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5. Assessment of neurological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Author

Luigetti, Marco, Iorio, Raffaele, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Tricoli, Luca, Riso, Vittorio, Marotta, Jessica, Piano, Carla, Primiano, Guido Alessandro, Zileri Del Verme, L., Lo Monaco, Maria Rita, Calabresi, Paolo, Abbate, V., Acampora, N., Addolorato, G., Agostini, F., Ainora, M. E., Akacha, K., Amato, E., Andreani, F., Andriollo, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Annicchiarico, B. E., Antonelli, Massimo, Antonucci, G., Anzellotti, G. M., Armuzzi, A., Baldi, F., Barattucci, I., Barillaro, C., Barone, F., Bellantone, R. D. A., Bellieni, A., Bello, G., Benicchi, A., Benvenuto, F., Berardini, L., Berloco, F., Bernabei, R., Bianchi, A., Biasucci, D. G., Biasucci, L. M., Bibbo, S., Bini, A., Bisanti, A., Biscetti, F., Bocci, M. G., Bonadia, N., Bongiovanni, F., Borghetti, A., Bosco, G., Bosello, Silvia Laura, Bove, V., Bramato, G., Brandi, V., Bruni, T., Bruno, C., Bruno, D., Bungaro, M. C., Buonomo, A., Burzo, L., Calabrese, A., Calvello, M. R., Cambieri, A., Cambise, C., Camma, G., Candelli, M., Canistro, G., Cantanale, A., Capalbo, G., Capaldi, L., Capone, E., Capristo, E., Carbone, L., Cardone, S., Carelli, S., Carfi, A., Carnicelli, A., Caruso, C., Casciaro, F. A., Catalano, L., Cauda, R., Cecchini, A. L., Cerrito, L., Cesarano, M., Chiarito, A., Cianci, Rossella, Cicchinelli, S., Ciccullo, A., Cicetti, M., Ciciarello, F., Cingolani, A., Cipriani, M. C., Consalvo, M. L., Coppola, G., Corbo, G. M., Corsello, A., Costante, F., Costanzi, M., Covino, M., Crupi, D., Cutuli, S. L., D'Addio, S., D'Alessandro, A., D'Alfonso, M. E., D'Angelo, E., D'Aversa, F., Damiano, F., De Berardinis, G. M., De Cunzo, T., De Gaetano, D. K., De Luca, G., De Matteis, G., De Pascale, G., De Santis, P., De Siena, M., De Vito, F., Del Gatto, V., Del Giacomo, P., Del Zompo, F., Dell'Anna, A. M., Della, P. D., Di Gialleonardo, L., Di Giambenedetto, S., Di Luca, R., Di Maurizio, L., Di Muro, M., Dusina, A., Eleuteri, D., Esperide, A., Fachechi, D., Faliero, D., Falsiroli, C., Fantoni, M., Fedele, A., Feliciani, D., Ferrante, C., Ferrone, G., Festa, R., Fiore, M. C., Flex, A., Forte, E., Franceschi, Francesco, Francesconi, A., Franza, L., Funaro, B., Fuorlo, M., Fusco, D., Gabrielli, M., Gaetani, E., Galletta, C., Gallo, A., Gambassi, G., Garcovich, M., Gasbarrini, A., Gasparrini, I., Gelli, S., Giampietro, A., Gigante, L., Giuliano, G., Giupponi, B., Gremese, E., Grieco, Domenico Luca, Guerrera, M., Guglielmi, V., Guidone, C., Gulli, A., Iaconelli, A., Iafrati, A., Ianiro, Gianluca, Iaquinta, A., Impagnatiello, M., Inchingolo, R., Intini, E., Iorio, R., Izzi, I. M., Jovanovic, T., Kadhim, C., La Macchia, R., La Milia, D. I., Landi, F., Landi, G., Landi, R., Landolfi, R., Leo, M., Leone, P. M., Levantesi, L., Liguori, A., Liperoti, R., Lizzio, M. M., Lo Monaco Maria, R., Locantore, P., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, G., Lopetuso, L., Loria, V., Losito, A. R., Lucia, M. B. P., Macagno, F., Macerola, N., Maggi, G., Maiuro, G., Mancarella, F., Mangiola, F., Manno, A., Marchesini, D., Maresca, G. M., Marrone, G., Martis, I., Martone, A. M., Marzetti, Emanuele, Mattana, C., Matteo, M. V., Maviglia, R., Mazzarella, A., Memoli, C., Miele, Luca, Migneco, A., Mignini, I., Milani, A., Milardi, D., Montalto, M., Montemurro, G., Monti, F., Montini, Luca, Morena, T. C., Morra, V., Morretta, C., Moschese, D., Murace, C. A., Murdolo, M., Murri, Rita, Napoli, M., Nardella, E., Natalello, G., Natalini, D., Navarra, S. M., Nesci, A., Nicoletti, A., Nicoletti, R., Nicoletti, T. F., Nicolo, R., Nicolotti, N., Nista, E. C., Nuzzo, E., Oggiano, M., Ojetti, V., Pagano, F. C., Paiano, G., Pais, C., Pallavicini, F., Palombo, A., Paolillo, F., Papa, Alfredo, Papanice, D., Papparella, L. G., Paratore, M., Parrinello, G., Pasciuto, G., Pasculli, P., Pecorini, G., Perniola, S., Pero, E., Petricca, L., Petrucci, M., Picarelli, C., Piccioni, A., Piccolo, A., Piervincenzi, E., Pignataro, G., Pignataro, R., Pintaudi, G., Pisapia, L., Pizzoferrato, M., Pizzolante, F., Pola, R., Policola, C., Pompili, M., Pontecorvi, F., Pontecorvi, V., Ponziani, F., Popolla, V., Porceddu, E., Porfidia, A., Porro, L. M., Potenza, A., Pozzana, F., Privitera, G., Pugliese, D., Pulcini, G., Racco, S., Raffaelli, F., Ramunno, V., Rapaccini, G. L., Richeldi, Luca, Rinninella, Emanuele, Rocchi, S., Romano, B., Romano, S., Rosa, F., Rossi, L., Rossi, R., Rossini, E., Rota, E., Rovedi, F., Rubino, C., Rumi, G., Russo, A., Sabia, L., Salerno, A., Salini, S., Salvatore, L., Samori, D., Sandroni, Claudio, Sanguinetti, M., Santarelli, L., Santini, P., Santolamazza, D., Santoliquido, A., Santopaolo, F., Santoro, M. C., Sardeo, F., Sarnari, C., Saviano, A., Saviano, L., Scaldaferri, Franco, Scarascia, R., Schepis, T., Schiavello, F., Scoppettuolo, G., Sedda, D., Sessa, F., Sestito, L., Settanni, C., Siciliano, M., Siciliano, V., Sicuranza, R., Simeoni, B., Simonetti, J., Smargiassi, A., Soave, P. M., Sonnino, C., Staiti, D., Stella, C., Stella, L., Stival, E., Taddei, E., Talerico, R., Tamburello, E., Tamburrini, E., Tanzarella, E. S., Tarascio, E., Tarli, C., Tersali, A., Tilli, P., Timpano, J., Torelli, E., Torrini, F., Tosato, M., Tosoni, A., Tricoli, L., Tritto, M., Tumbarello, M., Tummolo, A. M., Vallecoccia, M. S., Valletta, F., Varone, F., Vassalli, F., Ventura, G., Verardi, L., Vetrone, L., Vetrugno, G., Visconti, E., Visconti, F., Viviani, A., Zaccaria, R., Zaccone, C., Zelano, L., Zileri Dal Verme, L., Zuccala, G., Luigetti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7539-505X), Iorio R. (ORCID:0000-0002-6270-0956), Bentivoglio A. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9663-095X), Tricoli L., Riso V., Marotta J., Piano C., Primiano G., Lo Monaco M. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1457-7981), Calabresi P. (ORCID:0000-0003-0326-5509), Annetta M. G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), Antonelli M. (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670), Bosello S. (ORCID:0000-0002-4837-447X), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Grieco D. L. (ORCID:0000-0002-4557-6308), Ianiro G. (ORCID:0000-0002-8318-0515), Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Miele L. (ORCID:0000-0003-3464-0068), Montini L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Papa A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4186-7298), Richeldi L. (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Rinninella E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Scaldaferri F. (ORCID:0000-0001-8334-7541), Luigetti, Marco, Iorio, Raffaele, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Tricoli, Luca, Riso, Vittorio, Marotta, Jessica, Piano, Carla, Primiano, Guido Alessandro, Zileri Del Verme, L., Lo Monaco, Maria Rita, Calabresi, Paolo, Abbate, V., Acampora, N., Addolorato, G., Agostini, F., Ainora, M. E., Akacha, K., Amato, E., Andreani, F., Andriollo, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Annicchiarico, B. E., Antonelli, Massimo, Antonucci, G., Anzellotti, G. M., Armuzzi, A., Baldi, F., Barattucci, I., Barillaro, C., Barone, F., Bellantone, R. D. A., Bellieni, A., Bello, G., Benicchi, A., Benvenuto, F., Berardini, L., Berloco, F., Bernabei, R., Bianchi, A., Biasucci, D. G., Biasucci, L. M., Bibbo, S., Bini, A., Bisanti, A., Biscetti, F., Bocci, M. G., Bonadia, N., Bongiovanni, F., Borghetti, A., Bosco, G., Bosello, Silvia Laura, Bove, V., Bramato, G., Brandi, V., Bruni, T., Bruno, C., Bruno, D., Bungaro, M. C., Buonomo, A., Burzo, L., Calabrese, A., Calvello, M. R., Cambieri, A., Cambise, C., Camma, G., Candelli, M., Canistro, G., Cantanale, A., Capalbo, G., Capaldi, L., Capone, E., Capristo, E., Carbone, L., Cardone, S., Carelli, S., Carfi, A., Carnicelli, A., Caruso, C., Casciaro, F. A., Catalano, L., Cauda, R., Cecchini, A. L., Cerrito, L., Cesarano, M., Chiarito, A., Cianci, Rossella, Cicchinelli, S., Ciccullo, A., Cicetti, M., Ciciarello, F., Cingolani, A., Cipriani, M. C., Consalvo, M. L., Coppola, G., Corbo, G. M., Corsello, A., Costante, F., Costanzi, M., Covino, M., Crupi, D., Cutuli, S. L., D'Addio, S., D'Alessandro, A., D'Alfonso, M. E., D'Angelo, E., D'Aversa, F., Damiano, F., De Berardinis, G. M., De Cunzo, T., De Gaetano, D. K., De Luca, G., De Matteis, G., De Pascale, G., De Santis, P., De Siena, M., De Vito, F., Del Gatto, V., Del Giacomo, P., Del Zompo, F., Dell'Anna, A. M., Della, P. D., Di Gialleonardo, L., Di Giambenedetto, S., Di Luca, R., Di Maurizio, L., Di Muro, M., Dusina, A., Eleuteri, D., Esperide, A., Fachechi, D., Faliero, D., Falsiroli, C., Fantoni, M., Fedele, A., Feliciani, D., Ferrante, C., Ferrone, G., Festa, R., Fiore, M. C., Flex, A., Forte, E., Franceschi, Francesco, Francesconi, A., Franza, L., Funaro, B., Fuorlo, M., Fusco, D., Gabrielli, M., Gaetani, E., Galletta, C., Gallo, A., Gambassi, G., Garcovich, M., Gasbarrini, A., Gasparrini, I., Gelli, S., Giampietro, A., Gigante, L., Giuliano, G., Giupponi, B., Gremese, E., Grieco, Domenico