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2. Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Akeredolu, Alimatu-Sadia, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Aojula, Sonam, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Chatterjee, Shaunak, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, De Waal, Hanelie, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Hussain, Ifrah, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Sopian, Aninditya Salma, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Van Den Tooren, Harriet, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Published
2020
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3. The Analysis of Teaching of Medical Schools (AToMS) survey: an analysis of 47,258 timetabled teaching events in 25 UK medical schools relating to timing, duration, teaching formats, teaching content, and problem-based learning

Author

Devine, Oliver Patrick, Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Akeredolu, Alimatu-Sadia, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Aojula, Sonam, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Chatterjee, Shaunak, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, De Waal, Hanelie, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Hussain, Ifrah, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Sopian, Aninditya Salma, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Van Den Tooren, Harriet, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and McManus, I. C.

Published
2020
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6. Comparative Study of Different Products of Carbamazepine Tablets Available in Iraqi Market

Author

Al-Shaheen, Mohammed K, Majeed, Saad M, Al-Zidan, Radhwan Nidal, Al-Shaheen, Mohammed K, Majeed, Saad M, and Al-Zidan, Radhwan Nidal

Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug to control grand mal epilepsy, as well as for the treatment of peripheral neuralgia. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), CBZ is considered a class II drug. CBZ is characterized by a slow and irregular gastrointestinal absorption, with irregular oral bioavailability; due to its low water solubility. Therefore, the release of the drug from the dosage form (tablets in this study) and the subsequent step of dissolution represent the most important parameters that decide whether a sufficient plasma concentration will be achieved or not. In the current study, the FTIR study for the pure API, CBZ, and the different commercially available brands of CBZ conventional tablets, available in the Iraqi drug market (Mosul city as an example), were examined. Subsequently, various quality control parameters such as the weight variation, content uniformity, friability, and hardness of the conventional CBZ tablets were conducted. Moreover, the disintegration and the dissolution tests of the different brands of CBZ available in the Iraqi drug market were performed. Keywords: Antiepileptic Drug, Bioequivalence; Epilepsy; Generic; Brand vs generic; IVIVC; QC

Published
2021

10. Additional file 4 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 4. Graphs 1 to 210 (pages 1 to 35).

Published
2020
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11. Additional file 7 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 7. Graphs 631 to 840 (pages 106 to 140).

Published
2020
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12. Additional file 6 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 6. Graphs 421 to 630 (pages 71 to 105).

Published
2020
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13. Additional file 8 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 8. Graphs 841 to 1050 (pages 141 to 175).

Published
2020
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14. Additional file 1 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 1. Figures S1 to S10, and additional text on the causal ordering of variables.

Published
2020
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15. Additional file 5 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 5. Graphs 211 to 420 (pages 36 to 70).

Published
2020
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16. Additional file 3 of Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Sonam Aojula, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Shaunak Chatterjee, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, Waal, Hanelie De, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Ifrah Hussain, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Aninditya Salma Sopian, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Tooren, Harriet Van Den, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Abstract

Additional file 3. Index and notes on supplementary graphs 1 to 205 (page 1 to 205).

Published
2020
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17. Multiple Unite Pellet Systems (MUPS) as Drug Delivery model

Author

Majeed, Saad M., Al-Shaheen, Mohammed K., Al-Zidan, Radhwan Nidal, Mahmood, Sameer M., Majeed, Saad M., Al-Shaheen, Mohammed K., Al-Zidan, Radhwan Nidal, and Mahmood, Sameer M.

Abstract

Multiparticulate drug delivery systems are mainly oral dosage form, consist of small discrete units that exhibit different characteristics especially in release pattern and drug bioavailability. These systems are represented by granules, pellets, microspheres, microcapsules, and minitablets. Pellets offer high flexibility in the design, formulation, and development of oral dosage forms such as sachet, suspension, capsule, and tablet. Multiparticulate tablets manufactured by compaction of multiple unite pellets is one of the latest and, yet, challenging technologies. Multiparticulate tablets combine the benefits of both a tablet and a pellet-filled capsule in one dosage form but their manufacturing experience many difficulties. The oral multiparticulate products consist of polymer-coated subunits or pellets, which are embedded in an inert excipients’ matrix, formulated to overcome the difficulty in administering capsules and improve the physicochemical stability of suspension and offer predictable release and uniform distribution in the gastro-intestinal tract compared to the plain tablet. This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of MUPS, the properties of an ideal MUPS, various pharmaceutical applications of MUPS, the challenges and key variables that to be considered in the tableting process for successful production of MUPS Keywords: MUPS®, Pellets, Multiparticulate tablets.

Published
2020

19. Fabrication and Evaluation of Oral Multi-Particulate Tablets of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Esomeprazole as a Model.

Author

Al-Zidan, Radhwan N., Majeed, Saad M., and Al-Shaheen, Mohammed K.

