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4. Genetic And Environmental Influences On Human Height From Infancy Through Adulthood At Different Levels Of Parental Education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., and Ullemar, Vilhelmina

Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

5. Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique

Author

Prista, Antonio, Maia, Jose Antonio Ribeiro, Damasceno, Albertino, and Beunen, Gaston

Subjects
Anthropometry -- Methods, Overweight persons -- Health aspects, Health status indicators -- Evaluation, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Studies are needed to test the relevance of the anthropometric criteria for health and well-being, particularly in developing countries. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the relevance of anthropometric indexes as indicators of nutritional status. Design: The sample consisted of 2316 subjects (n = 1094 males, 1222 females) aged 6-18 y from Mozambique. Anthropometric variables, maturity stage, physical fitness, physical activity, and metabolic fitness were measured. Samples of blood, urine, and feces were obtained. Subjects were classified in 5 nutritional groups labeled normal, low height-for-age (stunted), low weight-for-height (wasted), low height-for-age and low weight-for-height (stunted and wasted), and overweight, according to cutoffs set by a World Health Organization expert committee. Socioeconomic status was classified according to region of residence. Results: Prevalence rates for males and females, respectively, in the nutritional groups were 3.0% and 2.3% (stunted group), 21.9% and 10.0% (wasted group), 3.0% and 0.8% (stunted and wasted group), and 4.8% and 7.7% (overweight group). With control for age, socioeconomic status, and maturity stage, the overweight group performed significantly worse than did the other groups on most of the fitness tests. Compared with the normal group, the 3 undernourished groups performed significantly worse in absolute strength tasks, better in endurance tasks, and equally in flexibility and agility. Very few differences were found in physical activity scores. The 3 undernourished groups had scores for the biochemical indicators that were similar to those of the normal group and had more favorable profiles for blood pressure and cholesterol. Conclusions: In this population, the cutoffs used to classify overweight status appear to appropriately identify potential health problems. No relevance to health was found for the lower cutoffs identifying undernourished children. KEY WORDS Nutritional status, anthropometric indicators, Africa, children, adolescents, physical fitness, stunting, wasting, overweight, Mozambique

Published
2003

6. DIMORFISMO SEXUAL EM VARIÁVEIS DO CRESCIMENTO SOMÁTICO E DA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE CRIANÇAS E JOVENS BRASILEIROS

Author

Garlipp, Daniel Carlos, Silva, Gustavo Marçal Gonçalves da, Gaya, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo, and Maia, Jose Antonio Ribeiro

Subjects
Aptidão física, Sexual dimorphism, Brazilian youth, Dimorfismo sexual, Desenvolvimento somático, Jovens brasileiros, Crianças, Somatic development, Desenvolvimento motor, Physical fitness, Adolescentes
Abstract

Os conhecimentos referentes ao dimorfismo sexual no domínio somato-motor em crianças e jovens são de fundamental importância. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a presença de diferenças sexuais na aptidão física de crianças e jovens. O estudo foi desenvolvido pelo método ex post facto com amostra do tipo aleatória por conglomerados. Os procedimentos estatísticos utilizados foram a ANOVA para identificação das diferenças entre os sexos e da ANCOVA para identificação dos efeitos do peso e estatura nos testes motores. Os principais resultados demonstram um claro dimorfismo sexual em praticamente todas as idades, tanto nos testes referenciados à saúde como em testes referenciados à performance desportiva. Ao ser removido o efeito dimensional (peso e estatura), as diferenças permaneceram em praticamente todos os testes e idades. The knowledge concerning sexual dimorphism in domain somatic-motor in children and youth are importance fundamental. In that perspective, the present study aims at the describe the presence of sexual differences in physical fitness of children and youth. The study was developed at the ex post facto method with aleatory sampling for conglomerate. The statistics procedures went the ANOVA for Identification of the differences between sexes and the ANCOVA for identification of the effects of the weight and stature in motor tests. The main results show a clear sexual dimorphism in almost ali ages, so in health referenced tests so in performance referenced tests. Upon remove the dimension effects (weight and stature), the differences remain in practically ali tests and ages.

Published
2017

7. Genetic And Environmental Influences On Height From Infancy To Early Adulthood: An Individual-Based Pooled Analysis Of 45 Twin Cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Moller, Soren, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, and Rebato, Esther

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

8. Modeling stability and change in strength development: a study in adolescent boys

Author

Maia, Jose Antonio R., Beunen, Gaston, Lefevre, Johan, Claessens, Albrecht L., Renson, Roland, and Vanreusel, Bart

Subjects
Teenage boys -- Health aspects, Strengthening exercises -- Influence, Human growth -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate stability and change in adolescent boys through strength development, by the use of sport sciences like physiology and exercise. 588 boys, subjects of this study, were used to test their strength factor. The models correspond to a variety of developmental phenomena like tracking, fanning-out effects, and latent growth.