Luca, Guerrera, M., Guglielmi, V., Guidone, C., Gulli, A., Iaconelli, A., Iafrati, A., Ianiro, Gianluca, Iaquinta, A., Impagnatiello, M., Inchingolo, R., Intini, E., Iorio, R., Izzi, I. M., Jovanovic, T., Kadhim, C., La Macchia, R., La Milia, D. I., Landi, F., Landi, G., Landi, R., Landolfi, R., Leo, M., Leone, P. M., Levantesi, L., Liguori, A., Liperoti, R., Lizzio, M. M., Lo Monaco Maria, R., Locantore, P., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, G., Lopetuso, L., Loria, V., Losito, A. R., Lucia, M. B. P., Macagno, F., Macerola, N., Maggi, G., Maiuro, G., Mancarella, F., Mangiola, F., Manno, A., Marchesini, D., Maresca, G. M., Marrone, G., Martis, I., Martone, A. M., Marzetti, Emanuele, Mattana, C., Matteo, M. V., Maviglia, R., Mazzarella, A., Memoli, C., Miele, Luca, Migneco, A., Mignini, I., Milani, A., Milardi, D., Montalto, M., Montemurro, G., Monti, F., Montini, Luca, Morena, T. C., Morra, V., Morretta, C., Moschese, D., Murace, C. A., Murdolo, M., Murri, Rita, Napoli, M., Nardella, E., Natalello, G., Natalini, D., Navarra, S. M., Nesci, A., Nicoletti, A., Nicoletti, R., Nicoletti, T. F., Nicolo, R., Nicolotti, N., Nista, E. C., Nuzzo, E., Oggiano, M., Ojetti, V., Pagano, F. C., Paiano, G., Pais, C., Pallavicini, F., Palombo, A., Paolillo, F., Papa, Alfredo, Papanice, D., Papparella, L. G., Paratore, M., Parrinello, G., Pasciuto, G., Pasculli, P., Pecorini, G., Perniola, S., Pero, E., Petricca, L., Petrucci, M., Picarelli, C., Piccioni, A., Piccolo, A., Piervincenzi, E., Pignataro, G., Pignataro, R., Pintaudi, G., Pisapia, L., Pizzoferrato, M., Pizzolante, F., Pola, R., Policola, C., Pompili, M., Pontecorvi, F., Pontecorvi, V., Ponziani, F., Popolla, V., Porceddu, E., Porfidia, A., Porro, L. M., Potenza, A., Pozzana, F., Privitera, G., Pugliese, D., Pulcini, G., Racco, S., Raffaelli, F., Ramunno, V., Rapaccini, G. L., Richeldi, Luca, Rinninella, Emanuele, Rocchi, S., Romano, B., Romano, S., Rosa, F., Rossi, L., Rossi, R., Rossini, E., Rota, E., Rovedi, F., Rubino, C., Rumi, G., Russo, A., Sabia, L., Salerno, A., Salini, S., Salvatore, L., Samori, D., Sandroni, Claudio, Sanguinetti, M., Santarelli, L., Santini, P., Santolamazza, D., Santoliquido, A., Santopaolo, F., Santoro, M. C., Sardeo, F., Sarnari, C., Saviano, A., Saviano, L., Scaldaferri, Franco, Scarascia, R., Schepis, T., Schiavello, F., Scoppettuolo, G., Sedda, D., Sessa, F., Sestito, L., Settanni, C., Siciliano, M., Siciliano, V., Sicuranza, R., Simeoni, B., Simonetti, J., Smargiassi, A., Soave, P. M., Sonnino, C., Staiti, D., Stella, C., Stella, L., Stival, E., Taddei, E., Talerico, R., Tamburello, E., Tamburrini, E., Tanzarella, E. S., Tarascio, E., Tarli, C., Tersali, A., Tilli, P., Timpano, J., Torelli, E., Torrini, F., Tosato, M., Tosoni, A., Tricoli, L., Tritto, M., Tumbarello, M., Tummolo, A. M., Vallecoccia, M. S., Valletta, F., Varone, F., Vassalli, F., Ventura, G., Verardi, L., Vetrone, L., Vetrugno, G., Visconti, E., Visconti, F., Viviani, A., Zaccaria, R., Zaccone, C., Zelano, L., Zileri Dal Verme, L., Zuccala, G., Luigetti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7539-505X), Iorio R. (ORCID:0000-0002-6270-0956), Bentivoglio A. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9663-095X), Tricoli L., Riso V., Marotta J., Piano C., Primiano G., Lo Monaco M. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1457-7981), Calabresi P. (ORCID:0000-0003-0326-5509), Annetta M. G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), Antonelli M. (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670), Bosello S. (ORCID:0000-0002-4837-447X), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Grieco D. L. (ORCID:0000-0002-4557-6308), Ianiro G. (ORCID:0000-0002-8318-0515), Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Miele L. (ORCID:0000-0003-3464-0068), Montini L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Papa A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4186-7298), Richeldi L. (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Rinninella E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9165-2367), Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), and Scaldaferri F. (ORCID:0000-0001-8334-7541)

