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Description of the subject. Dietary fiber is largely used in pig production but some contradictions appear in the literature regarding the effects on performance and health. Objectives. This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the effects of a diet rich in sugar beet pulp on animal behavior, growth performance, carcass quality and gut health of fattening pigs. Method. Two successive batches of 24 fattening pigs were each divided into two groups fed ad libitum either a standard diet based on cereals (STD, 19% NSP [non-starch-polysaccharides]) or a fibrous diet based on 23% sugar beet pulp (HFD, 31% NSP). Results. Pigs activity rate and feeder occupancy duration were increased by 57% and 165% for group fed HFD, respectively (P < 0.05). The fecal bacteria counts showed increases with HFD for Lactobacillus (10.21 vs 9.84 log10 of cfu·g-1 of feces dry matter, P < 0.05) and Bifidobacterium (9.49 vs 8.88, P < 0.01) but decreases for Enterobacteriaceae (4.85 vs 5.97, P < 0.001). Reductions of the average daily gain (788 vs 876 g per day, P < 0.001) and the dressing percentage (75.7 vs 78.9%, P < 0.001) were observed with HFD. Gastric lesion score was decreased with HFD (0.82 vs 1.55, P < 0.05). For pigs fed HFD, the proportion of surface area occupied by goblet cells was increased in the jejunum (10.06 vs 7.99%, P < 0.01) and the number of CD3 lymphocytes was increased in the colon (1.24 vs 0.90·mm-², P < 0.05). Conclusions. HFD contributes to strengthen the gut health of fattening pigs, but it impairs growth performance and carcass traits.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the level of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolates in freshwaters and hospital effluents in Belgium. The samples were collected from 24 locations along the Ourthe, Vesdre, Amblève and Meuse rivers and in the wastewater effluents of several hospitals. The sampling stations in rivers were classified according to the dominant land covers of the rivers (rural, urban and forest areas). Two sampling campaigns were organized in May and October 2019 to highlight a possible seasonal effect. A total of 938 E. coli strains were isolated on Chromogenic Selective Tryptone Bile X‐glucuronide (TBX) and TBX supplemented with amoxicillin (TBX+AMX) media. Disk diffusion assays were performed following the EUCAST's recommendations to assess the antimicrobial resistance against 12 antibiotics. A total of 32·7% of strains were at least resistant to one antibiotic and 24·6% were multiple antimicrobial resistant strains on TBX. The highest resistance rates were found for ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin coupled with clavulanic acid (AMC) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT). The lowest resistance rates were observed for meropenem (MEM) and ertapenem (ETP), which are last resort antibiotics. No significant difference was observed between both campaigns for the resistance rate to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens responsible for global outbreaks. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 'gang of five' STEC serogroups (O26, O103, O111, O145, O157) on Belgian dairy cattle farms by overshoe (OVS) sampling, and to evaluate the presence of virulence genes in the obtained isolates. A total of 88 OVS, collected from the pen beddings of 19 Belgian dairy cattle farms, were selectively enriched in mTSBn, followed by immunomagnetic separation and plating onto CT‐SMAC for O157 STEC isolation, as well as in Brila broth, followed by a selective acid treatment and plating onto CHROMagarTM STEC and chromIDTM EHEC for non‐O157 STEC isolation. Overall, 11 of 19 farms (58%) tested positive for presence of 'gang of five' STEC. O26 STEC was most frequently isolated from OVS (11/88; 12·5%), followed by O157 (10/88; 11·5%), O145 (3/88; 3·5%) and O103 (3/88; 3·5%). Additionally, 35% of the OVS collected from pens housing young cattle 1–24 months of age tested positive for 'gang of five' STEC, indicating that this age category is more likely to harbour STEC compared to new‐born and adult cattle. Importantly, half of the obtained 'gang of five' STEC isolates (48%) possessed the eae and stx2 gene, suggesting a high pathogenic potential to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this survey was to estimate the respective prevalence of the ‘gang of seven’ and ‘non‐gang of seven’ serotypes of Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and to identify the O80:H2 serotype in 245 intestinal contents collected at two slaughterhouses in Belgium in 2014. Methods and Results: After overnight enrichment growth, the 69 intestinal contents testing positive with PCR targeting the eae, stx1 and stx2 genes were inoculated onto four agar media. Of the 2542 colonies picked up, 677 from 59 samples were PCR confirmed. The most frequent virulotypes were eae+ in 47 (80%) samples, stx2+ in 20 (34%) samples and eae+ stx1+ in 16 (27%) samples. PCR‐positive colonies belonged to different virulotypes in 36 samples. No colony was O80‐positive, whereas two eae+ colonies from two samples were O26:H11, 50 eae+ stx1+ and eae+ from eight samples were O103:H2 and two eae+ stx1+ stx2+ colonies from one sample were O157:H7. Conclusions: The ‘non‐gang of seven’ serotypes are more frequent than the ‘gang of seven’ serotypes and the O80:H2 serotype was not detected among Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestines of cattle at these two slaughterhouses. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although the identification protocols of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli focus on the ‘gang of seven’ serotypes, several other serotypes can be present with possible importance in public health. Innovative selective identification procedures should be designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]