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Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agatha Christie’s literary heritage is studied from the point of view of various communication devices use, which are abundantly mentioned in the author’s works. Within the framework of a single work, heroes frequently use several devices to exchange information, which is associated with the development of science and technology in A. Christie’s era. Telephone, postal service, radio are used as evidence to introduce the situation to a reader, to intensify the plot. In a number of works they form the “core” of the intrigue. When developing crime schemes for her works, the writer resorted to techniques from the “arsenal” of radio shows. The author of the paper was the first to point out the intersection of A. Christie’s plots with the creativity of the mystical writer Edward Frederic Benson. Along with several other authors, A. Christie anticipated discussions about the “electronic voice phenomenon”, debates on which began in the second half of the 20th century. The article raises the idea of the inevitability of punishment: trying to use communication tools in their own interests, criminals find themselves exposed by them.

Many historians, journalists, and media mavens have traced the genealogy of Victorian communications networks backward, beginning with radio after World War I and continuing with personal computing in the 1980s and ending with the internet today. This impulse has accelerated with the rise of electronic commerce, social media, and virtual reality. This essay proposes a different agenda. Drawing on recent historical writing on mythmaking, materiality, and political economy and illustrated with case studies from Europe, North America, Asia, and North Africa, it reenvisions the history of new media by telling the story of Victorian communications networks in relation to the issues of their day, not ours. The essay spans five networks in the period between 1830 and 1914: the landline telegraph, the undersea cable, the telephone, the wireless telegraph, and the mail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has a direct impact on the social, economic, political, and other segments of society through a large number of lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. The largest postal and logistics companies as an integral part of the supply chain have been directly affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. Disruption in the supply chain significantly affects the movement of goods and the economic development of countries. This paper investigates the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the logistics sector, with special emphasis on public postal operators (PPO) in some countries of the Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia). The paper analyzes the movement of express shipments in domestic transport, as well as imports and exports for 2020. There is almost no research on the implications of the covid-19 pandemic on the postal and logistics sectors of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia. The aim of this research is to understand the impact of the pandemic on this sector.

Copyright of Revista Română de Drept al Afacerilor is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines the poetic implications in the epistle of Rasf Al Farid on Wasf Albarid by exploring the poetics of the title, structural and semantic displacement, and intertextuality as represented in poetry, religion, and folklore. The paper further focuses on the poetics of rhythm and music through the use of such lexical decorations as alliteration, assonance, and parallelism which is produced from acoustic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BMS: Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique (Sage Publications Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The aim of the article is to analyze the characteristics of the functioning of and competitive situation in the postal market of Ukraine as well as the ways of its development. The analysis of the current state of the postal market in Ukraine has shown the dynamic development and intensification of the competition, in particular due to the rapid development of e-commerce. The growth in the volume of sold services in the field of telecommunications and postal services in Ukraine is stated. The analysis of the main competitors in the market – OJSC Ukrposhta, which is the national postal service operator, and LLC Nova Poshta showed the dominance of the latter. The main competitive disadvantages of OJSC Ukrposhta in the context of postal infrastructure, logistic routes, level of service, etc., are highlighted. A number of measures are proposed to speed up the development of OJSC Ukrposhta: fleet updating to shorten the delivery of goods; automation of the workflow to improve the quality / speed of provision of adjustment services; cooperation with global Internet portals to increase the volume of deliveries, etc. In general, the analysis showed that despite the dynamic development of the postal services market it needs effective strategic solutions, without which it will be difficult to intensify its activities on a global scale and to observe the country’s European integration course.