Abstract

Background and purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the neurological manifestations in a series of consecutive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients, comparing their frequency with a population hospitalized in the same period for flu/respiratory symptoms, finally not related to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Patients with flu/respiratory symptoms admitted to Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli hospital from 14 March 2020 to 20 April 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The frequency of neurological manifestations of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was compared with a control group. Results: In all, 213 patients were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2, after reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on nasal or throat swabs, whilst 218 patients were found to be negative and were used as a control group. Regarding central nervous system manifestations, in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients a higher frequency of headache, hyposmia and encephalopathy always related to systemic conditions (fever or hypoxia) was observed. Furthermore, muscular involvement was more frequent in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 commonly have neurological manifestations but only hyposmia and muscle involvement seem more frequent compared with other flu diseases.

Published
2020

7. Microbiologic and clinical characteristics of biofilm-forming Candida parapsilosis isolates associated with fungaemia and their impact on mortality

Author

Soldini, Silvia, Posteraro, Brunella, Vella, Antonietta, De Carolis, Elena, Borghi, E., Falleni, M., Losito, Angela Raffaella, Maiuro, Giuseppe, Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Tumbarello, Mario, Soldini, S., Posteraro, B. (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Vella, A., De Carolis, E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4757-7256), Losito, A. R., Maiuro, G. (ORCID:0000-0002-4749-9713), Trecarichi, E. M., Sanguinetti, M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Tumbarello, M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Soldini, Silvia, Posteraro, Brunella, Vella, Antonietta, De Carolis, Elena, Borghi, E., Falleni, M., Losito, Angela Raffaella, Maiuro, Giuseppe, Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Tumbarello, Mario, Soldini, S., Posteraro, B. (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Vella, A., De Carolis, E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4757-7256), Losito, A. R., Maiuro, G. (ORCID:0000-0002-4749-9713), Trecarichi, E. M., Sanguinetti, M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), and Tumbarello, M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552)

Abstract

Objectives: Biofilm formation (BF) by fungal isolates may dramatically complicate infection. We determined the ability of Candida parapsilosis isolates from single fungaemia episodes to form biofilms and we analysed biofilm subgroups for antifungal susceptibility and pathogenic potential. We then correlated BF with clinical characteristics and outcomes of the episodes. Methods: BF was measured using the crystal violet biomass assay. Antifungal susceptibility of preformed biofilms was assessed, and virulence was studied using the Galleria mellonella model. A retrospective analysis of patients' clinical records was performed. Results: Of 190 patient-unique isolates, 84, 38 and 68 were identified as having high BF (HBF), moderate BF (MBF) or low BF (LBF), respectively. Among 30 randomly selected isolates, nine (eight HBF and one MBF), six (all HBF) and one (HBF) isolates had elevated sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations to fluconazole, anidulafungin or amphotericin B; all HBF and MBF isolates had elevated voriconazole sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations. G. mellonella killing rates of HBF isolates were significantly greater than MBF (or LBF) isolates (50% vs. 20%, 2 days from infection). By comparing HBF/MBF (106 patients) and LBF (84 patients) groups, we found that HBF/MBF patients had more central venous catheter-related fungaemias (62/106 (58.5%) vs. 29/84 (34.5%), p 0.001) and were more likely to die at 30 days from fungaemia onset (61/106 (57.5%) vs. 28/84 (33.3%), p 0.01). In the HBF/MBF group, azole antifungal therapy and central venous catheter removal were significantly associated with a higher and lower 30-day mortality rate, respectively. Conclusions: C. parapsilosis BF influences the clinical outcome in patients with fungaemia.

