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This study assessed potential improvement of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) culture using supplemental feeding with seaweed to explore its potential to support short-cropping. Three phased experiments evaluated juvenile growth and survival performance by: offering two types of seaweed-based supplemental feeds (Sargassum sp. and Gracilaria verrucosa) both processed by fermentation and pulverisation (Experiment 1); evaluating three stocking densities (25, 35 and 45 individuals per m2) using the best-performing diet from Experiment 1 (Experiment 2); and upscaling to commercial-level culture in three 400 m2 earthen ponds (Experiment 3). Fermented diets were prepared using a probiotic mixture (Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis) added to ground, dried seaweed; while the pulverised diets were offered as a ground powder (350–450 µm particle sizes). Sandfish offered fermented Sargassum and Gracilaria reached 35.0% and 29.7% heavier mean final weights (18.18 ± 0.19 g and 16.81 ± 0.08 g, respectively), compared to their pulverised equivalents (11.82 ± 1.09 g across both seaweed species, p 0.05). Valuable new information has been generated for further development of supplemental feeding of sandfish, and results here demonstrate high technical feasibility to support short cropping, with optimisation of this culture model required.

The potential for integration of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) and snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) culture was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the effect of varying pompano:sandfish stocking density ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 and pompano monoculture control) on growth, survival and sediment quality (measured by Total Organic Matter: TOM and Sediment Total Nitrogen: STN content) over 75 days. Experiment 2 applied the best density (1:1) determined from Experiment 1 to commercial-scale co-culture in 2 × 500 m2 earthen ponds over 8 months. Mean pompano weight gain during Experiment 1 was 11.9% higher on average in co-culture across all treatments (70.5 ± 5.2 g cf. control: 59.7 ± 4.8 g), while sandfish performed better (11.6% increase) at density ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:1. Survival remained high (>91%) in all treatments. Absolute growth rates were 14.9% higher in co-culture for pompano, whereas fastest sandfish growth occurred at density ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:1 (10.3% and 11.2% higher cf. control, respectively). Sediment TOM and STN content reduced with increasing sandfish density (TOM: 55.6–46.1% and STN:62.3–34.5% lower cf. control). During Experiment 2 pompano and sandfish reached 494.5 ± 1.8 g and 393.0 ± 20.9 g, respectively; over 8 months from initial sizes of 2.53 ± 0.02 g and 5.49 ± 0.05 g. Specific growth rates averaged 2.20 ± 0.02 and 1.75 ± 0.03%/day. Sediment TOM and STN increased over the culture period. Results demonstrate high feasibility for co-culture of these species with improved pond sediment quality.

Besides the successful use of support software in cutting-edge medical procedures, the significance of determining a disease early signs and symptoms before its detection is a growing pressing requirement to raise the standard of medical examination and treatment. This creates favourable conditions, reduces patient inconvenience and hospital overcrowding. Before transferring patients to an appropriate doctor, healthcare staff must have the patient’s symptoms. This study leverages the PhoBERT model to assist in classifying patients with text classification tasks based on symptoms they provided in the first stages of Vietnamese hospital admission. The outcomes of PhoBERT on more than 200 000 text-based symptoms collected from Vietnamese hospitals can improve the classification performance compared to Bag of Words (BOW) with classic machine learning algorithms, and some considered deep learning architectures such as 1D-Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory. The proposed method can achieve promising results to be deployed in automatic hospital admission procedures in Vietnam.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of osteosarcoma and other cancers and is associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. RUNX2 is an important transcription factor for osteoblastic differentiation, and aberrant expression of the gene contributes to the development and progression of osteosarcoma. To identify the effects of RUNX2 silencing on transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in osteosarcomas, we generated SJSA-1 osteosarcoma cells stably expressing RUNX2 shRNA and SJSA-1 cells stably expressing scramble shRNA and analyzed transcriptome and metabolome profiles in the two cell types using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. The datasets can be used by researchers to identify novel targets of RUNX2 and elucidate the role and underlying mechanism of RUNX2 in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and metabolic reprogramming.