Subjects
*PROTON pump inhibitors, *PANTOPRAZOLE, *ESOMEPRAZOLE, *MEDICAL personnel, *DUODENAL diseases, *GASTRIC acid
Abstract

Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, inhibits gastric acid secretion and used to treat many acid-related gastric/duodenal diseases in adults and children. The present article investigated the development of an oral delayed- release multi-particulate tablet of Esomeprazole, which consists of enteric coated pellets of esomeprazole. Such dosage form offers the healthcare providers a higher dosage flexibility to give the appropriate dose regarding the patient age and the disease state of the patient. In addition, the proposed dosage form enhances the physicochemical stability of coated drug by forming multi-unite pellets system (MUPS) ®. Compression of coated pellets is an arduous process and requires the optimization of several formulations and processing variables; among it includes size, nature, and amount of tableting additives as well as the applied compression force. In this study, several trials were executed to prepare a satisfactory product by using the direct compression method with different directly compressible fillers, having suitable cushioning properties, like spray dried lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and dibasic calcium phosphate. In this study, it was found that adding up to 49% of (MCC) offered greater protection to the coated pellets, and greatly maintained the integrity of the multi- particulate tablet—even under a compression force of about 3 tons. This research work led to successful formulation of esomeprazole delayed release multi-particulate tablets containing enteric coated pellets equivalent to 20 mg of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate using the direct compression method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

21. The Effect of Job Dissatisfaction and Workplace Bullying on Turnover Intention: Organization Climate and Group Cohesion as Moderators

Author

Majeed Saad Aljohani and Iheanacho Emeka Nwobia

Subjects
Workplace bullying, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), Organisation climate, Group cohesiveness, Turnover, 0502 economics and business, Workforce, Conceptual model, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Job dissatisfaction, Psychology, Social psychology, 050203 business & management, 050104 developmental & child psychology, media_common
Abstract

There have been numerous studies on employee turnover intentions but very few have advanced on the notion of job dissatisfaction and workforce bullying from a contingent perspective. This paper conceptually examines how organizational climate and group cohesion impact on the domain relationships. We introduce a conceptual model to analyze potential consequences of employee turnover intentions. This is an important gap as the literature on turnover intentions has lagged conceptual developments. Several research propositionsare presented to provide guidelines for further empirical inquiries, hence precedes our understanding ofthe area of research. The paper concludes by discussingpractical and methodological implications for future research endeavors.

Published
2017
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27. Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