Published
2018

8. Infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: differences in therapy and mortality in a multicentre study

Author

Tumbarello, Mario, Trecarichi, Em, De Rosa, Fg, Giannella, M, Giacobbe, Dr, Bassetti, M, Losito, Ar, Bartoletti, M, Del Bono, V, Corcione, S, Maiuro, G, Tedeschi, S, Celani, L, Cardellino, C, Spanu, Teresa, Marchese, A, Ambretti, S, Cauda, Roberto, Viscoli, C, Viale, P., Tumbarello, Mario (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Spanu, T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Tumbarello, Mario, Trecarichi, Em, De Rosa, Fg, Giannella, M, Giacobbe, Dr, Bassetti, M, Losito, Ar, Bartoletti, M, Del Bono, V, Corcione, S, Maiuro, G, Tedeschi, S, Celani, L, Cardellino, C, Spanu, Teresa, Marchese, A, Ambretti, S, Cauda, Roberto, Viscoli, C, Viale, P., Tumbarello, Mario (ORCID:0000-0002-9519-8552), Spanu, T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), and Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229)

Abstract

Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) carbapenemase (KPC)-producing strains of Kp have become a significant threat in recent years. To assess their outcomes and identify risk factors for 14 day mortality, we conducted a 4 year (2010-13) retrospective cohort study in five large Italian teaching hospitals.

Published
2015

11. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in comparison with immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens

Author

Tamburrini, E., primary, Mencarini, P., additional, De Luca, A., additional, Maiuro, G., additional, Ventura, G., additional, Antinori, A., additional, Ammassari, A., additional, Visconti, E., additional, Ortona, L., additional, Siracusano, A., additional, Ortona, E., additional, and Vicari, G., additional

Published
1993
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19. Alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients spontaneously produce elevated levels of TNF-alpha in vitro

Author

Antinori, A., Enrica TAMBURRINI, Pagliari, G., Maiuro, G., Pallavicini, F., Luca, A., and Ortona, L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Macrophage Activation, Middle Aged, Acute Disease, HIV Seropositivity, Macrophages, Alveolar, Humans, Female, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Cells, Cultured
Abstract

In vitro production of TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages was investigated in 15 AIDS patients with acute interstitial pneumonia and in 4 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection (anti-HIV+) and was compared to that observed in 6 patients with chronic pulmonary disease and in 5 normal controls (undergoing a fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected lung malignancy), all 11 HIV negative. Our results show that unstimulated alveolar macrophages of AIDS and anti-HIV+ patients released much more TNF-alpha than subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or healthy controls did: this overproduction may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung damage infection and particularly in AIDS patients.

24. Improved detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Author

Deluca, A., Cingolani, A., Linzalone, A., Ammassari, A., Murri, R., Giancola, M.L., Maiuro, G., and Antinori, A.

Subjects
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive multifocal -- Diagnosis, Cerebrospinal fluid -- Analysis
Abstract

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Journal of Clinical Microbiology, "Several methods to increase the sensitivity of JC virus (JCV) DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [...]

Published
1996

25. A case of tuberculous and Listeria-associated lymphadenitis in a migrant from Mexico.

Author

Sangiorgi F, Magrini E, Leanza GM, Catania F, Carbone A, Losito AR, Maiuro G, Menchinelli G, Palucci I, Graffeo R, Torti C, and Taccari F

Subjects
Humans, Female, Mexico, Middle Aged, Transients and Migrants, Listeria monocytogenes isolation & purification, Coinfection microbiology, Coinfection diagnosis, Lymphadenitis microbiology, Lymphadenitis etiology, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node microbiology, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node drug therapy, Listeriosis diagnosis, Listeriosis microbiology, Listeriosis drug therapy
Abstract

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Lymphadenitis due to Listeria monocytogenes is rarely described. We present a case of a 59-year-old woman from Mexico presented to the Emergency Department with a 2-week history of erythematous and painful swelling in the right retromandibular area. An ultrasound-guided bedside needle aspiration of the lump was performed by an infectious diseases specialist and a diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes and tuberculous coinfection was done. To our knowledge this is the first case of tuberculous and Listeria-associated lymphadenitis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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26. A 67-Year-Old Man with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) on Maintenance Therapy with Ibrutinib with Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Unresponsive to Antiviral Treatments.

Author

Sanmartin F, Magrini E, Rando E, Del Giacomo P, Dusina A, Matteini E, Carbone A, Puma G, Leanza GM, Frondizi F, Innocenti I, Maiuro G, Liotti FM, Santangelo R, Laurenti L, and Cingolani A

Subjects
Humans, Male, Aged, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, SARS-CoV-2, Adenosine Monophosphate analogs & derivatives, Adenosine Monophosphate therapeutic use, Alanine analogs & derivatives, Alanine therapeutic use, Immunocompromised Host, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell drug therapy, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell complications, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenine therapeutic use, COVID-19 diagnosis, Piperidines therapeutic use
Abstract

BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection can persist in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, despite antiviral treatment. This report is of a 67-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, and thrombocytopenia on maintenance therapy with ibrutinib, with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection unresponsive to antiviral treatment, including remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), and tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld). CASE REPORT The patient was admitted to our hospital 3 times. During his first hospitalization, he was treated with 5-day course of remdesivir and intravenous steroids; however, antigen and molecular nasopharyngeal swabs were persistently positive, and he was discharged home. Due to respiratory worsening, he was rehospitalized, and despite being treated initially with tixagevimab/cilgavimab, and subsequently with a remdesivir course of 5 days, SARS-CoV-2 tests remained persistently positive. During his third hospital stay, our patient was subjected to combined therapy with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for 5 days, obtaining a significant reduction of viral load at both antigen and molecular testing. As an ultimate attempt to achieve a negative status before discharge, a 10-day course of combined remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was administered, with a temporary reduction of viral load, followed by a sudden increase immediately after the discontinuation of Paxlovid. Due to worsening hematological disease and bacterial over-infections, the patient gradually worsened until death. CONCLUSIONS This is an emblematic case of correlation between persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunosuppression status in hematological hosts. In these patients, the viral load remains high, favoring the evolution of the virus, and the immunodeficiency makes it difficult to identify the appropriate therapeutic approach.

Published
2024
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27. Cerebrospinal fluid drain infection caused by pandrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis successfully treated with ceftaroline in combination with fosfomycin and vancomycin.

Author

Magrini E, Rando E, Del Giacomo P, Matteini E, Leanza GM, Sanmartin F, Carbone A, Maiuro G, Dusina A, and Cingolani A

Subjects
Humans, Ceftaroline, Vancomycin therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Staphylococcus epidermidis genetics, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Drainage, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Fosfomycin therapeutic use, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy
Abstract

External ventricular drain-related cerebrospinal fluid infection represents a fearsome complication of neurosurgical interventions. Although vancomycin represents the standard of care for methicillin-resistant CoNS healthcare-associated ventriculitis, resistance phenomena have been described. We reported a case of a persistent external ventricular fluid drain infection after device removal by pandrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis successfully treated with intravenous ceftaroline in combination with fosfomycin and vancomycin. No evidence regarding pandrug-resistant S. epidermidis therapy currently exists to our knowledge. In this case, the S. epidermidis phenotype emerged during the therapy course, possibly due to initial device retention, biofilm formation and the host immune impaired response. Despite being poorly studied in vivo, ceftaroline may be considered an option when other alternatives are unavailable, thanks to its described activity against CoNS in vitro. This case extends the experience with ceftaroline for central nervous system infections suggesting it could also be used in high antimicrobial resistance settings for immunocompromised people., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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28. Infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: differences in therapy and mortality in a multicentre study.

Author

Tumbarello M, Trecarichi EM, De Rosa FG, Giannella M, Giacobbe DR, Bassetti M, Losito AR, Bartoletti M, Del Bono V, Corcione S, Maiuro G, Tedeschi S, Celani L, Cardellino CS, Spanu T, Marchese A, Ambretti S, Cauda R, Viscoli C, and Viale P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Female, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Klebsiella Infections epidemiology, Klebsiella Infections microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation & purification, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Klebsiella Infections drug therapy, Klebsiella Infections mortality, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae enzymology, beta-Lactamases metabolism
Abstract

Objectives: Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) carbapenemase (KPC)-producing strains of Kp have become a significant threat in recent years. To assess their outcomes and identify risk factors for 14 day mortality, we conducted a 4 year (2010-13) retrospective cohort study in five large Italian teaching hospitals., Methods: The cohort included 661 adults with bloodstream infections (BSIs; n = 447) or non-bacteraemic infections (lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal structure, urinary tract or other sites) caused by a KPC-Kp isolate. All had received ≥48 h of therapy (empirical and/or non-empirical) with at least one drug to which the isolate was susceptible., Results: Most deaths occurred within 2 weeks of infection onset (14 day mortality: 225/661, 34.1%). Logistic regression analysis identified BSI (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.34-3.29), presentation with septic shock (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.47-4.08), inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.01-2.18), chronic renal failure (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.44-3.58), high APACHE III score (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07) and colistin-resistant isolates (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.37-3.46) as independent predictors of 14 day mortality. Combination therapy with at least two drugs displaying in vitro activity against the isolate was associated with lower mortality (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.77), in particular in patients with BSIs, lung infections or high APACHE III scores and/or septic shock at infection onset. Combinations that included meropenem were associated with significantly higher survival rates when the KPC-Kp isolate had a meropenem MIC of ≤8 mg/L., Conclusions: KPC-Kp infections are associated with high mortality. Treatment with two or more drugs displaying activity against the isolate improves survival, mainly in patients who are critically ill., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2015
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29. Neurocysticercosis: still life in the brain.

