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This research discusses the influence or role of religion and culture on students' attitudes in learning science. The mixed method used in this study is a sequential explanatory approach. The sample in this study used the purposive sampling technique and 6474 students were selected. The instruments in this study are attitude questionnaires and in-depth interviews on culture and religion. Data analysis was carried out in the form of descriptive statistical analysis. Then, the qualitative data were analysed in several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of interviews and data collection that has been carried out and the discussion described above, it can be concluded that students' attitudes towards science have relevance to cultural aspects that exist in their daily life environment and students' attitudes towards science also have a close relationship with religious aspects that was adopted them. This result is certainly very positive for the affective and religious development of students which of course has an impact on how they interact with fellow humans in the school environment and others.

This study aimed to determine the influence of critical thinking skills on misconceptions using a five-tier instrument in mixed-method research. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The data collection instrument used a critical thinking skills questionnaire, a misconception test of electric field material, and interviews. Data collection begins with quantitative data, providing a misconception test sheet and a critical thinking skills questionnaire. After that, the researcher took qualitative data in the form of interviews to strengthen data that had been obtained previously. Then from the results of the regression coefficients, there is an influence of critical thinking skills on misconceptions. The descriptive results of critical thinking skills data show that the mean of critical thinking skills is 68.50, which means that students' critical thinking skills are in a good category. Then from the results of the regression coefficients, there is an effect of critical thinking skills on a misconception, with the probability number obtained being significant. The limitations of this study are only to identify and see the impact.

Education in the 21st century was assigned by rapidly increasing advances in information and communication technologies. Integrated learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) was one of the learning trends of the 21st century. A no-test tool has been developed that is used to measure lecturers' perception of the STEM approach. Based on the results of the analysis and data processing, the non-test instruments were reliable and valid. The results of the Cronbach alpha tests were 0.750 for the material, 0.896 for the construct, and 0.778 for the language. This Cronbach alpha number was included in the high-reliability category with a Cronbach alpha number > 0.05. The average validity value of the expert approval for the instrument, on the other hand, rose from 81.5% (good category) to 93% (very good category). Moreover, Cohen's kappa coefficients were 0.038, 0.033, and -0.019. Somehow, this means that there was little agreement between the compared experts. The results showed that the lecturers' perception of the STEM learning approach was predominantly very good. However, the willingness of the lecturers strongly influences the implementation of STEM in their learning.

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted by vegetation and react with other compounds to form ozone and secondary organic matter (OM). In regional air quality models, biogenic emissions are often calculated using a plant functional type approach, which depends on the land use category. However, over cities, the land use is urban, so trees and their emissions are not represented. Here, we develop a bottom-up inventory of urban tree biogenic emissions in which the location of trees and their characteristics are derived from the tree database of the Paris city combined with allometric equations. Biogenic emissions are then computed for each tree based on their leaf dry biomass, tree-species-dependent emission factors, and activity factors representing the effects of light and temperature. Emissions are integrated in WRF-CHIMERE air quality simulations performed over June–July 2022. Over Paris city, the urban tree emissions have a significant impact on OM, inducing an average increase in the OM of about 5 %, reaching 14 % locally during the heatwaves. Ozone concentrations increase by 1.0 % on average and by 2.4 % during heatwaves, with a local increase of up to 6 %. The concentration increase remains spatially localized over Paris, extending to the Paris suburbs in the case of ozone during heatwaves. The inclusion of urban tree emissions improves the estimation of OM concentrations compared to in situ measurements, but they are still underestimated as trees are still missing from the inventory. OM concentrations are sensitive to terpene emissions, highlighting the importance of favoring urban tree species with low-terpene emissions.

