Search

Interest in bioenergy, in particular the use of biomass, has increased significantly in recent years due to increasing climate and economic concerns. As one of the key renewable energy sources, biomass plays an important role in the new energy framework. The aim of this research was to estimate the mass of woody husks and to check the influence of morphological features of selected hazelnut varieties on the energy parameters of waste biomass in the form of husk. Technical and elemental analyses were carried out on the husks of four varieties: 'Kataloński', 'Olbrzymi z Halle', 'Olga', and 'Webba Cenny', taking into account their weight, moisture content, heat of combustion (HHV and LHV), and pollutant emission factors (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, Dust). Research has shown significant differences between the varieties in terms of their energy potential and pollutant emissions. The varieties 'Olbrzymi z Halle' and 'Olga' were found to have higher calorific values, making them more energy efficient. On the other hand, the varieties 'Kataloński' and 'Webba Cenny' showed lower dust and NOx emissions, which is beneficial from an environmental point of view. The analysis of the chemical and morphological composition of hazelnut husks allowed for the identification of relationships between morphological features and energy value and emission indicators. The conclusions from the conducted research suggest that hazelnut husks have significant potential as an energy raw material. The selection of an appropriate variety for energy crops should take into account both the calorific value and emission indicators, which will allow for the optimization of production processes and the promotion of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presents weight estimation and analysis of the energy and carbon potential of the pericarp cover of four hazelnut varieties. A technical and elementary biofuel analysis was carried out for the biomass studied, as well as a correlation and principal component analysis to demonstrate the influence of individual characteristics on the parameters achieved. In addition, emission factors and the composition and volume of flue gases from the combustion of the material studied were estimated based on stoichiometric equations. The research showed that the highest calorific value (LHV) was characterised by the pericarp cover of the 'Olga' variety (14.86 MJ·kg−1) and the lowest by the 'Kataloński' variety (14.60 MJ·kg−1). In the case of exhaust volume, the highest volume was obtained from the 'Olbrzymi z Halle' variety (250.06 Nm3·kg−1) and the lowest from the 'Kataloński' variety (12.43 Nm3·kg−1). The correlation analysis carried out showed that the HHV and LHV parameters in the covers showed a very strong positive correlation with sulphur content and SO2 emissions, and a moderate correlation with nitrogen content and its associated NOx emissions, indicating their direct influence on the higher calorific value of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated physicochemical properties of bio-waste as a potential biofuel in the form of leaves from 'Regent' grapevines grown on six different rootstocks and a control grown on its own roots for three years of cultivation. An elemental analysis was carried out, determining the content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur in the leaves tested. A technical analysis of the biofuel was also carried out to determine the content of moisture, volatile matter, and ash. The calorimetric method was used to determine the higher heating value for the material. Fixed carbon and oxygen carbon was calculated based on the elemental and technical analyses. The study showed that the type of rootstock and the year of cultivation influence the amount of leaves obtained from the cultivation area. Leaf entrustment per hectare ranged from 1,140,868.02 in rootstock 161-49 to 1,265,286.7 Mg·ha-1 in rootstock SO4. Regardless of the year of the study, shrubs grafted on 125AA rootstock and the control had the highest combustion heat of 17.5 MJ·kg-1 and 17.6 MJ·kg-1 respectively, while 5BB rootstock had the lowest combustion heat (16.4 MJ·kg-1). Statistical analysis showed no significant effect of test year on the elemental and technical parameters evaluated. It was observed that regardless of the evaluated parameter and the type of rootstock in most parameters, the values in 2022 were the highest, while in 2021 they were the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the influence of physicochemical traits on yield depending on the variety and year of cultivation. Four common to Poland grape cultivars, i.e. 'Regent', 'Rondo', 'Seyval Blanc', and 'Solaris', were evaluated by analysing, among others, number of clusters per bush, their weight, number of berries, and the yield per hectare, number of woody shoots, weight of woody shoots, and the diameter of woody shoots. Energy and emission parameters were evaluated by conducting technical evaluation (lower heating value, ash content, volatile matters content, moisture content, fixed carbon) and elemental analysis (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen contents) of one-year, two-year and three-year vine shoots. In addition, emission factors for CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 and dust were estimated. The study showed that there was no significant differences between years under study (2020, 2021 and 2022) and energy and emission parameters. It was observed that the highest LHV (lower heating value) occurred in the 'Regent' cultivar while the lowest level in the 'Rondo' cultivar. As regards energy-emission parameters, a significant influence of cultivar ('Solaris', 'Rondo', 'Seyval Blanc' and 'Regent') was shown on the parameters studied except for nitrogen content and NOx emission index. The interaction of year and cultivar showed no significant differences except for the moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a system for sequential detection of multiple gases using laser-based wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) method combined with a Herriot-type multi-pass cell. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) are retrieved using three distributed feedback laser diodes operating at 1574.5 nm (H2S and CO2), 1651 nm (CH4), and 1531 nm (NH3). Careful adjustment of system parameters allows for H2S sensing at single parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) level with strongly reduced interference from adjacent CO2 transitions even at atmospheric pressure. System characterization in laboratory conditions is presented and the results from initial tests in real-world application are demonstrated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of research on the physicochemical properties of plant biomass consisting of four mint species, these being Mentha × piperita L. var. citrata Ehrh.—'Bergamot', Mentha × rotundifolia L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha crispa L. The research conducted consisted of the technical analysis of biofuels—determining the heat of combustion and the calorific value of the material under study, and the content of ash, volatile compounds, and humidity. In addition, elemental analysis was carried out for the biomass under study by determining the content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The research demonstrated that Mentha × piperita L. var. citrata Ehrh.—'Bergamot' had the highest energy potential with a gross calorific value of 16.96 MJ·kg−1, and a net calorific value of 15.60 MJ·kg−1. Among the tested materials, Mentha × rotundifolia L. had the lowest content of ash at 7.23%, nitrogen at 0.23%, and sulfur at 0.03%, and at the same time had the highest content of volatile fraction at 70.36%. When compared to hard coal, the estimated emission factors indicated a CO reduction of 29–32%, CO2 reduction of 28–31%, NOx reduction of 40–80%, SO2 reduction of 92–98%, and dust reduction of 45–61%, depending on the type of biomass used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]