Richard Nzewi, Luke Debenham, Calum MacMillan, Kiran Nadeem, Zoe Carrington, Omar Risk, Rebecca Razey, James Parkin, Sam Myers, Asanish Kalyanasundaram, Mark Awad, Zein Gowie, Julian Purdy, Simon E. V. Phillips, Zoe Wellbelove, Mike Jones, Priscilla Kirkland, Nadine Abbas, Oluseyi Adesalu, Roxanne Tajbakhsh, Oliver Shotton, Adele Heaney, Joseph Brandreth, Benjamin Human, Jamie Mac Donald Burrell, Benjamin Thompson, Wassim Merzougui, Chris Harlow, Matthew South, Angelos Mantelakis, Nora Sangvik Grandal, Samuel C. Barnes, Daniel Sims, Fady Sameh Anis, Hannah Lawrence-Smith, Thomas P. W. Cope, Farris Ziyada, Saad Majeed, Carmel Razzaghi, Jack Eldridge, Rachel Maguire, Amy Harrington, Simon Lubbock, Abdul Muiz Azri Yahaya, Roshan Ullah, Oliver P. Devine, Zoe Cashin, Usman Rasul, Daniel Tadross, Pranoy Sangal, Ngan Hong Ta, Ammar Ahmed, Mehar Chawla, Sarah Freeston, Hugo Layard Horsfall, Sohini Pawar, Eve Lancaster, Harriet Hunter, Richard Clough, Alex Eyre, Sonam Aojula, Prabhjot Singh Malhotra, Elliot Raymond-Taggert, Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Abdelrahman Said, Katherine Aiken, Ryan Janjuha, Adam Sage, Wing Hang Serene Ho, Shree Vadera, Joyce Omatseye, Aninditya Salma Sopian, Daisy Bassey-Duke, Samuel Penrice, Tom Newman, Sarah Douglas, Helen Gilbert, Jia Jun Ang, Aisha Sooltangos, Leher Gumber, Raisa Ramjan, Nasreen Desai, Shaunak Chatterjee, Oloruntobi Rotimi, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Chris Clements, Harriet Van Den Tooren, Bronwen Jacob-Ramsdale, Savraj Kalsi, Mrudula Utukuri, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Eleanor Houghton, Meron Esere, Sadhana Kalidindi, Chung Shen Chean, James Coultas, Emma Sanders, Jessica Coulthurst, Ahmed Ashraf, Nick Smith, Whitney General, Katherine Garnett, Emma L Howard, Joanna Rigbye, Rebecca Braine, Saba Houshangi, Christina Hood, Aadam Shah, Praveen Mahendran, Ifrah Hussain, Ben Phillips, Keshni Gudka, Alimatu Sadia Akeredolu, Reza Nasseri, Tobin Joseph, Vinay Mandagere, Charlotte Leeson, Jess Trevett, Anjola Mosuro, Othman Khaled Al-Othman, Thomas Hughes-Gooding, Eimear Reel, Vinnie Christine Daniels, Liora Wittner, Sophie Paddock, Verity Ford, Daniel Smith, Sara Venturini, Rahul Atul Shah, Martha Amy Smith, Matthew Tyler, Charlotte Boreham, Ratan Randhawa, Katie Smart, Richard Thomas Jackson-Taylor, Agnieszka Jakubowska, Andrew Christopher Harborne, Jessica Speller, Sophie Mustoe, Ibrahim Alam, Richard B. Anderson, Mohit Patel, Tess Marshall-Andon, Liam Curry, Elliot John Revell, Sami Hussain, Hassan Baig, Geoffrey Hong Kiat Yong, Emma Aspinall, Robert Spencer, Sajan Khullar, Ryan Samuels, Saleh Jawad, Oliver Jones, Ivan Aganin, Rebecca Davis, Hanelie De Waal, I. C. McManus, Ryan Clark, Adam Moxley, Charlie Caird, Ibrahim T. Fazmin, Natasha Benons, Rosalie Ogborne, Rishi K Gupta, Sahaj Kaur, Melanie Vine, Muzzamil Jelani, James Druce, Julius Elisabeth Richard Lenaerts, Anna Kane, Lucy Holloway, Lady Namera Ejamike, Tom Joseph Syer, Alena Ashby, Sophie McGovern, Simon Davies, Sophia Fitzgerald-Smith, Aradhya Vijayakumar, Stuart Pearce, Kerry Long, Joseph Beecham, Catherine Arthur, Qaisar Khan, Joshua William Kearsley, David Johnston, Ross McAllister, Hannah Douglas, Aamna Ali, McManus, I. C. [0000-0003-3510-4814], Harborne, Andrew Christopher [0000-0003-0937-1492], Horsfall, Hugo Layard [0000-0001-7848-5325], Joseph, Tobin [0000-0002-9283-9895], Smith, Daniel T. [0000-0003-1215-5811], Marshall-Andon, Tess [0000-0001-8909-1639], Samuels, Ryan [0000-0002-0886-7990], Abbas, Nadine [0000-0002-9116-2915], Baig, Hassan [0000-0001-8999-0474], Beecham, Joseph [0000-0002-4390-9164], Benons, Natasha [0000-0002-0750-6560], Caird, Charlie [0000-0001-7553-5585], Clark, Ryan [0000-0002-6143-9098], Cope, Thomas [0000-0003-0247-7411], Coultas, James [0000-0003-3381-8936], Debenham, Luke [0000-0002-3300-7802], Douglas, Sarah [0000-0003-3272-8154], Eldridge, Jack [0000-0001-6792-7714], Hughes-Gooding, Thomas [0000-0001-8483-5686], Jakubowska, Agnieszka [0000-0003-3153-8666], Jones, Oliver [0000-0003-4334-3567], Lancaster, Eve [0000-0001-5703-252X], MacMillan, Calum [0000-0002-8167-0051], McAllister, Ross [0000-0003-1686-1174], Merzougui, Wassim [0000-0001-7398-0095], Phillips, Ben [0000-0002-0489-6700], Risk, Omar [0000-0002-9226-9263], Sage, Adam [0000-0002-7763-404X], Sooltangos, Aisha [0000-0001-5675-1709], Spencer, Robert [0000-0001-9045-6260], Tajbakhsh, Roxanne [0000-0002-3753-6306], Adesalu, Oluseyi [0000-0001-8796-2701], Aganin, Ivan [0000-0002-3711-9430], Aiken, Katherine [0000-0002-3245-7772], Alam, Ibrahim [0000-0003-2853-623X], Ali, Aamna [0000-0003-1255-6113], Anderson, Richard [0000-0003-4734-0208], Anis, Fady Sameh [0000-0002-0950-3777], Arthur, Catherine [0000-0001-9551-6250], Ashraf, Ahmed [0000-0002-3921-8395], Aspinall, Emma [0000-0001-8307-1661], Awad, Mark [0000-0002-6570-010X], Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri [0000-0002-7846-9322], Badhrinarayanan, Shreya [0000-0002-7159-098X], Bandyopadhyay, Soham [0000-0001-6553-3842], Barnes, Sam [0000-0001-6009-406X], Bassey-Duke, Daisy [0000-0002-0408-1042], Boreham, Charlotte [0000-0003-4828-0542], Braine, Rebecca [0000-0003-2751-3378], Brandreth, Joseph [0000-0002-6137-5928], Carrington, Zoe [0000-0002-0006-8334], Chawla, Mehar [0000-0003-0697-815X], Chean, Chung Shen [0000-0002-1625-4078], Clements, Chris [0000-0002-2567-5536], Clough, Richard [0000-0001-6941-7881], Coulthurst, Jessica [0000-0003-0714-9572], Curry, Liam [0000-0002-6906-5502], Daniels, Vinnie Christine [0000-0001-9461-8431], Davies, Simon [0000-0001-5556-7512], Davis, Rebecca [0000-0002-6960-5580], De Waal, Hanelie [0000-0002-9131-9521], Desai, Nasreen [0000-0003-4601-9084], Douglas, Hannah [0000-0001-8113-5465], Druce, James [0000-0001-6849-8560], Ejamike, Lady-Namera [0000-0001-6196-5584], Esere, Meron [0000-0002-1838-0756], Eyre, Alex [0000-0002-0474-5662], Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal [0000-0002-3300-6279], Ford, Verity [0000-0002-1364-8522], Freeston, Sarah [0000-0001-8768-5513], Garnett, Katherine [0000-0003-1135-6478], General, Whitney [0000-0002-9222-4233], Gilbert, Helen [0000-0002-5588-411X], Gowie, Zein [0000-0002-7597-7508], Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran [0000-0002-8537-0806], Gudka, Keshni [0000-0003-0880-6992], Gumber, Leher [0000-0003-0154-1207], Gupta, Rishi [0000-0003-3839-7982], Harlow, Chris [0000-0003-2912-0594], Heaney, Adele [0000-0002-0905-4342], Ho, Wing Hang Serene [0000-0002-2687-3198], Hood, Christina [0000-0001-6821-6324], Howard, Emma [0000-0001-8411-5734], Human, Benjamin [0000-0003-4445-0639], Hunter, Harriet [0000-0002-5204-2371], Hussain, Sami [0000-0002-8654-3617], Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas [0000-0002-6949-2977], Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen [0000-0001-6215-808X], Jawad, Saleh [0000-0001-8221-9871], Jelani, Muzzamil [0000-0003-3785-415X], Johnston, David [0000-0002-7078-7510], Kalidindi, Sadhana [0000-0002-4274-2913], Kalsi, Savraj [0000-0001-9103-5089], Kalyanasundaram, Asanish [0000-0003-4175-5998], Kane, Anna [0000-0002-6197-2511], Kaur, Sahaj [0000-0002-3446-6082], Al-Othman, Othman Khaled [0000-0001-5930-8593], Khan, Qaisar [0000-0002-5486-4205], Khullar, Sajan [0000-0001-6426-2892], Kirkland, Priscilla [0000-0003-2452-4207], Leeson, Charlotte [0000-0003-4735-2452], Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard [0000-0002-1626-7792], Long, Kerry [0000-0003-4546-5509], Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald [0000-0002-8175-3973], Maguire, Rachel [0000-0003-4855-5550], Mahendran, Praveen [0000-0002-4084-5222], Majeed, Saad [0000-0003-4289-5597], Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh [0000-0001-7463-3941], Mandagere, Vinay [0000-0002-2969-6457], Mantelakis, Angelos [0000-0001-7109-943X], McGovern, Sophie [0000-0002-6198-7553], Mosuro, Anjola [0000-0002-9013-9289], Moxley, Adam [0000-0001-9794-091X], Mustoe, Sophie [0000-0002-7870-1320], Myers, Sam [0000-0001-6050-4663], Nadeem, Kiran [0000-0001-5988-6780], Newman, Tom [0000-0002-7987-9948], Nzewi, Richard [0000-0002-8159-1302], Ogborne, Rosalie [0000-0003-3327-6030], Omatseye, Joyce [0000-0001-7472-4712], Parkin, James [0000-0002-1861-0822], Patel, Mohit [0000-0003-1168-2759], Pawar, Sohini [0000-0003-0224-5258], Pearce, Stuart [0000-0002-7482-0752], Penrice, Samuel [0000-0002-1142-6686], Ramjan, Raisa [0000-0002-2020-2123], Randhawa, Ratan [0000-0002-4749-4410], Rasul, Usman [0000-0001-5820-1313], Raymond-Taggert, Elliot [0000-0003-1514-6662], Razey, Rebecca [0000-0003-1971-3580], Razzaghi, Carmel [0000-0002-3264-8528], Revell, Elliot John [0000-0001-6025-094X], Rigbye, Joanna [0000-0003-4860-4084], Rotimi, Oloruntobi [0000-0002-1385-1993], Said, Abdelrahman [0000-0002-9801-4202], Sangal, Pranoy [0000-0001-5775-5859], Grandal, Nora Sangvik [0000-0002-2461-7852], Shah, Aadam [0000-0003-1841-5530], Shah, Rahul Atul [0000-0002-6981-7305], Shotton, Oliver [0000-0001-6684-3308], Sims, Daniel [0000-0002-6916-3719], Smith, Martha Amy [0000-0002-4652-3507], Smith, Nick [0000-0003-4478-2772], South, Matthew [0000-0003-2297-1089], Speller, Jessica [0000-0001-5503-4791], Ta, Ngan Hong [0000-0002-8747-5329], Tadross, Daniel [0000-0002-3593-0182], Thompson, Benjamin [0000-0002-2491-5235], Trevett, Jess [0000-0001-5008-1724], Ullah, Roshan [0000-0002-5140-6655], Utukuri, Mrudula [0000-0003-1510-469X], Vadera, Shree [0000-0001-9492-7541], Van Den Tooren, Harriet [0000-0001-9902-7147], Venturini, Sara [0000-0002-9541-0090], Vijayakumar, Aradhya [0000-0002-8702-1087], Vine, Melanie [0000-0002-7978-4375], Wittner, Liora [0000-0003-1271-4839], Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat [0000-0003-0103-5793], Ziyada, Farris [0000-0003-2117-7262], Devine, Oliver Patrick [0000-0001-7621-9699], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, McManus, IC [0000-0003-3510-4814], and Smith, Daniel T [0000-0003-1215-5811]