Background: Several studies have shown that phone calls are an effective but resource-intensive follow-up (FU) method to collect patient reported data (PROM) after discharge from hospital. No studies regarding FU methods are available for patients treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). We wanted to examine the recent practice and resource needs for telephone contact. Method: In a 4-month period, we called 167 patients scheduled for RFA of AF on their mobile telephones. We registered the number of attempts needed to reach patients (maximum 3 times). In addition to medical issues, 70 of the patients were asked how they would like to answer FU questions after RFA. Results: Of the 167 patients, we received 96 responses (57%) on the first dialling attempt, 35 responses (21.%) on the second dialling attempt and no responses (n=36) on the third dialling attempt (22%). Of the 167 patients, 131 (78.4%) responded. Of these 167 patients, 135 were men. Regarding patient preference for FU, 50 (71.4%) favoured a questionnaire with a stamped return envelope. Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required. Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand how obtaining a medication abortion by mail with telemedicine counseling versus traditional in-clinic care impacted participants' access to care.Study Design: We conducted a qualitative study with semi-structured telephone interviews with individuals who completed a medication abortion by mail through the TelAbortion study. We asked participants how they learned about telemedicine abortion, reasons for choosing it, what their alternative would have been, and about their experience. We transcribed, coded, and performed qualitative content analysis of the interviews and are presenting a subset of themes related to access to care when the restrictions on clinic dispensing of mifepristone are removed.Results: We interviewed 45 people from January to July 2020. Direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion was more convenient and accessible than in-clinic abortion care when considering the burdens of travel, clinic availability, logistics, and cost that were associated with in-clinic abortion. Stigma led to a prioritization of privacy, and by going to a clinic, participants feared a loss of privacy whereas obtaining a medication abortion by mail made it easier to maintain confidentiality. Faced with these barriers, 13% of participants stated they would have continued their pregnancy if TelAbortion had not been an option. Participants found direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion to be acceptable and recommended it to others. Benefits of telemedicine were amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic due to concerns around infection exposure with in-clinic care.Conclusion: Going to a clinic was a burden for participants, to the point where some would not have otherwise been able to get an abortion. Medication abortion by mail with telemedicine counseling was a highly acceptable alternative.Implications: Medication abortion by mail can increase access to abortion with the added benefits of increased perceived privacy and decreased logistical burdens. Removing the in-person dispensing requirement for mifepristone would allow direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion to be implemented outside of a research setting without compromising the patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present updated evidence on the safety, efficacy and acceptability of a direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion service and describe how the service functioned during the COVID-19 pandemic.Study Design: We offered the study at 10 sites that provided the service in 13 states and Washington DC. Interested individuals obtained any needed preabortion tests locally and had a videoconference with a study clinician. Sites sent study packages containing mifepristone and misoprostol by mail and had remote follow-up consultations within one month by telephone (or by online survey, if the participant could not be reached) to evaluate abortion completeness. The analysis was descriptive.Results: We mailed 1390 packages between May 2016 and September 2020. Of the 83% (1157/1390) of abortions for which we obtained outcome information, 95% (1103/1157) were completed without a procedure. Participants made 70 unplanned visits to emergency rooms or urgent care centers for reasons related to the abortion (6%), and 10 serious adverse events occurred, including 5 transfusions (0.4%). Enrollment increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Although a screening ultrasound was required, sites determined in 52% (346/669) of abortions that occurred during COVID that those participants should not get the test to protect their health. Use of urine pregnancy test to confirm abortion completion increased from 67% (144/214) in the 6 months prior to COVID to 90% (602/669) in the 6 months during COVID. Nearly all satisfaction questionnaires (99%, 1013/1022) recorded that participants were satisfied with the service.Conclusions: This direct-to-patient telemedicine service was safe, effective, and acceptable, and supports the claim that there is no medical reason for mifepristone to be dispensed in clinics as required by the Food and Drug Administration. In some cases, participants did not need to visit any facilities to obtain the service, which was critical to protecting patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Implications: Medical abortion using telemedicine and mail is effective and can be safely provided without a pretreatment ultrasound. This method of service delivery has the potential to greatly improve access to abortion care in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Terahertz