of graded sediment transport. This model does not take into account the effects related to the presence of fine and very fine fractions and neglects the effects related to the bed slope, i.e., to gravitational forces and to additional pressure gradients. Hence, a modification of this model is proposed that is based on four coefficients that corrected for sediment fluxes over sloped bed. The consistency of the sediment transport calculations according to the modified model with measurements was achieved within plus/minus a factor of 2 of the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on soldering flux. It discusses the process of brazing stainless steel, titanium and their alloys. It also presents information on several topics which include the characteristics of fluxes for brazing titanium, characteristics of fluxes for brazing alloy steels which are difficult to solder, and flux for brazing titanium.