Subjects
Male, Students, Medical, 020205 medical informatics, Preparedness, Problem-based learning, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Specialty, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, National Training Study, National Student Survey, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Perception, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medicine, Sanctions, Humans, Quality (business), 030212 general & internal medicine, Fitness to practise, Schools, Medical, GMC sanctions, media_common, Medical education, Postgraduate qualifications, business.industry, lcsh:R, Institutional histories, General Medicine, United Kingdom, Female, Medical school differences, business, Teaching styles, Research Article
Abstract

BackgroundMedical schools differ, particularly in their teaching, but it is unclear whether such differences matter, although influential claims are often made. The Medical School Differences (MedDifs) study brings together a wide range of measures of UK medical schools, including postgraduate performance, fitness to practise issues, specialty choice, preparedness, satisfaction, teaching styles, entry criteria and institutional factors.MethodAggregated data were collected for 50 measures across 29 UK medical schools. Data includeinstitutional history(e.g. rate of production of hospital and GP specialists in the past),curricular influences(e.g. PBL schools, spend per student, staff-student ratio), selection measures(e.g. entry grades),teaching and assessment(e.g. traditional vs PBL, specialty teaching, self-regulated learning), student satisfaction, Foundation selection scores,Foundation satisfaction,postgraduate examination performance andfitness to practise(postgraduate progression, GMC sanctions). Six specialties (General Practice, Psychiatry, Anaesthetics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Internal Medicine, Surgery) were examined in more detail.ResultsMedical school differences are stable across time (median alpha = 0.835). The 50 measures were highly correlated, 395 (32.2%) of 1225 correlations being significant withp p Problem-based learning (PBL) schools differ on many measures, including lower performance on postgraduate assessments. While these are in part explained by lower entry grades, a surprising finding is that schools such as PBL schools which reportedgreaterstudent satisfaction with feedback also showedlowerperformance at postgraduate examinations.More medical school teaching of psychiatry, surgery and anaesthetics did not result in more specialist trainees. Schools that taught more general practice did have more graduates entering GP training, but those graduates performed less well in MRCGP examinations, the negative correlation resulting from numbers of GP trainees and exam outcomes being affected both by non-traditional teaching and by greater historical production of GPs.Postgraduate exam outcomes were also higher in schools with more self-regulated learning, but lower in larger medical schools.A path model for 29 measures found a complex causal nexus, most measures causing or being caused by other measures. Postgraduate exam performance was influenced by earlier attainment, at entry to Foundation and entry to medical school (the so-called academic backbone), and by self-regulated learning.Foundation measures of satisfaction, including preparedness, had no subsequent influence on outcomes. Fitness to practise issues were more frequent in schools producing more male graduates and more GPs.ConclusionsMedical schools differ in large numbers of ways that are causally interconnected. Differences between schools in postgraduate examination performance, training problems and GMC sanctions have important implications for the quality of patient care and patient safety.

Published
2020

28. The Analysis of Teaching of Medical Schools (AToMS) survey: an analysis of 47,258 timetabled teaching events in 25 UK medical schools relating to timing, duration, teaching formats, teaching content, and problem-based learning