radiation has many unique characteristics that make it useful for noninvasive mail inspection. While qualitative analysis of mail for suspicious objects is a relatively instantaneous process, quantitative analysis methods may be time-consuming. Multivariate analysis methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), and interval partial least squares (iPLS), were used for quantitative model building and to predict the content of substances in mail. The optimal spectral interval was selected by analyzing the influence of different spectral regions on the predicted results. A specific interval partial least squares (SiPLS) model was established to improve prediction accuracy and reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) by an order of magnitude. The content of dangerous substances was calculated using SiPLS, established by referencing spectral data of pure substances. Our methods demonstrated that establishing a multiple regression model based on spectral data of pure substances could predict the content of dangerous substances in mail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Code clones are frequent in use because they can be created fast with little effort and expense. Especially for malware writers, it is easier to create a clone of the original than writing a new malware. According to the recent Symantec threat reports, Android continues to be the most targeted mobile platform, and the number of new mobile malware clones grew by 54%. There is a need to develop techniques and tools to stop this attack of Android malware clones. To stop this attack, we propose DroidClone that exposes code clones (segments of code that are similar) in Android applications to help detect malware. DroidClone is the first such effort uses specific control flow patterns for reducing the effect of obfuscations and detect clones that are syntactically different but semantically similar up to a threshold. DroidClone is independent of the programming language of the code clones. When evaluated with real malware and benign Android applications, DroidClone obtained a detection rate of 94.2% and false positive rate of 5.6%. DroidClone, when tested against various obfuscations, was able to successfully provide resistance against all the trivial (Renaming methods, parameters, and nop insertion, etc) and some non-trivial (Call graph manipulation and function indirection, etc.) obfuscations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the overlap between British Indian networks of postal communication and trade, and smuggling of opium within a nineteenth-century inter-Asian context. These circulatory networks received support from the expansion of global shipping lines. The colonial state subsidised opium steamers of private shipping companies and converted them into mail packets, using them to transport illicit opium to parts of Southeast and East Asia. Domestically, inland postal routes came to be appropriated by local traders, cultivators and itinerants to smuggle excess opium, growing outside the purview of the colonial state, to various ports in western India, thereby cutting into the profits and prestige of the colonial state. Simultaneously, official complicity in opium smuggling also came to the fore, evident in the case of post offices situated in the eastern parts of the subcontinent, highlighting the inherent weaknesses within the colonial system of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muzealnictwo is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In recent years college health professionals have used a variety of innovative strategies to increase availability and accessibility of condoms and safer sex products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a mail-order delivery program titled the Condom Fairy. Participants: Seven hundred thirty-three students (63.4% women, 86.1% heterosexual, and 59.2% Caucasian) completed a questionnaire assessing their overall experience with the program. Methods: Participants completed a 60 item questionnaire 30 days after receiving condoms and safer sex products. Results: Overall, 46,980 condoms were distributed over a six semester period. Almost all of the participants (97.4%) reported they ordered male condoms while 58.0% ordered sexual lubricant, 11.1% female condoms, and 10.2% latex dams. Nearly than three-quarters (73.9%) of participants reported they used the condoms provided. Conclusions: Findings support the implementation of innovative mail-in condom and safer sex product programs on college campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of a direct-to-patient telemedicine service that enabled people to obtain medical abortion without visiting an abortion provider in person.Study Design: We offered the service in five states. Each participant had a videoconference with a study clinician and had pre-treatment laboratory tests and ultrasound at facilities of her choice. If the participant was eligible for medical abortion, the clinician sent a package containing mifepristone, misoprostol, and instructions to her by mail. After taking the medications, the participant obtained follow-up tests and had a follow-up consultation with the clinician by telephone or videoconference to evaluate abortion completeness. The analysis was descriptive.Results: Over 32 months, we conducted 433 study screenings and shipped 248 packages. The median interval between screening and mailing was 7 days (91st percentile 17 days), and no participant took the mifepristone at ≫71 days of gestation. We ascertained abortion outcomes of 190/248 package recipients (77%): 177/190 (93%) had complete abortion without a procedure. Of the 217/248 package recipients who provided meaningful follow-up data (88%), one was hospitalized for postoperative