Oral delivery of an inexpensive COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccine could dramatically improve immunization rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Previously, we described a potential universal COVID-19 vaccine, rLVS ΔcapB/MN, comprising a replicating bacterial vector, LVS (live vaccine strain) ΔcapB, expressing the highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) membrane and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, which, when administered intradermally or intranasally, protects hamsters from severe COVID-19-like disease after high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge. Here, we show that oral administration of the vaccine also protects against high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge; its protection is comparable to that of intradermal, intranasal, or subcutaneous administration. Hamsters were protected against severe weight loss and lung pathology and had reduced oropharyngeal and lung virus titers. Protection against weight loss and histopathology by the vaccine, which in mice induces splenic and lung cell interferon gamma in response to N protein stimulation, was correlated in hamsters with pre-challenge serum anti-N TH1-biased IgG (IgG2/3). Thus, rLVS ΔcapB/MN has potential as an oral universal COVID-19 vaccine. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage into its fourth year worldwide. To protect the world's population most effectively from severe disease, hospitalization, and death, a vaccine is needed that is resistant to rapidly emerging viral variants of the causative agent SARS-CoV-2, inexpensive to manufacture, store, and transport, and easy to administer. Ideally, such a vaccine would be capable of oral administration, especially in resource-poor countries of the world where there are shortages of needles, syringes and trained personnel to administer injectable vaccines. Here, we show that oral administration of a bacterium-vectored vaccine meeting all these criteria protects naturally susceptible Syrian hamsters from severe COVID-19-like disease, including severe weight loss and lung pathology, after high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge. As the vaccine is based upon inducing immunity to highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 membrane and nucleocapsid proteins, as opposed to the rapidly mutating Spike protein, it should remain resistant to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

This research was conducted on students of two senior high schools in Jambi, Indonesia, where the two schools have almost the same characteristics but apply different cooperative learning models, namely the inquiry learning model and the Jigsaw learning model. The purpose of this study was to assess students' attitudes towards physics through the application of inquiry and Jigsaw cooperative learning models. The number of respondents for the inquiry model was 28 students and Jigsaw 27 students. This study used a mixed-method convergent parallel design to collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data for each group. Quantitative data collection was carried out using the adopted instruments of students' attitudes towards physics, which consisted of 54 items under seven scales. Meanwhile, qualitative data were collected through interviews with eight students from both groups. The results show that students have positive attitudes towards physics, such as attitudes towards investigation in physics, enjoyment in learning physics, adoption of scientific attitudes, and increasing their time for study. Statistical results using the Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference in attitudes in the two groups.

Artificial intelligence tools promise transformative impacts in drug development. Regulatory agencies face challenges in integrating AI while ensuring reliability and safety in clinical trial approvals, drug marketing authorizations, and post-market surveillance. Incorporating these technologies into the existing regulatory framework and agency practices poses notable challenges, particularly in evaluating the data and models employed for these purposes. Rapid adaptation of regulations and internal processes is essential for agencies to keep pace with innovation, though achieving this requires collective stakeholder collaboration. This article thus delves into the need for adaptations of regulations throughout the drug development lifecycle, as well as the utilization of AI within internal processes of medicine agencies.

Abstract High complex stability and longitudinal relaxivity of Gd‐based contrast agents are important requirements for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because they ensure patient safety and contribute to measurement sensitivity. Charged and zwitterionic Gd3+‐complexes of the well‐known chelator 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) provide an excellent basis for the development of safe and sensitive contrast agents. In this report, we describe the synthesis of DOTA‐NOx, a DOTA derivative with four N‐oxide functionalities via “click” functionalization of the tetraazide DOTAZA. The resulting complexes Gd‐DOTA‐NOx and Eu‐DOTA‐NOx are stable compounds in aqueous solution. NMR‐spectroscopic characterization revealed a high excess of the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) coordination geometry over square antiprismatic (SAP). The longitudinal relaxivity of Gd‐DOTA‐NOx was found to be r1=7.7 mm−1 s−1 (1.41 T, 37 °C), an unusually high value for DOTA complexes of comparable weight. We attribute this high relaxivity to the steric influence and an ordering effect on outer sphere water molecules surrounding the complex generated by the strongly hydrated N‐oxide groups. Moreover, Gd‐DOTA‐NOx was found to be stable against transchelation with high excess of EDTA (200 eq) over a period of 36 h, and it has a similar in vitro cell toxicity as clinically used DOTA‐based GBCAs.

