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Objective: Tumor microtubes (TMs) are ultralong membrane protrusions of tumor cells in astrocytic gliomas, including glioblastomas. TMs play a role in brain invasion and functional network of glioma cells. This network mediates resistance against the cytotoxicity of radiation and chemotherapy. Our hypothesis [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Fragestellung: Hauptverursacher für implantatassoziierte Infektionen sind die Biofilmformer Staphylococcus aureus (SA) und Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE). Die unterschiedliche Pathogenität der Biofilme wird im Wesentlichen durch die keimspezifische Sekretion zahlreicher löslicher Faktoren [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (formally WFIRST) will be launched in the mid-2020’s with an onboard coronagraph instrument which will serve as a technology demonstrator for exoplanet direct imaging. The Roman Coronagraph will be capable of detecting and characterizing exoplanets and circumstellar disks in visible light at an unprecedented contrast level of ~10⁻⁸ or lower. Such a contrast level, which is several magnitudes better than state-of-the-art visible or near-infrared coronagraphs, raises entirely new challenges that will be overcome using a combination of hardware, calibration and data processing. In particular, the Roman Coronagraph will be the first space-based coronagraphic instrument with real-time active wavefront control through the use of large format deformable mirrors, and its EMCCD detector will enable faint signal detection in photon-counting mode. The Roman Coronagraph instrument passed its critical design review successfully in April 2021, and is now well on its path to demonstrate many core technologies at the levels required for future exo-Earth direct imaging missions.

Objective: To investigate the influence of pre-heating different classes of dental resin composites on viscosity and stickiness at five different temperatures. Methods: Six flowable, five conventional packable, and one thermo-viscous bulk-fill resin composites were heated up to 54 °C in a plate-plate rheometer to determine their complex viscosity. Normal force measurements were carried out for the six packable materials to determine the unplugging force and unplugging work (stickiness) over the same temperature range. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnoff test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test with α = 0.05 as level of significance. Results: At 23 °C packable composites showed viscosity between 6.75 and 19.14 kPa s, while flowable composites presented significantly lower viscosities between 1.31 and 2.20 kPa s. Pre-heating led to a drop of 30–82% in the viscosity of packable materials. The thermo-viscous material dropped to the level of flowables at 45 and 54 °C thus behaving as a packable composite at room temperature with flowable-like viscosity at higher temperatures. No statistically significant differences for viscosity were observed among flowable composites at any temperature. The unplugging force decreased for packable composites, while their unplugging work generally increased at elevated temperature. At 23 °C unplugging force was measured between 7.50 and 19.18 N, while pre-heating up to 54 °C led to values between 2.9 and 6.2 N. Regarding unplugging work at 23 °C the calculated values were between 3.0 and 8.9 × 10−3 J and at 54 °C between 8.8 and 13.0 × 10−3 J. Significance: Pre-heating significantly reduced viscosity of highly viscous resin composites, while no influence was shown for flowable composites. In general stickiness, measured as unplugging work, increased at elevated temperatures. The thermo-viscous material showed low viscosity comparable to flowable composites at 45 and 54 °C, yet its stickiness did not increase significantly compared to the values at 23 °C. © 2020 The Academy of Dental Materials

In this paper we discuss a particular type of comparatives, that we call reflexive comparatives. These reflexive comparatives have the property that they compare an object with itself, but with respect to different temporal, spatial or scalar indices. We argue that this property can be viewed as the optimal outcome of a conflict between two general constraints on the arguments of a semantic relation. A semantics of reflexive comparatives is proposed which is based on paths in scalar and other domains., Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 9 (2005): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 9