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In a cross-national project, 14 neighborhoods from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were accompanied on their way to digitally supported neighborhood work. This paper discusses general requirements, choosing a suitable digital tool, the implementation process as well as the challenges faced by the various stakeholders. The following factors have been found to play a major role in sustainable neighborhood work: good fit with overall development strategy, interplay between online neighborhood work and physical interactions, strong existing neighborhood management structures, strategic planning of digitalization activities, start-up funding for innovation activities, and above all, the presence of a committed person or team as well as interesting content to attract users. Depending on the neighborhood, self-managed and individualistic solutions are preferred to generic and/or commercial solutions. There is no ‘fit-for-all’ path to sustainable digitally supported neighborhoods.

Most people wish to die at home, but most people in Switzerland die in hospitals or nursing homes. Family caregivers often offer support so patients with palliative care needs can stay at home for as long as possible. However, crises and unplanned hospital admissions often occur in this setting because of family caregiver strain and symptom severity in patients. The so-called smart devices such as wearables or smartphones offer the opportunity to continuously monitor certain parameters and recording symptom deteriorations. By providing professionals with this information in a timely manner, crises in the home could be avoided.

Die bestehenden E-Learning-Angebote zu transkultureller Kompetenz sind vor allem auf den stationären Bereich ausgerichtet. Sie berücksichtigen nicht die speziellen Herausforderungen, denen sich Pflegekräfte im ambulanten Bereich gegenübersehen. Ziel des Projekts war, aus Fallbeispielen Szenarien abzuleiten, diese mit verschiedenen Konfliktlösungsstrategien zu verknüpfen und als digitale Geschichten zu verpacken.

There is compelling evidence that episodic deposition of large volumes of fresh water into the oceans strongly influenced global ocean circulation and climate variability during glacial periods1,2. In the North Atlantic region, episodes of massive freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic Ocean were related to distinct cold periods known as Heinrich Stadials1–3. By contrast, the freshwater history of the North Pacific region remains unclear, giving rise to persistent debates about the existence and possible magnitude of climate linkages between the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans during Heinrich Stadials4,5. Here we find that there was a strong connection between North Atlantic circulation changes during Heinrich Stadials and injections of fresh water from the North American Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the northeastern North Pacific. Our record of diatom 18O (a measure of the ratio of the stable oxygen isotopes 18O and 16O) over the past 50,000 years shows a decrease in surface seawater 18O of two to three per thousand, corresponding to a decline in salinity of roughly two to four practical salinity units. This coincided with enhanced deposition of ice-rafted debris and a slight cooling of the sea surface in the northeastern North Pacific during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4, but not during Heinrich Stadial 3. Furthermore, results from our isotope-enabled model6 suggest that warming of the eastern Equatorial Pacific during Heinrich Stadials was crucial for transmitting the North Atlantic signal to the northeastern North Pacific, where the associated subsurface warming resulted in a discernible freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4. However, enhanced background cooling across the northern high latitudes during Heinrich Stadial 3—the coldest period in the past 50,000 years7—prevented subsurface warming of the northeastern North Pacific and thus the increased freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. In comb

Planktic foraminifera census data have been used to reconstruct past temperatures through transfer functions, as well as changes in ocean ecosystems, chemistry and circulation. Here we present new multinet, plankton net and core-top census data from 20 sites in the Subpolar North Pacific. We combine these with previous data to provide an up to date compilation of North Pacific planktic foraminifera assemblage data. Our compilation is used to define 6 faunal zones: the subpolar zone; transitional zone; upwelling zone; subtropical zone; east equatorial zone; west equatorial zone; based on the distribution of 10 major species of planktic foraminifera. Two species of planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globigerina bulloides provide the basis for many subpolar paleo-reconstructions. Through the analysis of new multinet and CTD data we find that G. bulloides and N. pachyderma are predominantly found within 0–50 m of the water column and coincide with high food availability. N. pachyderma also shows a strong temperature control and can thrive in food poor waters where temperatures are low. Both species bloom seasonally, particularly during the spring bloom of March to June, with G. bulloides exhibiting greater seasonal variation. We suggest that percentage abundance of N. pachyderma in paleo-assemblages can be used to assess relative changes in past temperature, with G. bulloides abundance more likely to reflect changes in food availability. By comparing our core-top and multinet data, we also find a dissolution bias of G. bulloides over N. pachyderma in the North Pacific, which may enrich assemblages in the latter species.

Reduced surface-deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface-subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring-summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall-winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.