Openness is a multifaceted behavioral disposition that encompasses personal, interpersonal, and cultural dimensions. It has been suggested that the interindividual variability in openness as a personality trait is influenced by various environmental and genetic factors, as well as differences in brain functional and structural connectivity patterns along with their various associated cognitive processes. Alterations in degree of openness have been linked to several aspects of health and disease, being impacted by both physical and mental health, substance use, and neurologic conditions. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge describing the neurobiological basis of openness and how individual differences in openness can manifest in brain health and disease.

The desire for novelty and variety in experiences, which may manifest in an inclination to engage with individuals from a diverse range of cultural backgrounds, collectively constitutes the personality dimension known as Openness to Experience. Empirical research has identified a positive correlation between trait openness and various expressions of creativity, such as divergent ideation, innovative problem-solving strategies, and cumulative creative accomplishments. This nexus between openness to interpersonal diversity, as an aspect of the larger personality trait of openness, and creativity has precipitated considerable scholarly interest across the disciplines of personality, social and organizational psychology, and neuroscientific investigation. In this paper, we review the neurobehavioral properties, including the cognitive processes and neural mechanisms, that connect these two constructs. Further, we explore how culture influences levels of openness and creativity in individuals and consider how creativity predisposes individuals toward openness to a plethora of experiences, including those occurring in culturally diverse contexts. This reciprocal entanglement of creativity and openness has been shown to foster a reduction in biases, augment conflict resolution capabilities, and generally yield superior outcomes in multicultural environments.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis dalam pemecahan masalah materi barisan dan deret aritmatika pada siswa introvert di kelas XI SMA Xaverius 1 Kota Jambi. Masalah ini muncul karena perbedaan keterampilan berpikir dan proses berpikir siswa berdasarkan tipe kepribadian, yang awalnya ditemukan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis rendah pada siswa dengan kepribadian introvert. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengumpulkan data angket kepribadian, soal tes, dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian dipilih dari siswa introvert berdasarkan hasil angket kepribadian dan lembar jawaban, dengan tiga siswa yang mewakili keempat kelompok jawaban yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa introvert memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dalam memahami masalah, merencanakan, dan melaksanakan rencana. Namun, mereka cenderung kurang memeriksa kembali solusi mereka. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis pada siswa introvert terutama mencakup fluency dan flexibility dalam memahami masalah, merencanakan, dan melaksanakan rencana, tetapi kurang dalam hal originality dan elaboration dalam pemecahan masalah. This research aims to analyze critical and creative mathematical thinking skills in solving problems regarding sequences and arithmetic series in introverted students in class XI SMA Xaverius 1 Jambi City. This problem arises because of differences in students' thinking skills and thought processes based on personality type, which was initially found that critical and creative mathematical thinking abilities were low in students with introverted personalities. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting personality questionnaire data, test questions and interviews. The research subjects were selected from introverted students based on the results of a personality questionnaire and answer sheet, with three students representing the four answer groups. The research results show that introverted students have mathematical critical thinking skills in understanding problems, planning and implementing plans. However, they tend to check their solutions less. Mathematical creative thinking abilities in introverted students mainly include fluency and flexibility in understanding problems, planning and implementing plans, but lacking in terms of originality and elaboration in problem solving.

AbstractIn the field of modern education, the meteoric rise in distance learning in higher education has brought unprecedented convenience and accessibility. Yet, beneath the surface of this educational revolution lies the issues of academic stress and burnout among students, particularly distance education students. Therefore, this study examined academic stress and burnout among distance education students at the University of Education, Winneba, Cape Coast Study Center. A quantitative approach was adopted in this study, employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. In total, 231 students were selected for this study. The Academic Stress Inventory and Academic Burnout Inventory were adapted as the data collection instruments for this study. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Two-way MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. This study revealed that distance education students had moderate levels of academic stress and burnout. Additionally, there were no significant gender differences in academic stress and burnout. Conversely, the study discovered significant differences in academic stress, personal burnout, and studies-related burnout based on programme of study. In addition, it was revealed that the interaction effect of gender and programme of study had no significant influence on distance education students’ academic stress and burnout. Consequently, it was recommended that educational institutions should consider creating support programmes tailored specifically for distance education students. These programmes can offer guidance on stress management techniques, time management skills, and resources to help students cope with the demands of their programme.