The tumor suppressor p53 exerts its role mainly as a transcription factor. The TP53 gene, which encodes the p53 protein, is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, particularly triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Variations in the TP53 gene occur mainly in exons 5–8 and result in missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of the p53 protein that alter DNA binding specificity. To identify the target genes of mutant p53, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA microarray (ChIP-chip). Briefly, the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468 containing the endogenous p53-R273H mutation (the arginine residue at position 273 is mutated to a histidine) was cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde and ultrasonically sheared to generate chromatin fragments in a range of 200∼1000 bp. An aliquot of the sheared chromatin was kept as input, and the other chromatin was precipitated with a p53 monoclonal antibody. DNA was purified from the precipitated chromatin and the unprecipitated chromatin (i.e., input), amplified, and labeled with Cy5 (ChIP DNA) or Cy3 (input DNA). Cy5- and Cy3-labeled DNA samples were cohybridized with the NimbleGen Human ChIP-chip 2.1 M Deluxe Promoter Array. The raw and analyzed data are described in this article. They are useful for identifying target genes and consensus binding motifs of the p53 R273H mutant and for further clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic activity of the p53 mutant.

Nghiên cứu thực hiện với dữ liệu bảng không cân bằng từ 400 công ty đại chúng chưa niêm yết tại Sở giao dịch chứng khoán Hà Nội (UPCOM) từ năm 2011 đến năm 2017. Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá về hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận của nhà quản lý và xác định tác động từ các nhóm nhân tố cơ cấu sở hữu, cơ cấu vốn và đặc điểm công ty đến các công ty UPCOM, vốn chưa được đề cập đến trong các nghiên cứu trước đây. Nghiên cứu sử dụng đồng thời mô hình Jones (1991) và Roychowdhury (2006) để đo lường quản trị lợi nhuận. Kết quả nghiên cứu khẳng định giả thuyết của chúng tôi khi cho thấy các công ty UPCOM thực hiện hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận theo cả hai phương pháp. Cùng với đó, khi so sánh với toàn thị trường chứng khoán, chúng tôi nhận thấy nhà quản lý công ty UPCOM có xu hướng lựa chọn cắt giảm chi phí bán hàng và chi phí quản lý doanh nghiệp để tăng lợi nhuận mạnh mẽ hơn so với các phương pháp khác. Các nhân tố có tác động phù hợp với giả thuyết mà chúng tôi đặt ra, trong đó nhà quản lý và nhà đầu tư tổ chức có xu hướng lựa chọn thực hiện quản trị lợi nhuận mạnh mẽ nếu nắm giữ càng nhiều cổ phần của công ty hoặc đang có kế hoạch tài trợ vốn bằng nợ. Ngược lại, quy mô công ty là yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến quyết định của nhà quản lý khi cân nhắc liệu có thực hiện quản trị lợi nhuận.

Uncertainty analysis in Modelling (UAM) for Design, Operation and Safety Analysis of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs) has been formed by OECD/NEA to assess the effect of nuclear data uncertainties on parameters of interest in SFR analysis. In this paper, sub-exercises of a medium 1000 MWth metallic core (MET-1000) and a large 3600 MWth oxide core (MOX-3600) are tested by a Monte Carlo code MCS to perform uncertainty analysis. Classical perturbation theory and generalized perturbation theory are used to calculate sensitivity coefficients. Uncertainty is calculated by multiplying the sensitivity coefficients and relative covariance matrix from ENDF/B-VII.1 library.

Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm ra giải pháp nâng cao vai trò phụ nữ trong tham gia tập huấn khoa học kỹ thuật lĩnh vực sản xuất lúa ở thành phố Cần Thơ, cụ thể là địa bàn quận Ô Môn và huyện Thới Lai. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện bằng cách phỏng vấn 120 nông dân trong và ngoài lớp tập huấn theo số liệu tách biệt giới. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các yếu tố như người phụ nữ trình độ học vấn thấp, có ít năm kinh nghiệm sản xuất, bận rộn chăm sóc con cái và mất nhiều thời gian vào các hoạt động kinh tế khác thì thường ít được tham gia tập huấn. Nhằm nâng cao cơ hội tập huấn cho phụ nữ, các đoàn thể địa phương cần tăng cường liên kết tuyên truyền giới trong cộng đồng, các cơ quan khuyến nông cần gắn hiệu quả kinh tế với tập huấn, người phụ nữ cần chủ động nâng cao kiến thức và sự tự tin của bản thân là các giải pháp chính yếu đã được đề ra.

Background: New drugs targeting antimicrobial resistant pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , have been challenging to evaluate in clinical trials, particularly for the non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia indications. Development of new antibacterial drugs is facilitated by preclinical animal models that could predict clinical efficacy in patients with these infections., Methods: We report here an FDA-funded study to develop a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining the extent to which the natural history of animal disease reproduced human pathophysiology and conducting validation studies to evaluate whether humanized dosing regimens of two antibiotics, meropenem and tobramycin, can halt or reverse disease progression., Results: In a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia, endobronchial challenge with live P. aeruginosa strain 6206, but not with UV-killed Pa6206, caused acute respiratory distress syndrome, as evidenced by acute lung inflammation, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, severe hypoxemia, hyperlactatemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoglycemia, which preceded respiratory failure and death. Pa6206 increased >100-fold in the lungs and then disseminated from there to infect distal organs, including spleen and kidneys. At 5 h post-infection, 67% of Pa6206-challenged rabbits had PaO 2 <60 mmHg, corresponding to a clinical cut-off when oxygen therapy would be required. When administered at 5 h post-infection, humanized dosing regimens of tobramycin and meropenem reduced mortality to 17-33%, compared to 100% for saline-treated rabbits ( P <0.001 by log-rank tests). For meropenem which exhibits time-dependent bactericidal activity, rabbits treated with a humanized meropenem dosing regimen of 80 mg/kg q2h for 24 h achieved 100% T>MIC, resulting in 75% microbiological clearance rate of Pa6206 from the lungs. For tobramycin which exhibits concentration-dependent killing, rabbits treated with a humanized tobramycin dosing regimen of 8 mg/kg q8h for 24 h achieved C max /MIC of 9.8 ± 1.4 at 60 min post-dose, resulting in 50% lung microbiological clearance rate. In contrast, rabbits treated with a single tobramycin dose of 2.5 mg/kg had C max /MIC of 7.8 ± 0.8 and 8% (1/12) microbiological clearance rate, indicating that this rabbit model can detect dose-response effects., Conclusion: The rabbit model may be used to help predict clinical efficacy of new antibacterial drugs for the treatment of non-ventilated P. aeruginosa pneumonia., Competing Interests: Authors BZ, LC, CS, AD and BS are or were employed by AstraZeneca. Author BD previously received funding from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck, Arsanis, ContraFect, and Integrated Biotherapeutics for preclinical studies using earlier iterations of the rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gras, Vu, Nguyen, Tran, Mao, Tran, Mai, Dong, Jung, Iorio, Povoa, Pinheiro, Aguiar-Alves, Weiss, Zheng, Cheng, Stover, Sellman, DiGiandomenico, Gibault, Valour and Diep.)