Author

Anjola Mosuro, Liora Wittner, Reza Nasseri, Zoe Carrington, Emma L Howard, Ifrah Hussain, Ben Phillips, Asanish Kalyanasundaram, Nadine Abbas, Robert Spencer, Keshni Gudka, Zoe Wellbelove, Harriet Hunter, Richard Clough, Alex Eyre, Ahmed Ashraf, Nick Smith, Tobin Joseph, Benjamin Human, Sajan Khullar, Oloruntobi Rotimi, Abdul-Muiz Azri Yahaya, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Whitney General, Martha Amy Smith, Adele Heaney, Ratan Randhawa, Tom Joseph Syer, Aninditya Salma Sopian, Christina Hood, Katie Smart, Richard Thomas Jackson-Taylor, Jia Jun Ang, Angelos Mantelakis, Shaunak Chatterjee, Bronwen Jacob-Ramsdale, Matthew Tyler, Saba Houshangi, Charlotte Boreham, Wassim Merzougui, Oliver P. Devine, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Tess Marshall-Andon, Liam Curry, Elliot John Revell, Andrew Christopher Harborne, Oliver Shotton, Natasha Benons, Samuel C. Barnes, Sophie McGovern, Daniel Sims, Stuart Pearce, Sami Hussain, Hassan Baig, Catherine Arthur, Tom Newman, Kerry Long, Farris Ziyada, Savraj Kalsi, Agnieszka Jakubowska, Julian Purdy, Rebecca Braine, Julius Elisabeth Richard Lenaerts, Eimear Reel, Joshua William Kearsley, Ross McAllister, Jess Trevett, Jessica Speller, Joseph Beecham, Roshan Ullah, Geoffrey Hong Kiat Yong, Mrudula Utukuri, Sophie Mustoe, Aradhya Vijayakumar, Mohit Patel, Sadhana Kalidindi, Mark Awad, Hugo Layard Horsfall, Ryan Samuels, Eve Lancaster, Carmel Razzaghi, Sonam Aojula, Priscilla Kirkland, Sophie Paddock, Elliot Raymond-Taggert, Omar Risk, Vinay Mandagere, Saleh Jawad, Rebecca Davis, Ngan Hong Ta, Abdelrahman Said, Aadam Shah, Othman Khaled Al-Othman, Usman Rasul, Mehar Chawla, Ryan Janjuha, Wing Hang Serene Ho, I. C. McManus, Sara Venturini, Thomas Hughes-Gooding, Alimatu-Sadia Akeredolu, Verity Ford, Charlie Caird, Aamna Ali, Saad Majeed, Jack Eldridge, Rachel Maguire, Prabhjot Singh Malhotra, Lady-Namera Ejamike, Sarah Freeston, Katherine Aiken, Mike Jones, Oluseyi Adesalu, Shree Vadera, Roxanne Tajbakhsh, Nasreen Desai, Daniel Tadross, Jessica Coulthurst, Vinnie Christine Daniels, Sam Myers, Joseph Brandreth, Chris Clements, Chung Shen Chean, Chris Harlow, Praveen Mahendran, Benjamin Thompson, Adam Moxley, Thomas P. W. Cope, James Druce, Matthew South, Emma Aspinall, Pranoy Sangal, Ammar Ahmed, Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Daisy Bassey-Duke, Samuel Penrice, Nora Sangvik Grandal, Eleanor Houghton, Amy Harrington, Simon Lubbock, Leher Gumber, Sohini Pawar, Raisa Ramjan, Qaisar Khan, David Johnston, Aisha Sooltangos, Hannah Douglas, Meron Esere, Lucy Holloway, Alena Ashby, Simon Davies, Sophia Fitzgerald-Smith, Hanelie De Waal, Ibrahim T. Fazmin, Rosalie Ogborne, Sahaj Kaur, Melanie Vine, Muzzamil Jelani, Anna Kane, James Coultas, Ibrahim Alam, Jamie Mac Donald Burrell, Hannah Lawrence-Smith, Zoe Cashin, Joyce Omatseye, Sarah Douglas, Helen Gilbert, Harriet Van Den Tooren, Katherine Garnett, Joanna Rigbye, Rebecca Razey, James Parkin, Simon Phillips, Charlotte Leeson, Rahul Atul Shah, Richard Nzewi, Luke Debenham, Zein Gowie, Calum MacMillan, Kiran Nadeem, Fady Sameh Anis, Adam Sage, Emma Sanders, Oliver Jones, Ivan Aganin, Richard B. Anderson, Rishi K Gupta, Ryan Clark, Devine, Oliver Patrick [0000-0001-7621-9699], Harborne, Andrew Christopher [0000-0003-0937-1492], Horsfall, Hugo Layard [0000-0001-7848-5325], Joseph, Tobin [0000-0002-9283-9895], Marshall-Andon, Tess [0000-0001-8909-1639], Samuels, Ryan [0000-0002-0886-7990], Abbas, Nadine [0000-0002-9116-2915], Baig, Hassan [0000-0001-8999-0474], Beecham, Joseph [0000-0002-4390-9164], Benons, Natasha [0000-0002-0750-6560], Caird, Charlie [0000-0001-7553-5585], Clark, Ryan [0000-0002-6143-9098], Cope, Thomas [0000-0003-0247-7411], Coultas, James [0000-0003-3381-8936], Debenham, Luke [0000-0002-3300-7802], Douglas, Sarah [0000-0003-3272-8154], Eldridge, Jack [0000-0001-6792-7714], Hughes-Gooding, Thomas [0000-0001-8483-5686], Jakubowska, Agnieszka [0000-0003-3153-8666], Jones, Oliver [0000-0003-4334-3567], Lancaster, Eve [0000-0001-5703-252X], MacMillan, Calum [0000-0002-8167-0051], McAllister, Ross [0000-0003-1686-1174], Merzougui, Wassim [0000-0001-7398-0095], Phillips, Ben [0000-0002-0489-6700], Risk, Omar [0000-0002-9226-9263], Sage, Adam [0000-0002-7763-404X], Sooltangos, Aisha [0000-0001-5675-1709], Spencer, Robert [0000-0001-9045-6260], Tajbakhsh, Roxanne [0000-0002-3753-6306], Adesalu, Oluseyi [0000-0001-8796-2701], Aganin, Ivan [0000-0002-3711-9430], Aiken, Katherine [0000-0002-3245-7772], Alam, Ibrahim [0000-0003-2853-623X], Ali, Aamna [0000-0003-1255-6113], Anderson, Richard [0000-0003-4734-0208], Anis, Fady Sameh [0000-0002-0950-3777], Arthur, Catherine [0000-0001-9551-6250], Ashraf, Ahmed [0000-0002-3921-8395], Aspinall, Emma [0000-0001-8307-1661], Awad, Mark [0000-0002-6570-010X], Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri [0000-0002-7846-9322], Badhrinarayanan, Shreya [0000-0002-7159-098X], Bandyopadhyay, Soham [0000-0001-6553-3842], Barnes, Sam [0000-0001-6009-406X], Bassey-Duke, Daisy [0000-0002-0408-1042], Boreham, Charlotte [0000-0003-4828-0542], Braine, Rebecca [0000-0003-2751-3378], Brandreth, Joseph [0000-0002-6137-5928], Carrington, Zoe [0000-0002-0006-8334], Chawla, Mehar [0000-0003-0697-815X], Chean, Chung Shen [0000-0002-1625-4078], Clements, Chris [0000-0002-2567-5536], Clough, Richard [0000-0001-6941-7881], Coulthurst, Jessica [0000-0003-0714-9572], Curry, Liam [0000-0002-6906-5502], Daniels, Vinnie Christine [0000-0001-9461-8431], Davies, Simon [0000-0001-5556-7512], Davis, Rebecca [0000-0002-6960-5580], De Waal, Hanelie [0000-0002-9131-9521], Desai, Nasreen [0000-0003-4601-9084], Douglas, Hannah [0000-0001-8113-5465], Druce, James [0000-0001-6849-8560], Ejamike, Lady-Namera [0000-0001-6196-5584], Esere, Meron [0000-0002-1838-0756], Eyre, Alex [0000-0002-0474-5662], Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal [0000-0002-3300-6279], Ford, Verity [0000-0002-1364-8522], Freeston, Sarah [0000-0001-8768-5513], Garnett, Katherine [0000-0003-1135-6478], General, Whitney [0000-0002-9222-4233], Gilbert, Helen [0000-0002-5588-411X], Gowie, Zein [0000-0002-7597-7508], Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran [0000-0002-8537-0806], Gudka, Keshni [0000-0003-0880-6992], Gumber, Leher [0000-0003-0154-1207], Gupta, Rishi [0000-0003-3839-7982], Harlow, Chris [0000-0003-2912-0594], Heaney, Adele [0000-0002-0905-4342], Ho, Wing Hang Serene [0000-0002-2687-3198], Hood, Christina [0000-0001-6821-6324], Howard, Emma [0000-0001-8411-5734], Human, Benjamin [0000-0003-4445-0639], Hunter, Harriet [0000-0002-5204-2371], Hussain, Sami [0000-0002-8654-3617], Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas [0000-0002-6949-2977], Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen [0000-0001-6215-808X], Jawad, Saleh [0000-0001-8221-9871], Jelani, Muzzamil [0000-0003-3785-415X], Johnston, David [0000-0002-7078-7510], Kalidindi, Sadhana [0000-0002-4274-2913], Kalsi, Savraj [0000-0001-9103-5089], Kalyanasundaram, Asanish [0000-0003-4175-5998], Kane, Anna [0000-0002-6197-2511], Kaur, Sahaj [0000-0002-3446-6082], Al-Othman, Othman Khaled [0000-0001-5930-8593], Khan, Qaisar [0000-0002-5486-4205], Khullar, Sajan [0000-0001-6426-2892], Kirkland, Priscilla [0000-0003-2452-4207], Leeson, Charlotte [0000-0003-4735-2452], Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard [0000-0002-1626-7792], Long, Kerry [0000-0003-4546-5509], Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald [0000-0002-8175-3973], Maguire, Rachel [0000-0003-4855-5550], Mahendran, Praveen [0000-0002-4084-5222], Majeed, Saad [0000-0003-4289-5597], Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh [0000-0001-7463-3941], Mandagere, Vinay [0000-0002-2969-6457], Mantelakis, Angelos [0000-0001-7109-943X], McGovern, Sophie [0000-0002-6198-7553], Mosuro, Anjola [0000-0002-9013-9289], Moxley, Adam [0000-0001-9794-091X], Mustoe, Sophie [0000-0002-7870-1320], Myers, Sam [0000-0001-6050-4663], Nadeem, Kiran [0000-0001-5988-6780], Newman, Tom [0000-0002-7987-9948], Nzewi, Richard [0000-0002-8159-1302], Ogborne, Rosalie [0000-0003-3327-6030], Omatseye, Joyce [0000-0001-7472-4712], Parkin, James [0000-0002-1861-0822], Patel, Mohit [0000-0003-1168-2759], Pawar, Sohini [0000-0003-0224-5258], Pearce, Stuart [0000-0002-7482-0752], Penrice, Samuel [0000-0002-1142-6686], Ramjan, Raisa [0000-0002-2020-2123], Randhawa, Ratan [0000-0002-4749-4410], Rasul, Usman [0000-0001-5820-1313], Raymond-Taggert, Elliot [0000-0003-1514-6662], Razey, Rebecca [0000-0003-1971-3580], Razzaghi, Carmel [0000-0002-3264-8528], Revell, Elliot John [0000-0001-6025-094X], Rigbye, Joanna [0000-0003-4860-4084], Rotimi, Oloruntobi [0000-0002-1385-1993], Said, Abdelrahman [0000-0002-9801-4202], Sangal, Pranoy [0000-0001-5775-5859], Grandal, Nora Sangvik [0000-0002-2461-7852], Shah, Aadam [0000-0003-1841-5530], Shah, Rahul Atul [0000-0002-6981-7305], Shotton, Oliver [0000-0001-6684-3308], Sims, Daniel [0000-0002-6916-3719], Smith, Martha Amy [0000-0002-4652-3507], Smith, Nick [0000-0003-4478-2772], South, Matthew [0000-0003-2297-1089], Speller, Jessica [0000-0001-5503-4791], Ta, Ngan Hong [0000-0002-8747-5329], Tadross, Daniel [0000-0002-3593-0182], Thompson, Benjamin [0000-0002-2491-5235], Trevett, Jess [0000-0001-5008-1724], Ullah, Roshan [0000-0002-5140-6655], Utukuri, Mrudula [0000-0003-1510-469X], Vadera, Shree [0000-0001-9492-7541], Van Den Tooren, Harriet [0000-0001-9902-7147], Venturini, Sara [0000-0002-9541-0090], Vijayakumar, Aradhya [0000-0002-8702-1087], Vine, Melanie [0000-0002-7978-4375], Wittner, Liora [0000-0003-1271-4839], Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat [0000-0003-0103-5793], Ziyada, Farris [0000-0003-2117-7262], McManus, IC [0000-0003-3510-4814], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and McManus, I. C. [0000-0003-3510-4814]