ABSTRACTClostridioides difficile (C. difficile), a gram-positive anaerobic and spore-forming bacterium, is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults which is characterized by high levels of recurrence and mortality. Surface (S)-layer Protein A (SlpA), the most abundantly expressed protein on the bacterial surface, plays a crucial role in the early stages of infection although the nature of its involvement in C. difficile physiology is yet to be fully understood. Anti-S-layer antibodies have been identified in the sera of convalescent patients and have been correlated with improved outcomes of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the precise mechanisms by which anti-S-layer antibodies confer protection to the host remain unknown. In this study, we report the first monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the S-layer of reference strain 630. Characterization of these mAbs unraveled important roles for the S-layer protein in growth, toxin secretion, and biofilm formation by C. difficile, with differential and even opposite effects of various anti-SlpA mAbs on these functions. Moreover, one anti-SlpA mAb impaired C. difficile growth and conferred sensitivity to lysozyme-induced lysis. The results of this study show that anti-S-layer antibody responses can be beneficial or harmful for the course of CDI and provide important insights for the development of adequate S-layer-targeting therapeutics.

This article discusses the contributions of different worldviews to the debates on what a transformative sustainability education could be. It focuses on mainstream and alternative strands of thought present in the West, as well as Indigenous worldviews, taking the Zapatistas as an example. The Zapatista social movement of Mexico fights for the autonomy of Mayan communities and the preservation of their culture, social organization and relationship to nature, all of which centers on traditional Mayan cosmovision. To secure the survival of the culture and of the movement itself, these ecological values are included in the education system. The Zapatistas remind us that it is possible to rethink the world and the ideologies underlying the discourses on sustainability and suggest that taking a stand and organize politically should be at the center of an education for sustainability that aims at being transformative.

Background: International service trips are increasingly common in medical school curricula. Medical Spanish is an essential tool in healthcare interactions with Spanish-speaking patients globally. Medical Spanish classes are offered at many medical schools, but it is not known whether they increase confidence for medical students on Spanish-speaking service trips. Methods: A prospective cohort study of medical students attending one of two sister campuses who completed pre- and post-international medical service trip questionnaires. Data collected includes demographics, confidence, and perceived experiences. Data analyses involved a multivariable regression assuming an ordered multinomial response, FREQ procedure, and the GLIMMIX procedure on SAS STAT v.9.4. Results: Demographics significantly associated with confidence categories are female sex, length of Spanish education, previously having lived in a Spanish country, and experience speaking Spanish with patients. Confidence communicating in Spanish shows the highest gain in significant categories post-trip while confidence working with interpreters and feeling adequately trained to treat Hispanics showed the lowest. Participants having taken Medical Spanish before did not improve their confidence. However, participants with prior Medical Spanish experience reported significantly higher benefit from this education in that it gave them an advantage and helped them connect better with patients. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the importance of language-concordance and confidence in patient interactions while demonstrating that prior Medical Spanish experience may not significantly improve confidence on a Spanish-speaking international trip, especially among non-fluent students. Spanish experience and proficiency should not be a deterring factor for students looking to go on a medical trip.

Ketidakmampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam memecahkan masalah aljabar tercermin dari siswa yang sering mengandalkan rumus tanpa pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep dasar aljabar. Siswa kesulitan menganalisis masalah dan menemukan strategi yang tepat sebelum menyelesaikannya, serta cenderung terpaku pada satu pendekatan solusi tanpa mengeksplorasi alternatif solusi secara kritis. Berpikir kritis menjadi keterampilan penting dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21 untuk menemukan kebenaran dan membuat keputusan yang tepat. Berpikir kritis diukur melalui indikator Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity, dan Overview. Guru perlu memahami siswa dan menyesuaikan metode pengajaran dengan gaya belajar siswa, seperti yang digolongkan oleh Porter dalam tiga tipe gaya belajar: visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Penelitian ini melihat lebih lanjut berpikir kritis siswa dalam memecahkan masalah aljabar ditinjau dari gaya belajar, menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan purposive sampling. Berdasarkan angket gaya belajar yang diberikan menunjukkan bahwa 61,11% siswa XI IPA MAN 2 Kota Jambi memiliki gaya belajar visual. Subjek dengan gaya belajar visual kemudian diberikan tes berpikir kritis dalam pemecahan masalah aljabar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, mengindikasikan kesulitan siswa berpikir secara kritis dalam memecahkan masalah matematika secara mendalam.

The student's self-regulation and motivation are essential for students to study. Especially with 21st-century learning students are required to be more active in learning than teachers. This Mixed Methods research aimed to determine the influence between the students' self-regulation with the motivation of students learning. The sample size was 534 students from Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Jambi city, Indonesia determined by total sampling technique. Data were then analyzed with the SPSS 21 application to find descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics using simple regression and for comparison using the independent sample T-Test. The results of this research are dominant in both self-regulation and student motivation in learning, which is strengthened by the relationship and influence between self-regulation and the motivation of students in learning. It is seen from the value of sig = 0.019 and has a contribution of 70.3%. According to the results, it is recommended that students need to be given the opportunity to conduct learning directly and teachers must perform innovative learning.

Abstract Tinnitus, reduced sound-level tolerance, and difficulties hearing in noisy environments are the most common complaints associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult populations. This study aims to clarify if cochlear neural degeneration estimated in a large pool of participants with normal audiograms is associated with self-report of tinnitus using a test battery probing the different stages of the auditory processing from hair cell responses to the auditory reflexes of the brainstem. Self-report of chronic tinnitus was significantly associated with (1) reduced cochlear nerve responses, (2) weaker middle-ear muscle reflexes, (3) stronger medial olivocochlear efferent reflexes and (4) hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways. These results support the model of tinnitus generation whereby decreased neural activity from a damaged cochlea can elicit hyperactivity from decreased inhibition in the central nervous system.

Abstract Studies have suggested that cancerous tissue has a lower 15N/14N ratio than benign tissue. However, human data have been inconclusive, possibly due to constraints on experimental design. Here, we used high-sensitivity nitrogen isotope methods to assess the 15N/14N ratio of human breast, lung, and kidney cancer tissue at unprecedented spatial resolution. In lung, breast, and urothelial carcinoma, 15N/14N was negatively correlated with tumor cell density. The magnitude of 15N depletion for a given tumor cell density was consistent across different types of lung cancer, ductal in situ and invasive breast carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma, suggesting similar elevations in the anabolism-to-catabolism ratio. However, tumor 15N depletion was higher in a more aggressive metaplastic breast carcinoma. These findings may indicate the ability of certain cancers to more effectively channel N towards growth. Our results support 15N/14N analysis as a potential tool for screening biopsies and assessing N metabolism in tumor cells.

The teacher has an important role in realizing quality learning. Qualified teachers are shown with good competence. Teacher competency can be improved through teacher understanding of non-constructivism knowledge in mathematics learning. Teachers can integrate cultural values and local wisdom into mathematical concepts to shape student knowledge. Integrating cultural values and local wisdom into mathematics learning makes students learn through their cultural background experiences. This research was a descriptive research employed 691 respondents. The instruments in this study were questionnaires, tests and interviews to reinforce quantitative results. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of teacher pedagogical knowledge, teacher ethnoconstructivism knowledge, the influence and impact of ethnoconstivism knowledge in mathematics learning. The results of this study indicate the competence of elementary school teachers in Batanghari, Muaro Jambi, and Jambi City tends to be generally not good, and teachers have applied ethno-constructivism in mathematics learning through the use of media, models, and learning strategy. Teachers still encounter many obstacles in the implementation process. And the age range of the teacher has an impact on the level of ethnoconstructivism knowledge in mathematics learning.