Author

Cianfoni A, Cina A, Pravatà E, Della Marca G, Vollono C, Maiuro G, and Colosimo C

Subjects
Adult, Basal Ganglia diagnostic imaging, Basal Ganglia parasitology, Brain parasitology, Headache diagnostic imaging, Headache etiology, Humans, Male, Neurocysticercosis complications, Neurocysticercosis parasitology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain diagnostic imaging, Neurocysticercosis diagnostic imaging
Published
2009
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30. Antituberculosis therapy and imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Author

Sorà F, De Matteis S, Di Mario A, Maiuro G, Laurenti L, Chiusolo P, Ardito F, Leone G, and Sica S

Subjects
Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Benzamides, Female, Humans, Imatinib Mesylate, Middle Aged, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive drug therapy, Piperazines therapeutic use, Pyrimidines therapeutic use
Published
2006
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32. Aerosolized pentamidine, cotrimoxazole and dapsone-pyrimethamine for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Author

Antinori A, Murri R, Ammassari A, De Luca A, Linzalone A, Cingolani A, Damiano F, Maiuro G, Vecchiet J, and Scoppettuolo G

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections drug therapy, Adult, Animals, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Antiprotozoal Agents therapeutic use, Dapsone therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Pentamidine therapeutic use, Pyrimethamine, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination therapeutic use, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Encephalitis drug therapy, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis drug therapy, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of three regimens for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and to evaluate their effect on survival in patients with HIV infection., Design: Randomized, open label, prospective trial., Setting: A single Infectious Diseases Department in Italy., Patients: HIV-infected patients (n = 197) with a CD4 count < 200 x 10(6)/l and without previous PCP or TE., Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive (1) aerosolized pentamidine (AP; 300 mg monthly), (2) cotrimoxazole (CTX; 160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole every other day), or (3) dapsone-pyrimethamine (DP; 100 mg weekly dapsone and 25 mg biweekly pyrimethamine)., Main Outcome Measures: PCP, TE, death, and drug-limiting toxicity. Considering difference in PCP occurrence the trial was interrupted on June 1992. Observation was prolonged until June 1994 for TE and survival., Results: Intention-to-treat analysis yielded PCP rates of 10.2 per 100 person-years in the AP, 2.0 in the CTX, and 32.1 in the DP group [adjusted relative risk of DP versus CTX: 17.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-139.6; P = 0.007]. TE rates in patients with positive Toxoplasma serology were 25.6 per 100 person-years in the AP, 8.9 in the CTX and 9.4 in the DP group. In 'on treatment' analysis, no episode of TE developed in the DP group, and rates were 34.7 per 100 person-years in the AP and 2.5 in the CTX group (AP versus CTX: P = 0.01; AP versus DP: P = 0.004). The adjusted risk of mortality for the DP group was 2.8 times that of the CTX group in the first part of the study (95% CI, 1.1-7.3; P = 0.037), and 1.8 times (95% CI, 1.1-2.9; P = 0.02) in the prolonged follow-up. No significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse reactions was observed between the three treatment groups., Conclusions: Intermittent CTX was more effective than low-dose DP and showed a slight but not significant advantage on AP for primary PCP prophylaxis. DP was associated with a shorter survival. Both CTX and DP resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of TE.

Published
1995
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33. [The diagnosis of lung inflammation in AIDS patients. The use of 99mTc-labelled human polyclonal immunoglobulins and a comparison with 67Ga citrate and high-resolution computed tomography].

Author

Salvatori M, Antoni M, Ventura G, Maiuro G, Pirronti T, Ortona L, Marano P, and Galli G

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adult, Citric Acid, Female, Humans, Lung Abscess diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections diagnostic imaging, Citrates, Contrast Media, Gallium, HIV-1, Immunoglobulins, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnostic imaging, Technetium, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Technetium-99m (99mTc) labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin (HIG) is a new agent for the localization of active inflammatory diseases. The results obtained with HIG in 29 AIDS patients referred for suspected lung infections are reported (Table I). The patients also underwent Gallium-67 citrate scanning (GS), chest radiography (Rx), high-resolution thin-layer computed tomography (HRCT) and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). The study population was classified as follows: 12 patients (Table II) were studied before treatment for suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 7 patients (Table III) had known PCP and were studied during medical therapy, and 10 patients (Table IV) had lung infections other than PCP. In all PCP patients studied before treatment, positive agreement was observed between HIG, Rx and HRCT findings. In 4 patients with final clinical diagnosis of no lung conditions, both nuclear and radiologic imaging were negative. 99mTc-HIG results in the PCP patients studied during therapy were consistent with clinical and radiologic improvement; there was disagreement with 67Ga findings in one case (no. 9). In lung infections other than PCP, HIG studies were often negative (always negative in mycobacteriosis), while they were positive in 3 pyogenic abscesses. In conclusion, as for PCP and abscesses, the results obtained with 99mTc-HIG are usually in agreement with GS findings, while HIG scans seem to be negative in mycobacterial infections. Moreover, HIG scintigraphy seems to be suitable for the evaluation of treatment results in PCP (this subject deserves further research). To assess respiratory impairment a semiquantitative index (ISQ) of 99mTc-HIG lung uptake is suggested, which showed a significant linear correlation with arterial pO2.

Published
1993

34. Alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients spontaneously produce elevated levels of TNF-alpha in vitro.

Author

Antinori A, Tamburrini E, Pagliari G, Maiuro G, Pallavicini F, De Luca A, and Ortona L

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Acute Disease, Adult, Cells, Cultured, Female, HIV Seropositivity immunology, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive immunology, Macrophage Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Fibrosis immunology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology, Macrophages, Alveolar immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
Abstract

In vitro production of TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages was investigated in 15 AIDS patients with acute interstitial pneumonia and in 4 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection (anti-HIV+) and was compared to that observed in 6 patients with chronic pulmonary disease and in 5 normal controls (undergoing a fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected lung malignancy), all 11 HIV negative. Our results show that unstimulated alveolar macrophages of AIDS and anti-HIV+ patients released much more TNF-alpha than subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or healthy controls did: this overproduction may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung damage infection and particularly in AIDS patients.