seizure and another for excessive bleeding, and 27 had other unscheduled clinical encounters, 12 of which resulted in no treatment. A total of 159/248 participants who received packages (64%) completed satisfaction questionnaires at study exit; all were satisfied with the service.Conclusions: This direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion service was safe, effective, efficient, and satisfactory. The model has the potential to increase abortion access by enhancing the reach of providers and by offering people a new option for obtaining care conveniently and privately.Implications: Provision of medical abortion by direct-to-patient telemedicine and mail has the potential to increase abortion access by increasing the reach of providers and by offering people the option of obtaining abortion care without an in-person visit to an abortion provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Occlusal splints are an effective intervention for temporomandibular disorders, and are often used in tooth wear, for protection of extensive adhesive restorations, and as a means of applying medications to gingival conditions. Patients may be required to attend a second appointment to fit the device after impressions are taken, however, some units may send the device in the post once constructed. These appliances rarely require modification to fit and are not occlusally adjusted. The aim of the present study was to assess patients' satisfaction with a postal system for soft splints. Methods: 100 consecutive patients who had been issued with a soft occlusal splint by post immediately prior to August 2015 were sent a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with receiving the splint in this manner. Results: The response rate was 42%. 93% of respondents reported that their splint fitted correctly and 98% reported that they had used it, with the mean length of wear being 8.7 weeks (SD: 5.7). 81% of patients reported that the splint helped "a lot" or "a little". 83% of patients reported being "very happy" or "happy", and 15% were "not bothered" about not seeing a clinician. Conclusions: Our results would suggest that patients are generally pleased with receiving a splint in the post. This system may allow reduced demand on services and may reduce out of pocket and time costs incurred to patients. The low response rate however may affect generalisability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• COVID19 has shifted the paradigm in way CF clinics are organised. • Most CF centres have introduced virtual CF clinics. • Virtual clinics compromise the collection of sputum for microbiological analysis. • Microbiological vigilance supported by adopting innovative postal/shipping services. The COVID19 pandemic has shifted the paradigm of how outpatient clinics are delivered within CF care, resulting in a significant reduction of patient visits to CF centres. One consequence of this has been a reduction in the number of sputa/cough swabs that patients submit for routine analysis. This report examines why it is important to maintain optimal sputum microbiology and explores (i). the microbiological efficiency of postal submission of sputum specimens from the community and (ii) the regulatory conditions that must be met through postal submission of respiratory specimens. Virtual clinics have now been established within CF care and it is incumbent on each speciality within the CF MDT to explore ways to nurture and support their individual contribution to the success of the virtual clinic. Within microbiology, adopting innovative approaches to sputum collection in the community and transportation via postal services will allow for continued microbiological vigilance thereby supporting patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work is devoted the information systems, allowing to automate managerial process by increase of efficiency of investments into agricultural building. The control system of economic object where the choice of mechanisms of management is carried out by increase of efficiency of investments into agricultural building by means of the automated system of the analysis and an estimation of efficiency of investments is developed. Use in spread of knowledge on new information technologies in Republic Dagestan of possibilities of the federal state unitary enterprise «Mail of Russia» is offered.

Copyright of Synergies Afrique des Grands Lacs is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Espacio is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim is to discover the effectiveness of starting up a communications centre for mass or personalised sending of mails or SMS with normal results of complementary tests in a Primary Healthcare Service. This is a pre-experimental before-and-after test of a single group. The study includes any person over 14 years of age with an open computerised medical record and doctor assigned, in any of the 21 primary healthcare units that have e-consent for sending normal results of complementary tests. The impact of the intervention on general practitioner appointments was monitored. A logistic regression model was made and it was observed that the probability of sending health data was 3.33 times higher in young women than in elderly CI 95% (3.13-3.54) and 2.50 times higher among users of low comorbidity CI 95% (2.39-2.62), and that these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The number of face-to-face appointments fell by 3.31% amounting to a total of 18,708 appointments between the two periods of study. The establishment of a system for sending normal analysis results is directly proportional to the decrease in the number of face-to-face appointments on the schedules of the health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]