The attitude of students during the learning process is essential to be known by an educator to understand how to deal with students in the class. This study aims to determine how students 'attitudes towards science subjects and this study also aim to determine whether there is a comparison of students' attitudes towards natural science subjects in junior high schools in Indonesia. This research was conducted at some state junior high schools in Jambi. Specifically, the research sites were Junior High School 5, Junior High School 6, and Junior High School 26 in Jambi. The research design used in this study was a quantitative approach with survey methods. The research instrument was a science attitude questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that students' attitudes toward science subjects based on indicators of adoption of scientific attitudes, fun in learning science, and interest in increasing the time to study science were in good categories and also there are significant differences of students' attitude towards science subjects in the three schools with a comparison value of 0.042 < 0.05.

Populations in urban areas are exposed to high local concentrations of pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, because of unfavourable dispersion conditions and the proximity to traffic. To simulate these concentrations over cities, models like the street-network model MUNICH (Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways) rely on parameterizations to represent the air flow and the concentrations of pollutants in streets. In the current version, MUNICH v2.0, concentrations are assumed to be homogeneous in each street segment. A new version of MUNICH, where the street volume is discretized, is developed to represent the street gradients and to better estimate peoples' exposure. Three vertical levels are defined in each street segment. A horizontal discretization is also introduced under specific conditions by considering two zones with a parameterization taken from the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). Simulations are performed over two districts of Copenhagen, Denmark, and one district of greater Paris, France. Results show an improvement in the comparison to observations, with higher concentrations at the bottom of the street, closer to traffic, of pollutants emitted by traffic (NOx, black carbon, organic matter). These increases reach up to 60 % for NO2 and 30 % for PM10 in comparison to MUNICH v2.0. The aspect ratio (ratio between building height and street width) influences the extent of the increase of the first-level concentrations compared to the average of the street. The increase is higher for wide streets (low aspect ratio and often higher traffic) by up to 53 % for NOx and 18 % for PM10. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with regard to the influence of the street network highlights the importance of using the model MUNICH with a network rather than with a single street.

The aim of this study was to assess how basic school teachers' job satisfaction relates to their productivity in the Asante Akim South District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The descriptive design was employed in conducting the study. The population covered all the Basic School teachers in the Asante Akim South District. The sample size was 217, made up of 179 males and 38 females. A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data analysis was done, using frequency and percentage counts as well as the Pearson Product Moment correlation. Key findings of the study indicated that majority (71.9%) of the respondents perceived that the government's District Best Teacher award scheme only motivates a few teachers at the expense of the majority of teachers. Teachers' level of job satisfaction shows a strong positive correlation with teacher productivity (r = 0.870, p = 0.020). In order to enhance teacher job satisfaction and productivity, it was recommended that the District Best Teacher award scheme should be made to cover at least 20% of teachers in the district instead of an individual so that majority of them would not feel unmotivated, neglected and unrecognized. Government should make teacher promotions and salaries relatively equitable and competitive with that of workers in other analogous institutions in the country in order to enhance their job satisfaction and productivity.

Studies of correlations between students' beliefs and various aspects of student learning become one of the fastest growing research areas in the field of education and psychology. The aim of the current research was to analyze the correlations between learning environments, students' beliefs, and self-regulation in learning physics through structural equation modeling (SEM). There were 1010 students from the existing five public high schools in Jambi city, Indonesia, participating in the research. Three self-report questionnaires including (1) WIHIC, (2) CLASS, and (3) MSLQ were used to collect the research data. The data analysis showed that students' beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with multiple dimension of self-regulation in learning physics (critical thinking and peer learning); while the dimension of sense-making and problem-solving ability significantly related to the affective component of self-regulation (test anxiety). However, the dimension of students' beliefs did not have any significant effect on all of the self-regulation components. Additionally, learning environment dimensions were significantly related to students' beliefs about physics on the dimension of conceptual connection and related to all of the self-regulation dimensions.