This study aims to examine the association between economic growth and energy consumption (renewable and nonrenewable). The data was collected from 80 developing countries comprising countries from all income over the 1990 to 2020 period. On methodological aspects, this study identifies the diverse impact of variables at different quantiles through novel methods of movement quantile regression (MMQR) approach and long-run coefficient estimations through fully modified ordinary least squares, fixed effects ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares. According to the primary findings, the growth hypothesis exists in developing countries as both nonrenewable energy and renewable energy impact economic growth positively in MMQR estimation (for renewable energy at all quintiles and nonrenewable energy at lower quantiles), whereas the feedback hypothesis exists in (Dumitrescu and Hurlin Econ Model 29(4):1450-1460, 2012) Granger causality approach. The findings exposed that the economic renewable and non-renewable energy consumption has a positive impact on economic growth in developing countries. Based on the results, we recommend that developing countries prioritize investments in renewable energy for their production and expansion. Moreover, the provision of tax exemptions, subsidies, and feed-in tariffs are the right policy options towards the encouragement of the renewable energy sector and ultimately for the growth of the developing countries., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A major issue for governments in the past few decades has been environmental deterioration caused by economic activity. Researchers are increasingly interested in the factors that contribute to environmental deterioration. This research fills the empirical gaps by looking at the influence of carbon footprints of growth and R&D investment on green finance development of renewable energy. Ordinary least square (OLS) is used in this work to assess the long-term connection between chosen variables in South Asia from 1995 to 2018. The importance of green finance, clean energy, and green financial instability have been identified as major variables. According to the study's overall findings, clean energy, green finance, and sustainable economic growth are all important and positive indicators of a composite assessment of sustainable practices. Green bonds, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and green economic development all play an important part in green finance development and renewable energy production. The research also found that R&D expenditures had a positive and substantial influence on green finance development in South Asia, with a 1% increase in R&D expenditures lowering the sustainability of the environment by 0.070% and 0.080%. Other practical consequences for South Asia include a more suitable path toward a greener economy, as suggested by the projected findings., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Very little information on the occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is reported for Vietnam, where antibiotics are assumed to be omnipresent in urban canals and lakes at high concentrations due to the easy accessibility of antibiotics without doctor prescription. This study provides comprehensive analysis of the occurrence of 23 antibiotics in urban canals (To Lich and Kim Nguu) and lakes (West Lake, Hoan Kiem, and Yen So) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Of these 23 antibiotics, 18 were detected in urban canals at above 67.9% detection frequency (DF). The concentrations of detected antibiotics were in the range from below quantification limit (MQL) to almost 50,000 ng/L, depending on the compound and sampling site. In urban canals, median concentration of amoxicillin, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole was >1000 ng/L while other antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, tylosin and vancomycin were detected at median concentrations of <100 ng/L. Similarly, 16 target antibiotics were also detected in urban lakes. Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin-H 2 O), fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin and ofloxacin), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin), and trimethoprim were ubiquitously detected in urban lakes (DF = 100%). In this study, potential risks of antibiotics in the investigated urban canals and lakes were assessed based on the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) from the existing literature for antibiotic resistance selection (PNEC ARM ) and ecological toxicity to aquatic organisms (PNEC Ecotox ). Ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were found in the investigated urban canals at concentrations exceeding their PNEC ARM and PNEC Ecotox . Similarly, most of the target antibiotics (i.e. amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, lincomycin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim and tylosin) were detected in the investigated urban lakes at concentrations close to or exceeding PNEC Ecotox for aquatic organisms. Further investigations on the occurrence and fate of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in surface waters are recommended., (Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Hidradenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare adenexal tumor with a propensity for the head and neck region and extremities. We report a case of hidradenocarcinnoma in a 56-year-old woman with a mass on her right palm sampled by fine-needle aspiration and later confirmed on histological examination. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed a dual population of cells including polyhedral eosinophilic cells and glycogen containing cells with pale/clear cytoplasm. The nuclei were pleomorphic with prominent nucleoli. Occassional papillary structures were identified on the cell block material. A series of immunohistochemical stains were performed and an adnexal neoplasm was suggested. The mass was resected. On histologic sections, infiltration into the adjacent soft tissue was identified. After an additional series of immunohistochemical stains, the diagnosis was confirmed as a HAC. Herein, we present our findings and discuss the differential diagnoses., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: Combination antifungal therapy (amphotericin B deoxycholate and flucytosine) is the recommended treatment for cryptococcal meningitis but has not been shown to reduce mortality, as compared with amphotericin B alone. We performed a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether combining flucytosine or high-dose fluconazole with high-dose amphotericin B improved survival at 14 and 70 days., Methods: We conducted a randomized, three-group, open-label trial of induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. All patients received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight per day; patients in group 1 were treated for 4 weeks, and those in groups 2 and 3 for 2 weeks. Patients in group 2 concurrently received flucytosine at a dose of 100 mg per kilogram per day for 2 weeks, and those in group 3 concurrently received fluconazole at a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 2 weeks., Results: A total of 299 patients were enrolled. Fewer deaths occurred by days 14 and 70 among patients receiving amphotericin B and flucytosine than among those receiving amphotericin B alone (15 vs. 25 deaths by day 14; hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 1.08; unadjusted P=0.08; and 30 vs. 44 deaths by day 70; hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.97; unadjusted P=0.04). Combination therapy with fluconazole had no significant effect on survival, as compared with monotherapy (hazard ratio for death by 14 days, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.41; P=0.42; hazard ratio for death by 70 days, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.11; P=0.13). Amphotericin B plus flucytosine was associated with significantly increased rates of yeast clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (-0.42 log10 colony-forming units [CFU] per milliliter per day vs. -0.31 and -0.32 log10 CFU per milliliter per day in groups 1 and 3, respectively; P<0.001 for both comparisons). Rates of adverse events were similar in all groups, although neutropenia was more frequent in patients receiving a combination therapy., Conclusions: Amphotericin B plus flucytosine, as compared with amphotericin B alone, is associated with improved survival among patients with cryptococcal meningitis. A survival benefit of amphotericin B plus fluconazole was not found. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and the British Infection Society; Controlled-Trials.com number, ISRCTN95123928.).