Published
2003

9. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Moller, Soren, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Moller, Soren, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

10. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood:an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Møller, Søren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different e, Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a2 = 0.42) and girls (a2 = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2016

11. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood:An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hjelmborg, Jacob V. B., Möller, Sören, Honda, Chika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Heikkila, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Christensen, Kaare, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1–19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

12. Age and sex differences in physical activity of Portuguese adolescents

Author

Seabra, Andre Filipe Teixeira E., Maia, Jose Antonio Ribeiro R., Mendonca, Denisa M., Thomis, Martine, Caspersen, Carl J., and Fulton, Janet E.

Subjects
Analysis of variance -- Usage, Teenagers -- Physiological aspects, Youth -- Physiological aspects, Health, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Several surveys are conducted to explain the various age, as well as sex related variations that are observed in the physical activity (PA) among Portuguese adolescents. The Portuguese females are shown to reduce their PA significantly during their late adolescence.

Published
2008

13. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age : A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose Antonio, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Kim, Bia, Chong, Youngsook, Hong, Changhee, Shin, Hyun Jung, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Chang, Billy, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Aujard, Kelly, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Heikkila, Kauko, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Jang, Kerry L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Tynelius, Per, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Ooki, Syuichi, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Rebato, Esther, Martin, Nicholas G., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Hayakawa, Kazuo, Sung, Joohon, Harris, Jennifer R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Busjahn, Andreas, Goldberg, Jack H., Rasmussen, Finn, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015
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18. Cardiovascular Risk and Physical Activity Practice in Children and Adolescents of Muzambinho/MG: Influence of Gender and Age

Author

Chehuen, Marcel Da Rocha, Leite Bezerra, Allan Irwin, Bartholomeu, Teresa, Junqueira, Nivia Oliveira, Souza Rezende, Januaria Andrea, Basso, Luciano, Oliveira, Jorge Alberto, Lemos, Wilian Peres, Tani, Go, Prista, Antonio, Ribeiro Maia, Jose Antonio, and Claudia Forjaz

Subjects
hipertensão arterial, cardiovascular risk factors, fatores de risco cardiovascular, obesidade, obesity, hypertension, sedentarismo, inactivity, hypercholesterolemia, hipercolesterolemia
Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A doença cardiovascular inicia na infância e está atrelada à presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRC). A prevalência desses fatores varia em diferentes populações brasileiras, tendo sido estudada principalmente em cidades de médio e grande porte. Este estudo avaliou a prevalência dos FRC e da prática de atividade física (AF) em crianças e adolescentes de Muzambinho, uma cidade de pequeno porte. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 205 sujeitos (entre sete e 18 anos - 108 do gênero masculino). Foram medidos: peso, estatura, glicemia, colesterolemia, pressão arterial (PA) e prática de AF. As comparações foram realizadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 19% e de valores alterados de PA, glicemia e colesterolemia foram de, respectivamente, 11, 5 e 15%. Não houve diferença na prevalência dos FRC entre os sexos. O tabagismo, o alcoolismo, a PA alterada e a insuficiência de AF aumentaram com a idade. Setenta e nove por cento dos sujeitos praticavam AF de locomoção, 10% ocupacional, 97% nas aulas de educação física, 72% no recreio e 90% de lazer. Noventa e dois por cento foram considerados ativos. A prática de AF ocupacional foi maior nas meninas e aumentou nos meninos com a idade. A prevalência de AF de lazer e recreio diminuiu com a idade nos dois sexos. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de FRC, exceto do sedentarismo, foi expressiva, não diferiu entre os sexos e aumentou com a idade. A prática de AF de todos os tipos foi alta, diferenciou-se entre os sexos e diminuiu com a idade. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease begins at infancy and it has been linked to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Prevalence of these factors varies a lot among different Brazilian populations and has been mostly studied in big and medium size cities. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of CRF and physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents from Muzambinho, a small city in the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS: 205 subjects (7 to 18 years - 108 males) were studied. Body weight and height, glycemia, cholesterolemia, blood pressure (BP), and PA were measured. Comparisons were made by Qui-square test. RESULTS: Obesity and altered values of BP, glycemia, and cholesterolemia were found, respectively, in 19, 11, 5 and 15% of the subjects. There was no difference between genders, while the prevalence of smokers, drinkers, altered BP, and inactivity increased with age. Seventy-nine percent of the subjects practiced community PA; 10% occupational PA; 97% physical education classes; 72% PA during school recess; and 90% leisure time PA. Ninety-two percent of them were active. Occupational PA was higher in girls, and increased with age in boys. Leisure time and during school recess PA decreased with age in both genders. CONCLUSION: Except for physical inactivity, prevalence of CRF was high, did not differ between genders, and increased with age. High levels of all kinds of PA were found; they differed between genders, and decreased with age.

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