Subjects
Male, 020205 medical informatics, Problem-based learning, lcsh:Medicine, Timetables, Tutorials, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Self-regulated learning, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical teaching, Surveys and Questionnaires, Curriculum mapping, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Duration (project management), Student perceptions, Medical education, Academic year, business.industry, lcsh:R, General Medicine, United Kingdom, Lectures, Female, Curriculum, Medical school differences, business, Postgraduate training, Teaching styles, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Research Article
Abstract

Background: \ud What subjects UK medical schools teach, what ways they teach subjects, and how much they teach those subjects is unclear. Whether teaching differences matter is a separate, important question. This study provides a detailed picture of timetabled undergraduate teaching activity at 25 UK medical schools, particularly in relation to problem-based learning (PBL).\ud \ud Method: \ud The Analysis of Teaching of Medical Schools (AToMS) survey used detailed timetables provided by 25 schools with standard 5-year courses. Timetabled teaching events were coded in terms of course year, duration, teaching format, and teaching content. Ten schools used PBL. Teaching times from timetables were validated against two other studies that had assessed GP teaching and lecture, seminar, and tutorial times.\ud \ud Results: \ud A total of 47,258 timetabled teaching events in the academic year 2014/2015 were analysed, including SSCs (student-selected components) and elective studies. A typical UK medical student receives 3960 timetabled hours of teaching during their 5-year course. There was a clear difference between the initial 2 years which mostly contained basic medical science content and the later 3 years which mostly consisted of clinical teaching, although some clinical teaching occurs in the first 2 years. Medical schools differed in duration, format, and content of teaching. Two main factors underlay most of the variation between schools, Traditional vs PBL teaching and Structured vs Unstructured teaching. A curriculum map comparing medical schools was constructed using those factors. PBL schools differed on a number of measures, having more PBL teaching time, fewer lectures, more GP teaching, less surgery, less formal teaching of basic science, and more sessions with unspecified content.\ud \ud Discussion: \ud UK medical schools differ in both format and content of teaching. PBL and non-PBL schools clearly differ, albeit with substantial variation within groups, and overlap in the middle. The important question of whether differences in teaching matter in terms of outcomes is analysed in a companion study (MedDifs) which examines how teaching differences relate to university infrastructure, entry requirements, student perceptions, and outcomes in Foundation Programme and postgraduate training.

Published
2019

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