This study aimed at exploring a structural equation model on the relationship between pre-service science teachers' beliefs and self-regulation strategies of studying physics. The sample of the study consisted of 248 pre-service science teachers drawn from department of physics education at one state university and one state Islamic university in Jambi, Indonesia. The Colorado learning attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) was used to measure their beliefs of physics and physics learning. Furthermore, motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) was also deployed to measure their self-regulation strategies on studying physics. Variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM with PLS) showed that sophisticated beliefs were positively correlated to the use of elaboration, organization, and metacognitive strategies whilst naïve beliefs were positively correlated with the use of rehearsal and elaboration methods. This study provides insightful implications for educators, especially lecturers, on how to plan, design, and practice the appropriate and effective pedagogical strategies to replace naïve beliefs with sophisticated ones, and to enhance the use of self-regulated strategies in studying physics.

Abstract Background In Southeast Asia, pharmacies are critical sources of healthcare advice for under-served communities, including those with/at risk of diabetes. Aim Explore knowledge/practices relating to diabetes and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) among pharmacy professionals in Cambodia and Viet Nam, using digital professional education to address gaps. Methods An online survey was distributed to pharmacy professionals in Cambodia and Viet Nam registered on SwipeRx mobile application. Eligible participants dispensed medicines and/or were involved in purchasing products, and worked at retail pharmacies stocking ≥ 1 BGM product. An accredited continuing professional development module was then made available to pharmacy professionals and students on SwipeRx in both countries. After completing the 1–2 h module, users were required to correctly answer ≥ 60% (Cambodia) or ≥ 70% (Viet Nam) of knowledge assessment questions to achieve accreditation units from local partners. Results Whereas 33% of survey respondents in Cambodia (N = 386) and 63% in Viet Nam (N = 375) reported performing blood glucose testing at the pharmacy, only 19% and 14% were aware that clients taking multiple daily doses of insulin should check blood glucose levels several times a day. Of 1,137 and 399 pharmacy professionals/students who completed the module and passed the assessment in Cambodia and Viet Nam, 1,124 (99%) and 376 (94%) received accreditation. Knowledge levels improved substantially in 10 of 14 learning areas in Cambodia and 6 of 10 in Viet Nam. Conclusions Digital education can strengthen pharmacy professional capacity to provide comprehensive and accurate information on diabetes management and the awareness of quality BGM products in Southeast Asia.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trehalose oral spray to relieve radiation-induced xerostomia on a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods Prior to RCT, the effect of trehalose (5–20%) on the epithelial growth of fetal mouse salivary gland (SG) explants was evaluated to confirm if 10% trehalose exerted the best epithelial outcomes. Participants who completed radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment were enrolled in a double-blind RCT, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the CONSORT statement. The experimental group (n = 35) received 10% trehalose spray, while the control group (n = 35) received carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) spray to apply intra-orally 4 times/day for 14 days. Salivary pH and unstimulated salivary flow rate were recorded pre- and post-interventions. The Xerostomia-related Quality of Life scale (XeQoLs) was filled, and scores assessed post-interventions. Results In the SG explant model, pro-acinar epithelial growth and mitosis was supported by 10% topical trehalose. As for RCT outcomes, salivary pH and unstimulated salivary flow rate were significantly improved after use of 10% trehalose spray when compared to CMC (p 0.05). When comparing between CMC and trehalose sprays, XeQoLs total scores were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Conclusions The 10% trehalose spray improved salivary pH, unstimulated salivary flow rate, and the quality-of-life dimensions linked with physical, pain/discomfort, and psychological signs. The clinical efficacy of 10% trehalose spray was equivalent with CMC-based saliva substitutes for relieving radiation-induced xerostomia; therefore, trehalose may be suggested in alternative to CMC-based oral spray.(Thai Clinical Trials Registry; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/ TCTR20190817004).