Background: Most cases of cryptococcal meningitis occur in patients with HIV infection: the course and outcome of disease in the apparently immunocompetent is much more poorly understood. We describe a cohort of HIV uninfected Vietnamese patients with cryptococcal meningitis in whom underlying disease is uncommon, and relate presenting features of patients and the characteristics of the infecting species to outcome., Methods: A prospective descriptive study of HIV negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis based at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City. All patients had comprehensive clinical assessment at baseline, were cared for by a dedicated study team, and were followed up for 2 years. Clinical presentation was compared by infecting isolate and outcome., Results: 57 patients were studied. Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii molecular type VN1 caused 70% of infections; C. gattii accounted for the rest. Most patients did not have underlying disease (81%), and the rate of underlying disease did not differ by infecting species. 11 patients died while in-patients (19.3%). Independent predictors of death were age > or = 60 years and a history of convulsions (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 8.7 (1 - 76), and 16.1 (1.6 - 161) respectively). Residual visual impairment was common, affecting 25 of 46 survivors (54.3%). Infecting species did not influence clinical phenotype or outcome. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of flucytosine and amphotericin B were significantly higher for C. neoformans var grubii compared with C. gattii (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01 respectively)., Conclusion: In HIV uninfected individuals in Vietnam, cryptococcal meningitis occurs predominantly in people with no clear predisposing factor and is most commonly due to C. neoformans var grubii. The rates of mortality and visual loss are high and independent of infecting species. There are detectable differences in susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs between species, but the clinical significance of this is not clear.

A gene encoding a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase closely related to the vertebrate insulin receptor has been identified in the Cnidarian Hydra vulgaris. The gene is expressed in both epithelial layers of the adult polyp. A particularly high level of expression is seen in the ectoderm of the proximal portions of the tentacles and in a ring of ectodermal cells at the border between the foot basal disk and body column. The expression pattern of the gene in asexual buds is dynamic; expression is high throughout the newly emerging bud but the area of high expression becomes restricted to the apex as the bud lengthens. When the bud begins hypostome and tentacle formation, a high level of expression appears at the bases of the emerging tentacles. Finally, a ring of high expression appears just above the foot of the bud, completing the pattern seen in the adult polyp. The presence of this receptor and its pattern of expression suggested that an endogenous molecule related to insulin plays a role in regulating cell division in the body column and in differentiation of the tentacle and foot cells in Hydra, with the switch between the two being determined by the level of the receptor. Treatment of Hydra polyps with mammalian insulin caused an increase in the number of ectodermal and endodermal cells undergoing DNA synthesis.