Published
1992

35. [Absence of liver accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in AIDS. Description of a case].

Author

Salvatori M, Antoni M, Bagnato A, Ventura G, and Maiuro G

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Adult, Citric Acid, Humans, Liver diagnostic imaging, Male, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis complications, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnostic imaging, Radionuclide Imaging, Tissue Distribution, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome metabolism, Citrates pharmacokinetics, Gallium pharmacokinetics, Liver metabolism, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis metabolism
Published
1992

37. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in a community of southern Mozambique.

Author

Mencarini P, De Luca A, Ghirga P, Vichi F, Antinori A, Maiuro G, Noormahomed I, and Tamburrini E

Subjects
Adult, Blotting, Western, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Seropositivity diagnosis, HIV Seropositivity epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mozambique epidemiology, Rural Health, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 immunology
Abstract

We report the results of a study held between 1986 and 1988 on a population constituted by 493 subjects (425 of Mozambican nationality) all living in the camp organized for the building of the dam in Corumana (Sabiè district, Maputo). We found five subjects, all of them from Mozambique, seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies (ELISA and WB) with a prevalence of 1.2%. Four of the positive samples came from female subjects (1.7% of 239 females tested); one positive sample came from a male subject (0.5% of 186 tested).

Published
1991

38. Pneumocystis carinii stimulates in vitro production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human macrophages.

Author

Tamburrini E, De Luca A, Ventura G, Maiuro G, Siracusano A, Ortona E, and Antinori A

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Kinetics, Male, Monocytes immunology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis etiology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis immunology, Macrophages immunology, Pneumocystis immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
Abstract

The ability of Pneumocystis carinii to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release by monocytes/macrophages from immunocompetent humans was investigated. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy individuals produced an increased amount of TNF-alpha when exposed to P. carinii cysts obtained from rats with steroid-induced pneumocystosis. The cysts induced increased TNF-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner; baseline TNF-alpha production was restored after addition of an anti-P. carinii hyperimmune serum. Kinetics experiments showed that the secretion of TNF-alpha occurs early and reaches a maximal peak after 8 h. Since TNF-alpha is directly lethal to P. carinii in vitro, it is suggested that the production of this cytokine in response to the cysts may be one of the mechanisms for the control of this parasitic infection.

Published
1991
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40. 99mTc-human immunoglobulin (HIG) in AIDS patients: first results.

Author

Galli G, Salvatori M, Antoni M, Ortona L, Ventura G, Maiuro G, Pirronti T, and Marano P

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome microbiology, Adult, Citrates, Citric Acid, Female, Humans, Male, Radionuclide Imaging, Immunoglobulins, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection diagnostic imaging, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnostic imaging, Technetium
Abstract

Scintigraphy with 99mTc labelled human polyclonal immunoglobulin was performed in 16 patients with ascertained or suspected AIDS-related infections. 99mTc-HIG lung scanning was compared, in 11 patients, with 67Ga scintigraphy, chest X-ray and high resolution lung CT. 67Ga and 99mTc-HIG were concordantly positive in five cases of BAL-ascertained Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), while one of them was Rx and CT negative. X-ray, 67Ga and 99mTc were concordantly negative in 5 cases. 99mTc-HIG yielded negative results in two cases of Mycobacterium infection, both of which were 67Ga and Rx positive: Mycobacterium avium in diffuse lung involvement and Mycobacterium TBC in excavated infiltrate. 99mTc-HIG was also positive in other 3 AIDS patients: 1 case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, 1 pulmonary abscess (Staphylococcus and Candida), and 1 sacral abscess; it was negative in 1 case of Kaposi sarcoma (also 201Tl negative). In conclusion, 99mTc-HIG scintigraphy in AIDS patients is feasible, and offers some practical advantages (continuous availability, fast response time, etc.). The initial results seem similar to those of 67Ga in lung scanning (and perhaps more specific for PCP).

Published
1991

41. [Macrophages from healthy adults release TNF-alpha after exposure to Pneumocystis carinii of murine origin. Preliminary study].

Author

Tamburrini E, De Luca A, Ventura G, Maiuro G, Siracusano A, Ortona E, and Antinori A

Subjects
Adult, Animals, Humans, Macrophages immunology, Monocytes immunology, Monocytes metabolism, Rats, Macrophages metabolism, Pneumocystis immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
Abstract

The ability of Pneumocystis carinii to induce TNF-alpha release by macrophages from adult healthy humans was investigated. Monocytes and monocytes derived macrophages produced an high amount of TNF-alpha when exposed to P. carinii cysts obtained from rats with steroid induced pneumocystosis. TNF-alpha release was P. carinii specific as shown by the inhibition exerted by the anti-P. carinii hyperimmune serum and it was not mediated by putative traces of endotoxin.

Published
1990

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